The eastern staircase of Apadana – the Royal Achaemenid Audience Hall at Persepolis was decorated with numerous reliefs depicting various people subjected to the king’s rule, paying homage and bringing gifts. Among these, the Lydian group is one of the delegations carved in the lower part of the staircase. This group was led by one of the officers of the Achaemenid court. The participants carried amphorae, bowls and armlets and were also bringing horses and a chariot. The amphorae and arm rings were represented distinctly with beautiful and unique animal decorations. The purpose of the following research was to identify the metal prototypes of the goods represented as carried by the Lydian group (amphorae, bowls, arm rings) and to illustrate them with artefacts housed in important museums of the world. This research was carried out by descriptive, analytical, comparative and field visit methods. It also used the method of referring to domestic museums and websites of foreign museums, reviewing documents and historical texts. The research concludes that the gifts carried by the Lydian group on the eastern staircase of Apadana, including amphorae, bowls and arm rings, had ceremonial usage, sometimes also being used in important court parties. Animal decorations in the form of griffins were used on the handles of amphorae and rings, which have their roots in the mythology of ancient Iran and other Achaemenid nations. Achaemenid artists developed it after modelling this type of decoration from other nations. This type of decoration (griffin) has been used to decorate jewellery, luxury items, seals, textiles, reliefs etc. The goods carried by the Lydian group as represented on the eastern staircase and some of its metal prototypes were used by the wealthy class of Iranian society in the Achaemenid period.
{"title":"Investigating the representation of the Lydian delegation in the reliefs of the eastern staircase of Apadana (case study: vessels and jewellery)","authors":"Vahid Azadi, Karim Hajizadeh Bastani, H. Shiran","doi":"10.46535/ca.30.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The eastern staircase of Apadana – the Royal Achaemenid Audience Hall at Persepolis was decorated with numerous reliefs depicting various people subjected to the king’s rule, paying homage and bringing gifts. Among these, the Lydian group is one of the delegations carved in the lower part of the staircase. This group was led by one of the officers of the Achaemenid court. The participants carried amphorae, bowls and armlets and were also bringing horses and a chariot. The amphorae and arm rings were represented distinctly with beautiful and unique animal decorations. The purpose of the following research was to identify the metal prototypes of the goods represented as carried by the Lydian group (amphorae, bowls, arm rings) and to illustrate them with artefacts housed in important museums of the world. This research was carried out by descriptive, analytical, comparative and field visit methods. It also used the method of referring to domestic museums and websites of foreign museums, reviewing documents and historical texts. The research concludes that the gifts carried by the Lydian group on the eastern staircase of Apadana, including amphorae, bowls and arm rings, had ceremonial usage, sometimes also being used in important court parties. Animal decorations in the form of griffins were used on the handles of amphorae and rings, which have their roots in the mythology of ancient Iran and other Achaemenid nations. Achaemenid artists developed it after modelling this type of decoration from other nations. This type of decoration (griffin) has been used to decorate jewellery, luxury items, seals, textiles, reliefs etc. The goods carried by the Lydian group as represented on the eastern staircase and some of its metal prototypes were used by the wealthy class of Iranian society in the Achaemenid period.","PeriodicalId":169679,"journal":{"name":"Cercetări Arheologice","volume":"30 26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125553800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is an up-to-date research on the Roman military equipment found in Barbaricum beyond the Dacian limes previously dealt with in a lecture published in 1999 in the Proceedings of the 17th Congress of the Frontier Studies. The discussion of other 10 items gave the opportunity to draw additional conclusions and find more evidence for the already made statements. So, nine pieces (nos. 1-9) were discovered in the autochthonous settlements concentrated in the central part of the historical region of Wallachia (Fig. 1). Among them there are only two weapon accessories (nos. 4 and 8) and the rest of the items (nos. 1-3, 5-7, 9) are belt and baldric fittings. All the military equipment pieces date from the end of the 2nd century AD until c. AD 260. The origin of the items found at Mătăsaru (nos. 7-9) is almost certain in Roman Dacia. The others (nos. 1-6) discovered along the roads linking the southern Danubian bank with the main part of Roman Dacia placed inside the Carpathian Mountains probably originate in Moesia Inferior. The earlier piece (no. 10) unearthed in the Vandal settlement at Medieșu Aurit was obviously imported from Dacia Porolissensis. Both weapon accessories belong to types distributed throughout the Roman Empire. No. 6 is a representative of the eastern variant of the ring-buckles met in Syria, Dacia and Moesia and the rest of the belt and baldric fittings belong to variants diffused only in the Danubian provinces.
{"title":"Once again on the roman military equipment in Barbaricum near the Roman Dacia","authors":"L. Petculescu","doi":"10.46535/ca.30.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an up-to-date research on the Roman military equipment found in Barbaricum beyond the Dacian limes previously dealt with in a lecture published in 1999 in the Proceedings of the 17th Congress of the Frontier Studies. The discussion of other 10 items gave the opportunity to draw additional conclusions and find more evidence for the already made statements. So, nine pieces (nos. 1-9) were discovered in the autochthonous settlements concentrated in the central part of the historical region of Wallachia (Fig. 1). Among them there are only two weapon accessories (nos. 4 and 8) and the rest of the items (nos. 1-3, 5-7, 9) are belt and baldric fittings. All the military equipment pieces date from the end of the 2nd century AD until c. AD 260. The origin of the items found at Mătăsaru (nos. 7-9) is almost certain in Roman Dacia. The others (nos. 1-6) discovered along the roads linking the southern Danubian bank with the main part of Roman Dacia placed inside the Carpathian Mountains probably originate in Moesia Inferior. The earlier piece (no. 10) unearthed in the Vandal settlement at Medieșu Aurit was obviously imported from Dacia Porolissensis. Both weapon accessories belong to types distributed throughout the Roman Empire. No. 6 is a representative of the eastern variant of the ring-buckles met in Syria, Dacia and Moesia and the rest of the belt and baldric fittings belong to variants diffused only in the Danubian provinces.","PeriodicalId":169679,"journal":{"name":"Cercetări Arheologice","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132687006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In archaeological studies of Southwestern Asia, during the period from the late fourth millennium BC to the beginning of the Iron Age (second half of the second millennium BC), phenomena such as growth of settlements in terms of area and population, emergence of early cities, trans-regional trade, formation of government institutions, emergence and spread of gray-and-black pottery, extensive changes in technology, dramatic development of smelting and use of bronze tools were identified. In this process, an extensive communication network aimed at controlling trade routes and access to raw materials across the plateau, by land and sea, connected many areas. Economically, remote trade was established in this period of time, various communities establishing ties with places located thousands of miles away in order to obtain their needed resources. Bronze-Age cultures are well-known in most parts of Iran, but Khorasan is an exception since the data are rare and insufficient. Moreover, information about the chronology and distribution of sites during different periods of prehistoric times in different parts of it is minimal. Thirty-eight sites from the Bronze Age have been studied in this research. These sites were identified in the archaeological surveys of the upper and middle Atrak during the last decade. This study was done using the descriptive-analytic method. GIS and SPSS software and Correlation and Cluster analysis methods were used for data analysis. The settlement pattern in the upper and middle Atrak basin is similar. It consists of two-rank models with a large main site and several small sites around it. The results of this study indicate that due to the lack of water resources in the region, access to constant water resources has been an essential factor in the shaping of Bronze-Age settlements. Most sites were also formed during the early Bronze Age, and we also faced a decrease in the number of sites in the middle and late Bronze Ages.
{"title":"Settlement Patterns of Bronze-Age Sites of the Upper and Middle Atrak Basin in Northeastern Iran","authors":"A. H. Nobari, Nesa Judy","doi":"10.46535/ca.30.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"In archaeological studies of Southwestern Asia, during the period from the late fourth millennium BC to the beginning of the Iron Age (second half of the second millennium BC), phenomena such as growth of settlements in terms of area and population, emergence of early cities, trans-regional trade, formation of government institutions, emergence and spread of gray-and-black pottery, extensive changes in technology, dramatic development of smelting and use of bronze tools were identified. In this process, an extensive communication network aimed at controlling trade routes and access to raw materials across the plateau, by land and sea, connected many areas. Economically, remote trade was established in this period of time, various communities establishing ties with places located thousands of miles away in order to obtain their needed resources. Bronze-Age cultures are well-known in most parts of Iran, but Khorasan is an exception since the data are rare and insufficient. Moreover, information about the chronology and distribution of sites during different periods of prehistoric times in different parts of it is minimal. Thirty-eight sites from the Bronze Age have been studied in this research. These sites were identified in the archaeological surveys of the upper and middle Atrak during the last decade. This study was done using the descriptive-analytic method. GIS and SPSS software and Correlation and Cluster analysis methods were used for data analysis. The settlement pattern in the upper and middle Atrak basin is similar. It consists of two-rank models with a large main site and several small sites around it. The results of this study indicate that due to the lack of water resources in the region, access to constant water resources has been an essential factor in the shaping of Bronze-Age settlements. Most sites were also formed during the early Bronze Age, and we also faced a decrease in the number of sites in the middle and late Bronze Ages.","PeriodicalId":169679,"journal":{"name":"Cercetări Arheologice","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125140096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study elaborates on an ampulla found in Church B in Andriake harbor. Church B, one of the six churches in Andriake, was built in the early 5th century AD and was in use until the early 7th century. There is a depiction of Saint Menas in the gesture of orans on both sides of the ampulla, which was found in the church during the excavation between 2011-2013. Additionally, on both sides of Menas, there are camels bent over on his feet. The ampulla, thought to have been produced in the Saint Menas sanctuary, is dated to the early 7th century AD. Saint Menas is one of the military saints born to an Egyptian Christian family. After declaring that he was a Christian, he was executed and killed, and his lifeless body was tried to be burned in the fire. His body, saved from the fire by the believers of Menas, was taken to Egypt and buried in Abu Mina in the Mareotis Region. A large church dedicated to the saint was built in Abu Mina in the 4th century AD. After Abu Mina became a complex city, ampullae with depictions of Saint Menas were crafted there. These ampullae were taken to their destinations by those who came to the saint’s church to fulfill their sacred pilgrimage, by putting holy water and oil, which are believed to heal their inner world. The ampulla found in Andriake must have been brought to Andriake by someone from Myra who went to Abu Mina for a holy pilgrimage.
{"title":"A late roman Ampulla with the depiction of Saint Menas from Andriake Church B","authors":"Cüneyt Öz","doi":"10.46535/ca.30.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study elaborates on an ampulla found in Church B in Andriake harbor. Church B, one of the six churches in Andriake, was built in the early 5th century AD and was in use until the early 7th century. There is a depiction of Saint Menas in the gesture of orans on both sides of the ampulla, which was found in the church during the excavation between 2011-2013. Additionally, on both sides of Menas, there are camels bent over on his feet. The ampulla, thought to have been produced in the Saint Menas sanctuary, is dated to the early 7th century AD. Saint Menas is one of the military saints born to an Egyptian Christian family. After declaring that he was a Christian, he was executed and killed, and his lifeless body was tried to be burned in the fire. His body, saved from the fire by the believers of Menas, was taken to Egypt and buried in Abu Mina in the Mareotis Region. A large church dedicated to the saint was built in Abu Mina in the 4th century AD. After Abu Mina became a complex city, ampullae with depictions of Saint Menas were crafted there. These ampullae were taken to their destinations by those who came to the saint’s church to fulfill their sacred pilgrimage, by putting holy water and oil, which are believed to heal their inner world. The ampulla found in Andriake must have been brought to Andriake by someone from Myra who went to Abu Mina for a holy pilgrimage.","PeriodicalId":169679,"journal":{"name":"Cercetări Arheologice","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124068159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primele informații cu privire la prezența castrului roman de la Sutor (jud. Sălaj) și a așezării civile adiacente au fost înregistrate în timpul celei de-a doua jumătăți a sec. al XIX-lea. Cu privire la trupa militară staționată aici s-au emis mai multe opinii și întregiri diverse, dar varianta general acceptată până în momentul de față în literatura de specialitate este cea propusă de C. Daicoviciu, care propunea drept întregire formula N(umerus) M(aurorum) O(ptatianensium). Primele cercetări arheologice sistematice desfășurate în cadrul sitului au fost realizate în anul 2001 și începând din acel moment, au continuat cu anumite întreruperi până în prezent. Cu toate acestea, săpăturile arheologice ocazionate de lucrările de infrastructură desfășurate recent în zonă au adus noi informații referitoare la cronologia sitului și la funcția pe care Optatiana o avea în cadrul provinciei Dacia Porolissensis. În mod evident elementul central al așezării este reprezentat de cele două drumuri care se intersectează în imediata vecinătate a vicus-ului. Prezența așezării la intersecția unor importante rute din cadrul provinciei trebuie să fi contribuit decisiv la dezvoltarea economică a așezării, amplasarea aici a castrului de la Sutor nefiind deloc întâmplătoare. Pe lângă funcția principală de a supraveghea intersecția și de a controla tranzitul de pe cele două artere rutiere, situl de la Sutor s-a constituit într-un important hub logistic și centru economic prosper, natura structurilor identificate aici dar și orientarea lor față de cele două drumuri reușind să dea vicus-ului un aspect quasi-urban.
{"title":"Cercetări arheologice din vicus-ul de la Sutor. Campania 2022","authors":"S. Socaciu, Vlad-Andrei Lăzărescu, S. Cociș","doi":"10.46535/ca.30.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Primele informații cu privire la prezența castrului roman de la Sutor (jud. Sălaj) și a așezării civile adiacente au fost înregistrate în timpul celei de-a doua jumătăți a sec. al XIX-lea. Cu privire la trupa militară staționată aici s-au emis mai multe opinii și întregiri diverse, dar varianta general acceptată până în momentul de față în literatura de specialitate este cea propusă de C. Daicoviciu, care propunea drept întregire formula N(umerus) M(aurorum) O(ptatianensium). Primele cercetări arheologice sistematice desfășurate în cadrul sitului au fost realizate în anul 2001 și începând din acel moment, au continuat cu anumite întreruperi până în prezent. Cu toate acestea, săpăturile arheologice ocazionate de lucrările de infrastructură desfășurate recent în zonă au adus noi informații referitoare la cronologia sitului și la funcția pe care Optatiana o avea în cadrul provinciei Dacia Porolissensis. În mod evident elementul central al așezării este reprezentat de cele două drumuri care se intersectează în imediata vecinătate a vicus-ului. Prezența așezării la intersecția unor importante rute din cadrul provinciei trebuie să fi contribuit decisiv la dezvoltarea economică a așezării, amplasarea aici a castrului de la Sutor nefiind deloc întâmplătoare. Pe lângă funcția principală de a supraveghea intersecția și de a controla tranzitul de pe cele două artere rutiere, situl de la Sutor s-a constituit într-un important hub logistic și centru economic prosper, natura structurilor identificate aici dar și orientarea lor față de cele două drumuri reușind să dea vicus-ului un aspect quasi-urban.","PeriodicalId":169679,"journal":{"name":"Cercetări Arheologice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122864074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Castrul legiunii V Macedonica de la Potaissa a funcționat din jurul anului 170 d. Hr. până la retragerea romană din Dacia sub Gallienus sau Aurelian. Cercetările arheologice începute în 1971 au continuat fără întrerupere până în 2016. Au fost cercetate exhaustiv și publicate edificiul comandamentului (principia) și băile legiunii (thermae). Au fost investigate elementele defensive, poarta vestică (porta decumana), bastionul dn colțul nord-vestic al castrului, drumurile; au fost cercetate parțial cazărmile unor cohortes quingenariae din praetentura sinistra, praetentura dextra și latus praetorii sinistrum, ca și complexul de horrea și palaestra. Toate rezultatele acestor cercetări au fost publicate. Prezentul articol înfățișează cercetările nepublicate din anii 1987-1992 și 2011. La vest de principia săpăturile n-au identificat nici o construcție (fig. 1-2). În retentura sinistra (fig. 3, 4 a-e) și în retentura dextra (fig. 5-6) au fost cercetate parțial cazărmile unor cohortes quingenariae. Cercetări parțiale s-au efectuat și la cohors miliaria din latus praetorii dextrum. Din cercetările de până acum și după spațiul pe care-l ocupă (132 x 107 m), prima cohortă a legiunii pare să fi avut opt șiruri de contubernia dispuse în patru grupuri de câte două (C 1 – C 8, fig. 1, 7-9). Șirul de contubernia 4, mai complet cercetat, avea 12 încăperi. La est de contubernia, spre via principalis, se află opt spații (Sp. 1 – Sp. 8) cu rost neclar (locuințele centurionilor ori ale tribunilor ?, fig. 10). În Sp. 1, o suprafață pavată cu cărămizi (fig. 4 f-g) ar putea indica o latrină (?). Nu știm cum se dispuneau cele cinci centurii ale cohortei I în cele opt șiruri de contubernia. În castrul de la Potaissa soldații din cohors miliaria aveau la dispoziție un spațiu de cca 4.600 m2, pe când cei dintr-o cohors quingenaria aveau doar 2.100 – 2.500 m2. Cu acest articol se încheie prezentarea tuturor săpăturilor arheologice desfășurate până acum în castrul legionar de la Potaissa.
{"title":"Cercetări inedite în castrul legionar din Potaissa (1987-1992, 2011)","authors":"M. Bărbulescu","doi":"10.46535/ca.30.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Castrul legiunii V Macedonica de la Potaissa a funcționat din jurul anului 170 d. Hr. până la retragerea romană din Dacia sub Gallienus sau Aurelian. Cercetările arheologice începute în 1971 au continuat fără întrerupere până în 2016. Au fost cercetate exhaustiv și publicate edificiul comandamentului (principia) și băile legiunii (thermae). Au fost investigate elementele defensive, poarta vestică (porta decumana), bastionul dn colțul nord-vestic al castrului, drumurile; au fost cercetate parțial cazărmile unor cohortes quingenariae din praetentura sinistra, praetentura dextra și latus praetorii sinistrum, ca și complexul de horrea și palaestra. Toate rezultatele acestor cercetări au fost publicate. Prezentul articol înfățișează cercetările nepublicate din anii 1987-1992 și 2011. La vest de principia săpăturile n-au identificat nici o construcție (fig. 1-2). În retentura sinistra (fig. 3, 4 a-e) și în retentura dextra (fig. 5-6) au fost cercetate parțial cazărmile unor cohortes quingenariae. Cercetări parțiale s-au efectuat și la cohors miliaria din latus praetorii dextrum. Din cercetările de până acum și după spațiul pe care-l ocupă (132 x 107 m), prima cohortă a legiunii pare să fi avut opt șiruri de contubernia dispuse în patru grupuri de câte două (C 1 – C 8, fig. 1, 7-9). Șirul de contubernia 4, mai complet cercetat, avea 12 încăperi. La est de contubernia, spre via principalis, se află opt spații (Sp. 1 – Sp. 8) cu rost neclar (locuințele centurionilor ori ale tribunilor ?, fig. 10). În Sp. 1, o suprafață pavată cu cărămizi (fig. 4 f-g) ar putea indica o latrină (?). Nu știm cum se dispuneau cele cinci centurii ale cohortei I în cele opt șiruri de contubernia. În castrul de la Potaissa soldații din cohors miliaria aveau la dispoziție un spațiu de cca 4.600 m2, pe când cei dintr-o cohors quingenaria aveau doar 2.100 – 2.500 m2. Cu acest articol se încheie prezentarea tuturor săpăturilor arheologice desfășurate până acum în castrul legionar de la Potaissa.","PeriodicalId":169679,"journal":{"name":"Cercetări Arheologice","volume":"33 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131573641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victor Bunoiu, Florian Matei-Popescu, Gavril Eugen Văcuță
Construirea Podului lui Traian de la Drobeta s-a petrecut, după Cassius Dio (LXVIII 13, 1-6), îndată după încheierea păcii din 102 p. Chr. La construirea podului, au luat parte detaşamente din legiunile V Macedonica, VII Claudia, XIII Gemina, precum şi din cohortele I Cretum, II Hispanorum (scutata Cyrenaica) şi III Brittonum veterana, conform descoperirilor de ştampile tegulare (IDR II 99-105). În colecția de Arheologie a Muzeului Regiunii Porților de Fier se găsesc o serie de cărămizi ștampilate identificate în cursul cercetărilor arheologice efectuate la pilele Podului lui Traian de la Drobeta. Totodată, lucrările de restaurare desfășurate la Podul lui Traian în perioada 2020-2021 au scos la iveală informații noi privind unitățile militare care au contribuit la construirea podului.
{"title":"Noi cărămizi ștampilate ale legiunii VII Claudia pia fidelis din Podul lui Traian de la Drobeta","authors":"Victor Bunoiu, Florian Matei-Popescu, Gavril Eugen Văcuță","doi":"10.46535/ca.30.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Construirea Podului lui Traian de la Drobeta s-a petrecut, după Cassius Dio (LXVIII 13, 1-6), îndată după încheierea păcii din 102 p. Chr. La construirea podului, au luat parte detaşamente din legiunile V Macedonica, VII Claudia, XIII Gemina, precum şi din cohortele I Cretum, II Hispanorum (scutata Cyrenaica) şi III Brittonum veterana, conform descoperirilor de ştampile tegulare (IDR II 99-105). În colecția de Arheologie a Muzeului Regiunii Porților de Fier se găsesc o serie de cărămizi ștampilate identificate în cursul cercetărilor arheologice efectuate la pilele Podului lui Traian de la Drobeta. Totodată, lucrările de restaurare desfășurate la Podul lui Traian în perioada 2020-2021 au scos la iveală informații noi privind unitățile militare care au contribuit la construirea podului.","PeriodicalId":169679,"journal":{"name":"Cercetări Arheologice","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132899228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Late Roman principia from Capidava was built at the end of the 3rd - beginning of the 4th century, most likely during the general reconstruction (phase II) of the fort, as a result of the bellum Scythicum. The building was fully excavated in successive campaigns between 2013-2019. This paper is a follow-up to an initial article, published in 2017, dealing with the fine pottery finds discovered during the 2013-2014 campaigns. In what follows, we will focus on the same category of finds, resulting from the systematic excavation during the 2016 campaign. The 66 items in our catalogue belong to six different classes: African Red Slip Ware, Late Roman C / Phocean Ware, Pontic Sigillata Ware, Early Pontic Red Slip Ware, Pontic Red Slip Ware and Late Roman Light Colored Ware. Within each class our objects have been divided into several types and sub-types according to the extensive existing bibliography. The high degree of fragmentation of the vessels is also the result of the overlap of the living in the building with the semi-deep dwellings built in the final so-called Middle Byzantine period (9th – 11th centuries).
{"title":"Fine wares from the Late Roman ‘Principia’at Capidava (ii)","authors":"A. Ratiu, I. Opriş, Mihai Duca","doi":"10.46535/ca.30.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The Late Roman principia from Capidava was built at the end of the 3rd - beginning of the 4th century, most likely during the general reconstruction (phase II) of the fort, as a result of the bellum Scythicum. The building was fully excavated in successive campaigns between 2013-2019. This paper is a follow-up to an initial article, published in 2017, dealing with the fine pottery finds discovered during the 2013-2014 campaigns. In what follows, we will focus on the same category of finds, resulting from the systematic excavation during the 2016 campaign. The 66 items in our catalogue belong to six different classes: African Red Slip Ware, Late Roman C / Phocean Ware, Pontic Sigillata Ware, Early Pontic Red Slip Ware, Pontic Red Slip Ware and Late Roman Light Colored Ware. Within each class our objects have been divided into several types and sub-types according to the extensive existing bibliography. The high degree of fragmentation of the vessels is also the result of the overlap of the living in the building with the semi-deep dwellings built in the final so-called Middle Byzantine period (9th – 11th centuries).","PeriodicalId":169679,"journal":{"name":"Cercetări Arheologice","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132296303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this brief paper, we focus on the monument of C. Memmius and its inscription in Ephesus in western Turkey. C. Memmius was the grandson of Sulla and was mentioned in the inscription of this Ephesian monument as the epigraph of the dedicatee. After discussing the monument’s function, dating and inscription from different perspectives, in the concluding part, we refer to the positive memory of Sulla in Asia Minor, especially in Ephesus.
{"title":"The memory of Sulla in Ephesus","authors":"E. Laflı, Maurizio Buora","doi":"10.46535/ca.30.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief paper, we focus on the monument of C. Memmius and its inscription in Ephesus in western Turkey. C. Memmius was the grandson of Sulla and was mentioned in the inscription of this Ephesian monument as the epigraph of the dedicatee. After discussing the monument’s function, dating and inscription from different perspectives, in the concluding part, we refer to the positive memory of Sulla in Asia Minor, especially in Ephesus.","PeriodicalId":169679,"journal":{"name":"Cercetări Arheologice","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115070457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Semiran city-castle consists of a series of monuments dated in the 10th century AD1, located on the banks of the Qezel Owzan River, in north-western Iran. On this river, Sefid-rud Dam has been built (1956-1962), behind which a lake has developed. At the time of its dewatering, it turned the Semiran landscape into a peninsula, causing significant damage to the ancient sites. The following study presents the results of an archaeological survey, made in 2016, which recorded the actual conservation state and structural features of the surviving monuments. Semiran Castle consists of the remains of a castle and of several mausoleums established on the surrounding hills (four mausoleums on the highest part of the hill), with the same design as a barbican, some scattered enclosures, as well as the domed monument of Imāmzādeh Qasem, which is later. The Sallarids dynasty who had captured the Tarom region and lasted from about 917 to the middle of the 10th century AD, built mausoleums for themselves. In the early 10th century, the Sallarids captured the mountain castle of Semiran, from where they subsequently reached Tarom. This dynasty has been called by different names such as Mosaferian, Kangriyan, Langarian, Solarian, and Sallarids. Tarom was the capital of the dynasty. The rule of its monarchs, however, in different periods went beyond the Tarom region, and included parts of Deylaman as well as Gilan. The head of the Mosaferian dynasty, Muhammad Ibn Musafer, had made this castle his base. The castle had several houses as well as summerhouses and was magnificent. As the discussed region enjoys a special crossroad position, it has always been among the most important and influential routes of cultural exchanges and developments at the regional, national, and international levels. In July 2016, a survey was conducted in the north and northwest of the city-castle site in order to identify and record possible paths and structures that remained visible. Three defensive baileys, three cemeteries, a barrel-drain ceramic path, and a round stone barbican were identified during this study. The archaeological study of this city-castle revealed its growth and development in the early Islamic centuries.
{"title":"The study and analysis of Semiran City-Castle based on the results of archaeological surveys","authors":"A. Rostami, Araz Najafi, Farzad Mafi","doi":"10.46535/ca.30.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Semiran city-castle consists of a series of monuments dated in the 10th century AD1, located on the banks of the Qezel Owzan River, in north-western Iran. On this river, Sefid-rud Dam has been built (1956-1962), behind which a lake has developed. At the time of its dewatering, it turned the Semiran landscape into a peninsula, causing significant damage to the ancient sites. The following study presents the results of an archaeological survey, made in 2016, which recorded the actual conservation state and structural features of the surviving monuments. Semiran Castle consists of the remains of a castle and of several mausoleums established on the surrounding hills (four mausoleums on the highest part of the hill), with the same design as a barbican, some scattered enclosures, as well as the domed monument of Imāmzādeh Qasem, which is later. The Sallarids dynasty who had captured the Tarom region and lasted from about 917 to the middle of the 10th century AD, built mausoleums for themselves. In the early 10th century, the Sallarids captured the mountain castle of Semiran, from where they subsequently reached Tarom. This dynasty has been called by different names such as Mosaferian, Kangriyan, Langarian, Solarian, and Sallarids. Tarom was the capital of the dynasty. The rule of its monarchs, however, in different periods went beyond the Tarom region, and included parts of Deylaman as well as Gilan. The head of the Mosaferian dynasty, Muhammad Ibn Musafer, had made this castle his base. The castle had several houses as well as summerhouses and was magnificent. As the discussed region enjoys a special crossroad position, it has always been among the most important and influential routes of cultural exchanges and developments at the regional, national, and international levels. In July 2016, a survey was conducted in the north and northwest of the city-castle site in order to identify and record possible paths and structures that remained visible. Three defensive baileys, three cemeteries, a barrel-drain ceramic path, and a round stone barbican were identified during this study. The archaeological study of this city-castle revealed its growth and development in the early Islamic centuries.","PeriodicalId":169679,"journal":{"name":"Cercetări Arheologice","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125330072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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