The study attempts to understand students' apprehensions, satisfaction, and experience concerning online hospitality and tourism education (HTE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focused group discussions were conducted to gather student experiences implementing ICT in hospitality and tourism education. The group discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in search of themes to identify and validate the constructs to develop the questionnaire for the study. The questionnaire was then presented before the subject experts to cross-check the validity of constructs. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was used to determine students' satisfaction by comparing students' perceptions to students' expectations. The study's findings show the importance of practical classes and labs and on-site instructor comments on students' overall satisfaction. Online teaching can complement traditional classroom teaching but cannot fully replace lab sessions with instructor feedback. Transitioning to an online platform requires effective tools and curriculum modifications to fill the gap in industry expectations regarding student employability. Online teaching has immense capability, but it cannot be generalized and requires subject-specific attention and feedback. Online education needs to keep evolving alongside contemporary classroom teaching to meet student expectations. Future research would concentrate on communication, interpersonal, and technology skills and their effect on the study's results.
{"title":"Online Hospitality and Tourism Education","authors":"Shweta Chandra, Aditya Ranjan, N. Chowdhary","doi":"10.37741/t.70.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The study attempts to understand students' apprehensions, satisfaction, and experience concerning online hospitality and tourism education (HTE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focused group discussions were conducted to gather student experiences implementing ICT in hospitality and tourism education. The group discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in search of themes to identify and validate the constructs to develop the questionnaire for the study. The questionnaire was then presented before the subject experts to cross-check the validity of constructs. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was used to determine students' satisfaction by comparing students' perceptions to students' expectations. The study's findings show the importance of practical classes and labs and on-site instructor comments on students' overall satisfaction. Online teaching can complement traditional classroom teaching but cannot fully replace lab sessions with instructor feedback. Transitioning to an online platform requires effective tools and curriculum modifications to fill the gap in industry expectations regarding student employability. Online teaching has immense capability, but it cannot be generalized and requires subject-specific attention and feedback. Online education needs to keep evolving alongside contemporary classroom teaching to meet student expectations. Future research would concentrate on communication, interpersonal, and technology skills and their effect on the study's results.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45540428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines changes in restaurant customers' quality expectations prior to and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to investigate if and how restaurant customers' quality expectations have changed during the pandemic. In addition, the present research also aims to determine which marketing (7P) quality dimensions will best explain customers' expectations in the post-COVID era. With a snowball sampling method, a total of 421 valid online questionnaires were obtained. The structured questionnaire included 42 marketing quality indicators belonging to the seven marketing dimensions. In addition, exploratory factor analyses and a sign test were used to assess differences in quality expectations. Results indicate statistically significant differences in customers' quality expectations before and after the pandemic. Four factors (Product-Physical Evidence, Promotion, People, and Price) best explained customers' expectations before and five factors (Product-Physical Evidence, Placement-Promotion, People, Price, and Processes) after the crisis. This paper contributes to the marketing and restaurant management literature by providing a detailed understanding of the importance of the different marketing indicators before and after the crisis. By applying a 7P research concept, we have also facilitated an international benchmarking process. The conclusion provides suggestions for future research directions and information for restaurant managers.
{"title":"Restaurant Customers' Quality Expectations","authors":"Sasa Planinc, Marko Kukanja","doi":"10.37741/t.70.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines changes in restaurant customers' quality expectations prior to and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to investigate if and how restaurant customers' quality expectations have changed during the pandemic. In addition, the present research also aims to determine which marketing (7P) quality dimensions will best explain customers' expectations in the post-COVID era. With a snowball sampling method, a total of 421 valid online questionnaires were obtained. The structured questionnaire included 42 marketing quality indicators belonging to the seven marketing dimensions. In addition, exploratory factor analyses and a sign test were used to assess differences in quality expectations. Results indicate statistically significant differences in customers' quality expectations before and after the pandemic. Four factors (Product-Physical Evidence, Promotion, People, and Price) best explained customers' expectations before and five factors (Product-Physical Evidence, Placement-Promotion, People, Price, and Processes) after the crisis. This paper contributes to the marketing and restaurant management literature by providing a detailed understanding of the importance of the different marketing indicators before and after the crisis. By applying a 7P research concept, we have also facilitated an international benchmarking process. The conclusion provides suggestions for future research directions and information for restaurant managers.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42215931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aimed to determine student and industry perceptions of industry engagement in tourism and hospitality studies in South Africa. The study applied a mixed methodology to ascertain these perceptions to determine how industry engagement can be enhanced in order to produce work-ready, employable and entrepreneurial graduates, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on 420 valid surveys conducted with students across six universities, the key findings suggest that students perceive that their universities sufficiently and effectively provide them with the necessary soft skills, practical skills, creativity skills, and personal responsibility tools through industry engagement activities. Respondents agreed that universities are actively preparing tourism and hospitality students for the world of work and assisting them with career development through industry engagement. The study concludes that the benefits of industry engagement for students include inter alia academic progress, personal development, career planning and workplace exposure, as well as the development of key skills and competencies.
{"title":"Perceptions of Industry Engagement in Tourism and Hospitality Studies in South Africa","authors":"T. Daniels, T. Tichaawa, D. Abrahams","doi":"10.37741/t.70.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to determine student and industry perceptions of industry engagement in tourism and hospitality studies in South Africa. The study applied a mixed methodology to ascertain these perceptions to determine how industry engagement can be enhanced in order to produce work-ready, employable and entrepreneurial graduates, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on 420 valid surveys conducted with students across six universities, the key findings suggest that students perceive that their universities sufficiently and effectively provide them with the necessary soft skills, practical skills, creativity skills, and personal responsibility tools through industry engagement activities. Respondents agreed that universities are actively preparing tourism and hospitality students for the world of work and assisting them with career development through industry engagement. The study concludes that the benefits of industry engagement for students include inter alia academic progress, personal development, career planning and workplace exposure, as well as the development of key skills and competencies.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43683469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines Ajzen’s extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework and predicts young customers’ green hotel visit intentions. The proposed model fit was scrutinized using Smart-PLS on primary source data from 219 respondents. The results show that ecological concern is an important predictor of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. According to empirical findings, the green hotel image significantly moderates the relationship between TPB and visit intention. The findings support the extended TPB framework in predicting young consumers’ intention to visit green hotels in the context of young Indonesian consumers, as it has amplified the conceptual model’s predictive power. This study plays an essential role in expanding the perception of green hotel image as a critical factor in young consumer visit intention through a rigorous conceptual model and empirical research.
{"title":"Green Hotel Visit Intention and the Role of Ecological Concern Among Young Tourists in Indonesia","authors":"Mugiarti Mugiarti, W. R. Adawiyah, Rahab Rahab","doi":"10.37741/t.70.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines Ajzen’s extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework and predicts young customers’ green hotel visit intentions. The proposed model fit was scrutinized using Smart-PLS on primary source data from 219 respondents. The results show that ecological concern is an important predictor of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. According to empirical findings, the green hotel image significantly moderates the relationship between TPB and visit intention. The findings support the extended TPB framework in predicting young consumers’ intention to visit green hotels in the context of young Indonesian consumers, as it has amplified the conceptual model’s predictive power. This study plays an essential role in expanding the perception of green hotel image as a critical factor in young consumer visit intention through a rigorous conceptual model and empirical research.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41810252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to explore the linkages between self-help groups (SHGs) and destination sustainability. These linkages, examined through literature review, interview, and observation methodology to explore these linkages. The study observed that the impact of SHGs on tourist destinations could be assessed as changes due to their intervention in destination areas following Input-Output- Outcome Model. The community-level sustainability initiatives are construed as input variables; the result of initiatives is considered output, and the subsequent changes in the area as outcome variables. The study assumes significance in assessing the impact of community intervention based on local action initiated through SHGs with outcome variables generated from the locality concerned. Further, the study gives a more holistic approach to understanding the intervention strategies of SHGs pivoting around the coexistence of good guest-host relationships in tourism.
{"title":"Case Study on Self-Help Groups Intervention and Destination Sustainability in Kerala","authors":"A. Vinodan, S. Meera","doi":"10.37741/t.70.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to explore the linkages between self-help groups (SHGs) and destination sustainability. These linkages, examined through literature review, interview, and observation methodology to explore these linkages. The study observed that the impact of SHGs on tourist destinations could be assessed as changes due to their intervention in destination areas following Input-Output- Outcome Model. The community-level sustainability initiatives are construed as input variables; the result of initiatives is considered output, and the subsequent changes in the area as outcome variables. The study assumes significance in assessing the impact of community intervention based on local action initiated through SHGs with outcome variables generated from the locality concerned. Further, the study gives a more holistic approach to understanding the intervention strategies of SHGs pivoting around the coexistence of good guest-host relationships in tourism.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47482777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angela G. Sebby, Kenneth Jordan, Prawannarat Brewer
Travel aggregator websites empower vacation planners to efficiently match their travel-specific needs with tourism suppliers. Prominent in communication studies, limited aggregator website research has been conducted in examining vacation planners’ usage behavior with travel aggregators. Particularly relevant during the travel and tourism restrictions midst COVID-19, this study extends the Information Needs Model by recognizing the broadened role travel aggregator websites play in the decision-making process of vacation planning. This research explores how leisure planners utilized travel aggregators when travel restrictions and mandates were employed and then rescinded the following year. Travel aggregation websites’ functionality was analyzed via vacation planners who use these websites. The online survey addressed: website functionality, demographics, perceived needs of leisure travelers, motivation for travel information sharing, and security concerns during COVID-19. Items addressed were personalization, needs, and satisfaction per demographics. This research provides recommendations to help travel aggregation websites, marketers, and tourism organizations adapt travel aggregation websites’ search functionality and customize content post-pandemic to create a more consumer-focused approach.
{"title":"Travel Decisions","authors":"Angela G. Sebby, Kenneth Jordan, Prawannarat Brewer","doi":"10.37741/t.70.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Travel aggregator websites empower vacation planners to efficiently match their travel-specific needs with tourism suppliers. Prominent in communication studies, limited aggregator website research has been conducted in examining vacation planners’ usage behavior with travel aggregators. Particularly relevant during the travel and tourism restrictions midst COVID-19, this study extends the Information Needs Model by recognizing the broadened role travel aggregator websites play in the decision-making process of vacation planning. This research explores how leisure planners utilized travel aggregators when travel restrictions and mandates were employed and then rescinded the following year. Travel aggregation websites’ functionality was analyzed via vacation planners who use these websites. The online survey addressed: website functionality, demographics, perceived needs of leisure travelers, motivation for travel information sharing, and security concerns during COVID-19. Items addressed were personalization, needs, and satisfaction per demographics. This research provides recommendations to help travel aggregation websites, marketers, and tourism organizations adapt travel aggregation websites’ search functionality and customize content post-pandemic to create a more consumer-focused approach.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45720613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is reasonable to state that the impact on Thailand’s economy has been severe due to the lack of international tourists. In particular, the mass-tourist destination Phuket has suffered economic consequences due to a plunge in the number of international passenger arrivals and inadequate domestic tourists to fill their places. This paper aims to identify inadequacies to help stakeholders more effectively manage tourism development amid COVID-19, as well as to contribute to the body of knowledge and establish a baseline that recommends a potential area of interest for future quantitative research. This case study utilizes a variety of primary and secondary data sources. The empirical data for this study were collected through a series of semi-structured interviews with local small business owners. After a rigorous review process, a total of 21 in-depth interviews were included in the content analysis. This research not only disclosed a high level of resilience amongst the small local business owner community but revealed that Phuket continues to depend strongly on international tourism to manage its local economy sustainably. This research offers insights into the recent tourism developments during the COVID-19 global pandemic and provides a baseline for future studies that seek to validate results through quantitative methods of inquiry. Furthermore, it offers guidance for policymakers that seek recommendations for implementing good governance strategies.
{"title":"Small Tourism Businesses Adapting to the New Normal","authors":"K. Fuchs","doi":"10.37741/t.70.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"It is reasonable to state that the impact on Thailand’s economy has been severe due to the lack of international tourists. In particular, the mass-tourist destination Phuket has suffered economic consequences due to a plunge in the number of international passenger arrivals and inadequate domestic tourists to fill their places. This paper aims to identify inadequacies to help stakeholders more effectively manage tourism development amid COVID-19, as well as to contribute to the body of knowledge and establish a baseline that recommends a potential area of interest for future quantitative research. This case study utilizes a variety of primary and secondary data sources. The empirical data for this study were collected through a series of semi-structured interviews with local small business owners. After a rigorous review process, a total of 21 in-depth interviews were included in the content analysis. This research not only disclosed a high level of resilience amongst the small local business owner community but revealed that Phuket continues to depend strongly on international tourism to manage its local economy sustainably. This research offers insights into the recent tourism developments during the COVID-19 global pandemic and provides a baseline for future studies that seek to validate results through quantitative methods of inquiry. Furthermore, it offers guidance for policymakers that seek recommendations for implementing good governance strategies.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46138508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanaz Shafiee, Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari, A. Hasanzadeh, Saeed Jahanyan
Given the fact that tourism is an important sector of many national economies, it is very essential to examine the factors which can help develop successful and smart tourism experiences. The importance of developing tourism destinations through smart technologies as a strategic tool to develop tourism has persuaded many countries to explore the implementation of these destinations, their models, components, and policies. The present study proposed a model for developing online tourism services in smart tourism destinations. The model was analyzed via structural equation modeling using SPSS (version 20) and Lisrel (version 8.8). The data analysis identified 21 components in six major dimensions which can affect smart tourism development: online content quality, access to interactive online services, end-user internet service, demand for online services, the utilization rate of location-based services, and level of online services. The identified factors can help researchers gain a better understanding of the factors affecting the development of smart destinations and recognize their importance and their degree of influence and power. It is recommended that more attention be paid to improving the quality of services provided to tourists for developing smart destinations.
{"title":"A Study of Online Tourism Services in Iran","authors":"Sanaz Shafiee, Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari, A. Hasanzadeh, Saeed Jahanyan","doi":"10.37741/t.70.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Given the fact that tourism\u0000is an important sector of many national economies, it is very essential to examine the\u0000factors which can help develop successful and smart tourism experiences. The importance\u0000of developing tourism destinations through smart technologies as a strategic\u0000tool to develop tourism has persuaded many countries to explore the\u0000implementation of these destinations, their models, components, and policies. The present study\u0000proposed a model for developing online tourism services in smart tourism\u0000destinations. The model was analyzed via structural equation modeling using\u0000SPSS (version 20) and Lisrel (version 8.8). The data analysis identified\u000021 components in six major dimensions which can affect smart\u0000tourism development: online content quality, access\u0000to interactive online services, end-user internet service,\u0000demand for online services, the utilization rate of location-based services, and level\u0000of online services. The identified\u0000factors can help researchers gain a better understanding of the factors\u0000affecting the development of smart destinations and recognize their importance\u0000and their degree of influence and power. It is recommended that more attention be paid to\u0000improving the quality of services provided to tourists for developing smart\u0000destinations.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48815141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. G. Girish, Choong‐Ki Lee, P. Shyju, Yae-Na Park
The study assesses the feasibility of vaccine tourism. Psychological factors, such as perceived stress and fear of COVID-19, were treated as the antecedents of the constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Data were collected from the respondents from India, and the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was employed for the analysis. Results reveal that perceived stress and fear of COVID-19 positively and significantly influence attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, subjective norms predominantly influence behavioral intention. Likewise, perceived behavioral control and attitude influence behavioral intention.
{"title":"Examining the Feasibility of Vaccine Tourism","authors":"V. G. Girish, Choong‐Ki Lee, P. Shyju, Yae-Na Park","doi":"10.37741/t.70.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study assesses the feasibility of vaccine tourism. Psychological factors, such as perceived stress and fear of COVID-19, were treated as the antecedents of the constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Data were collected from the respondents from India, and the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was employed for the analysis. Results reveal that perceived stress and fear of COVID-19 positively and significantly influence attitude, subjective norms, and\u0000perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, subjective norms predominantly influence behavioral intention. Likewise, perceived behavioral control and attitude influence behavioral intention.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42053989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the influence of tourism micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) business characteristics and liquidity and their managers’ demographic characteristics and expectations for assistance regarding crisis management practices (CMP) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted in the Republic of Slovenia, where the majority of businesses are classified as SMEs. This study focuses on tourist agencies, lodging, and food and beverage facilities. Overall, 572 valid online questionnaires have been obtained from SME managers. The research model included five research constructs: CMPs, SMEs business characteristics, liquidity, managers’ demographic characteristics, and their expectations for assistance. Results show that managers primarily rely on labour CMPs; liquidity, assistance from stakeholders, and governmental aid in dealing with the crisis. Results also indicate that SMEs’ business characteristics, managers’ demographic characteristics, and liquidity do not influence CMPs. The amount of provided governmental aid positively influences managers’ expectations for assistance from other stakeholders of the business ecosystem, while the amount of SMEs’ liquid assets negatively influences managers’ expectations for governmental aid. The use of selected indicators enables an internationally comparable benchmarking process and facilitates the improvement of crisis management in tourism SMEs. The conclusion provides recommendations and useful information for researchers, policymakers, and managers.
{"title":"Crisis Management Practices in Tourism SMEs During COVID-19","authors":"T. Planinc, Marko Kukanja, Marijana Sikošek","doi":"10.37741/t.70.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the\u0000influence of tourism micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs)\u0000business characteristics and liquidity and their managers’ demographic\u0000characteristics and expectations for assistance regarding crisis management\u0000practices (CMP) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted in the\u0000Republic of Slovenia, where the majority of businesses are classified as SMEs.\u0000This study focuses on tourist agencies, lodging, and food and beverage\u0000facilities. Overall, 572 valid online questionnaires have been obtained from\u0000SME managers. The research model included five research constructs: CMPs, SMEs\u0000business characteristics, liquidity, managers’ demographic characteristics, and\u0000their expectations for assistance. Results show that managers primarily rely on\u0000labour CMPs; liquidity, assistance from stakeholders, and governmental aid in\u0000dealing with the crisis. Results also indicate that SMEs’ business\u0000characteristics, managers’ demographic characteristics, and liquidity do not\u0000influence CMPs. The amount of provided governmental aid positively influences\u0000managers’ expectations for assistance from other stakeholders of the business\u0000ecosystem, while the amount of SMEs’ liquid assets negatively influences\u0000managers’ expectations for governmental aid. The use of selected indicators\u0000enables an internationally comparable benchmarking process and facilitates the\u0000improvement of crisis management in tourism SMEs. The conclusion provides\u0000recommendations and useful information for researchers, policymakers, and\u0000managers.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47955364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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