Pub Date : 2018-10-08DOI: 10.1036/1097-8542.574400
C. Steinmetz, Frederick Bedell
{"title":"Reactance","authors":"C. Steinmetz, Frederick Bedell","doi":"10.1036/1097-8542.574400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.574400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":238694,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123332407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-03DOI: 10.1109/9780470545591.ch16
J. Neher, H. Wallau
{"title":"Bus Protection","authors":"J. Neher, H. Wallau","doi":"10.1109/9780470545591.ch16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470545591.ch16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":238694,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"440 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116743217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-26DOI: 10.1109/t-aiee.1902.4764263
C. F. Scott
{"title":"The Engineer of the Twentieth Century","authors":"C. F. Scott","doi":"10.1109/t-aiee.1902.4764263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/t-aiee.1902.4764263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":238694,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125906570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-11DOI: 10.1109/t-aiee.1906.4764745
Edwin J. Prindle
There are many kinds of invention. The poet, the artist, the playwright, the novelist all exercise or may exercise invention in the production of their works. The merchant may exercise invention in the devising of a new method of selling goods. The department store was an invention of this class.
{"title":"The Art of Inventing","authors":"Edwin J. Prindle","doi":"10.1109/t-aiee.1906.4764745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/t-aiee.1906.4764745","url":null,"abstract":"There are many kinds of invention. The poet, the artist, the playwright, the novelist all exercise or may exercise invention in the production of their works. The merchant may exercise invention in the devising of a new method of selling goods. The department store was an invention of this class.","PeriodicalId":238694,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115280734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/t-aiee.1932.5056233
End Semester Ee
{"title":"Transmission and Distribution","authors":"End Semester Ee","doi":"10.1109/t-aiee.1932.5056233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/t-aiee.1932.5056233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":238694,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123512231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-26DOI: 10.1109/t-aiee.1935.5056976
R. H. Frazier, J. Eisler, W. P. Frantz
In this paper a circuit is described that holds the average speed of a d-c shunt-wound machine as constant as the standard reference used (for which the most precise standard known can be employed) and holds the instantaneous speed very close to standard speed if there are not sudden changes of load or applied voltage. The machine is positively indexed in phase with respect to the standard. In addition to its precision, the method is characterized by its simplicity and general applicability over a considerable part of the range of d-c machine speed and capacity.
{"title":"Precise Speed Control for D-C Machines","authors":"R. H. Frazier, J. Eisler, W. P. Frantz","doi":"10.1109/t-aiee.1935.5056976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/t-aiee.1935.5056976","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a circuit is described that holds the average speed of a d-c shunt-wound machine as constant as the standard reference used (for which the most precise standard known can be employed) and holds the instantaneous speed very close to standard speed if there are not sudden changes of load or applied voltage. The machine is positively indexed in phase with respect to the standard. In addition to its precision, the method is characterized by its simplicity and general applicability over a considerable part of the range of d-c machine speed and capacity.","PeriodicalId":238694,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125986791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-21DOI: 10.1109/t-aiee.1914.4765195
S. P. Farwell
This paper deals with an experimental investigation of the corona around small wires as produced by continuous potentials up to 15,000 volts. The continuous potentials were obtained from a series of 500-volt generators. The wire and coaxial cylinder method was employed for a number of experiments. Critical voltages and characteristic potential difference and current curves were obtained for different sized wires. The effect of lowering the pressure in the cylinder upon appearance of corona, critical voltage, and current, was studied. It was found that the appearance of the corona depended upon the polarity of the wire; positive polarity gave continuous glow, while discontinuous beaded appearance characterized the negative corona, the number of beads being a function of the pressure and the potential difference for a given size wire. A short arc in series affected the nature of the discharge by superimposing a high-frequency current upon the direct current. Characteristic curves were taken to show the effect of varying pressure, moisture and temperature. An increase of pressure inside the closed cylinder was produced by the application of a potential difference greater than the critical value; this increase is due to ionization. Corona in the case of parallel wires was studied by taking characteristic curves and exploring the field. Field exploration showed anode fall of potential greater than cathode. Corona accompanied by mechanical effects on wires: deflection on both wires and circular vibration of positive wire.
{"title":"The Corona Produced by Continuous Potentials","authors":"S. P. Farwell","doi":"10.1109/t-aiee.1914.4765195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/t-aiee.1914.4765195","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with an experimental investigation of the corona around small wires as produced by continuous potentials up to 15,000 volts. The continuous potentials were obtained from a series of 500-volt generators. The wire and coaxial cylinder method was employed for a number of experiments. Critical voltages and characteristic potential difference and current curves were obtained for different sized wires. The effect of lowering the pressure in the cylinder upon appearance of corona, critical voltage, and current, was studied. It was found that the appearance of the corona depended upon the polarity of the wire; positive polarity gave continuous glow, while discontinuous beaded appearance characterized the negative corona, the number of beads being a function of the pressure and the potential difference for a given size wire. A short arc in series affected the nature of the discharge by superimposing a high-frequency current upon the direct current. Characteristic curves were taken to show the effect of varying pressure, moisture and temperature. An increase of pressure inside the closed cylinder was produced by the application of a potential difference greater than the critical value; this increase is due to ionization. Corona in the case of parallel wires was studied by taking characteristic curves and exploring the field. Field exploration showed anode fall of potential greater than cathode. Corona accompanied by mechanical effects on wires: deflection on both wires and circular vibration of positive wire.","PeriodicalId":238694,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116158528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-02-11DOI: 10.1109/t-aiee.1891.5570149
N. Tesla
Nature has stored up in the universe infinite energy. The eternal recipient and transmitter of this infinite energy is the ether. The recognition of the existence of ether, and of the functions it performs, is one of the most important results of modern scientific research. The mere abandoning of the idea of action at a distance, the assumption of a medium pervading all space and connecting all gross matter, has freed the minds of thinkers of an ever present doubt, and, by opening a new horizon — new and unforeseen possibilities — has given fresh interest to phenomena with which T.ve are familiar of old. It has been a great step towards the understanding of the forces of nature and their multifold manifestations to our senses. It has been for the enlightened student of physics what the understanding of the mechanism of the firearm or of the steam engine is for the barbarian. Phenomena upon which we used to look as wonders baffling explanation, we now see in a different light. The spark of an induction coil, the glow of an incandescent lamp, the manifestations of the mechanical forces of currents and magnets are no longer beyond our grasp; instead of the incomprehensible, as before, their observation suggests now in our minds a simple mechanism, and although as to its precise nature all is still conjecture, yet we know .that the truth cannot be much longer hidden, and instinctively we feel that the understanding is dawning upon us. We still admire these beautiful phenomena, these strange forces, but we are helpless no longer; we can in a certain measure explain them, account for them, and we are hopeful of finally succeeding in unraveling the mystery which surrounds them.
{"title":"Experiments with Alternate Currents of Very High Frequency and their Application to Methods of Artificial Illumination","authors":"N. Tesla","doi":"10.1109/t-aiee.1891.5570149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/t-aiee.1891.5570149","url":null,"abstract":"Nature has stored up in the universe infinite energy. The eternal recipient and transmitter of this infinite energy is the ether. The recognition of the existence of ether, and of the functions it performs, is one of the most important results of modern scientific research. The mere abandoning of the idea of action at a distance, the assumption of a medium pervading all space and connecting all gross matter, has freed the minds of thinkers of an ever present doubt, and, by opening a new horizon — new and unforeseen possibilities — has given fresh interest to phenomena with which T.ve are familiar of old. It has been a great step towards the understanding of the forces of nature and their multifold manifestations to our senses. It has been for the enlightened student of physics what the understanding of the mechanism of the firearm or of the steam engine is for the barbarian. Phenomena upon which we used to look as wonders baffling explanation, we now see in a different light. The spark of an induction coil, the glow of an incandescent lamp, the manifestations of the mechanical forces of currents and magnets are no longer beyond our grasp; instead of the incomprehensible, as before, their observation suggests now in our minds a simple mechanism, and although as to its precise nature all is still conjecture, yet we know .that the truth cannot be much longer hidden, and instinctively we feel that the understanding is dawning upon us. We still admire these beautiful phenomena, these strange forces, but we are helpless no longer; we can in a certain measure explain them, account for them, and we are hopeful of finally succeeding in unraveling the mystery which surrounds them.","PeriodicalId":238694,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124145488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Searchlights have remained practically the same for the past 25 years, although there is great necessity of an improved searchlight on account of the increased range of torpedoes and increased speed of torpedo boats. The constituent parts of a searchlight are given in the paper and some of the essential and desirable features of the various parts are shown. Methods of testing searchlight mirrors are given, with illustrative figures. The results of tests conducted on Navy standard 36-in. and 60-in. searchlights and Beck 44-in. searchlight show the latter type to be much more efficient in illuminating distant objects. Relative results are shown in the figures.
{"title":"Searchlights","authors":"C. S. McDowell","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv264f8z1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv264f8z1.48","url":null,"abstract":"Searchlights have remained practically the same for the past 25 years, although there is great necessity of an improved searchlight on account of the increased range of torpedoes and increased speed of torpedo boats. The constituent parts of a searchlight are given in the paper and some of the essential and desirable features of the various parts are shown. Methods of testing searchlight mirrors are given, with illustrative figures. The results of tests conducted on Navy standard 36-in. and 60-in. searchlights and Beck 44-in. searchlight show the latter type to be much more efficient in illuminating distant objects. Relative results are shown in the figures.","PeriodicalId":238694,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114398709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-08-01DOI: 10.1109/jaiee.1925.6534260
Chester W. Rice, E. W. Kellogg
The paper describes a series of tests directed to the evolution of a loud speaker, free from resonance. Various types of sound source were tried. For the most part horns were aroided. Diaphragms, when employed, were either so light and stiff that their natural resonance was above the essential frequency range, or so flexible that their resonance was below the lowest important acoustic frequency. Best results were obtained with the latter type, and it is shown on theoretical grounds that a small diaphragm, the motion. of which is controlled by inertia only, and located in an opening in a large flat wall, will give an output sound pressure proportional to the actuating force, independent of frequency. It should be possible to make at ideal sound reproducer on this principle. A practical loud speaker which approximately fulfills the above conditions hats now been evolved. It contsists of a flexibly-supported paper cone actuated by a coil in a magnetic field and provided with a baffle. As coumpared with ordinary loud speakers, this instrument radiates much more of the low tones and more of the very high frequencies which makes for clearer articulation. The extension of the range of response of the loud speaker to higher and lower frequencies, makes defects in the remainder of the system more noticeable, particularly roughness and blasting due to overworked amplifiers. It is, therefore, important that the amplifier used with the new loud speaker be designed to have ample capacity.
{"title":"Notes on the Development of a New Type of Hornless Loud Speaker","authors":"Chester W. Rice, E. W. Kellogg","doi":"10.1109/jaiee.1925.6534260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jaiee.1925.6534260","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a series of tests directed to the evolution of a loud speaker, free from resonance. Various types of sound source were tried. For the most part horns were aroided. Diaphragms, when employed, were either so light and stiff that their natural resonance was above the essential frequency range, or so flexible that their resonance was below the lowest important acoustic frequency. Best results were obtained with the latter type, and it is shown on theoretical grounds that a small diaphragm, the motion. of which is controlled by inertia only, and located in an opening in a large flat wall, will give an output sound pressure proportional to the actuating force, independent of frequency. It should be possible to make at ideal sound reproducer on this principle. A practical loud speaker which approximately fulfills the above conditions hats now been evolved. It contsists of a flexibly-supported paper cone actuated by a coil in a magnetic field and provided with a baffle. As coumpared with ordinary loud speakers, this instrument radiates much more of the low tones and more of the very high frequencies which makes for clearer articulation. The extension of the range of response of the loud speaker to higher and lower frequencies, makes defects in the remainder of the system more noticeable, particularly roughness and blasting due to overworked amplifiers. It is, therefore, important that the amplifier used with the new loud speaker be designed to have ample capacity.","PeriodicalId":238694,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126270534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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