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‘Put it away! Put it away!’: Negotiating smartphone norms in performing arts “把它收起来!”把它收起来!:就表演艺术中的智能手机规范进行谈判
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251410967
Gunn Enli
This article examines the complex presence of smartphones during performances, focussing on how audiences, performers and managers navigate the tensions between digital connectivity and the need for immersive attention. Drawing on qualitative interviews with theatre professionals in Norway and ethnographic observations in Oslo, London and New York, the study demonstrates how social norms surrounding smartphone use are negotiated in different cultural contexts. The analysis highlights key tensions and dilemmas: audiences balance personal documentation with collective immersion, managers weigh promotional visibility against aesthetic disruption and performers experience interruptions that alter the sensory and affective dynamics of liveness. Extending Fischer-Lichte’s concept of the autopoietic feedback loop, the article proposes the concept of a ‘hybrid feedback loop’, in which audience responses circulate simultaneously through embodied co-presence and digitally mediated attention. This theoretical reframing captures how digital devices reconfigure the ecology of performance, reshaping how liveness is produced, perceived and policed in contemporary cultural institutions.
本文研究了智能手机在演出中的复杂存在,重点关注观众、表演者和经理如何在数字连接和身临其境的注意力需求之间寻找平衡点。通过对挪威戏剧专业人士的定性访谈和在奥斯陆、伦敦和纽约的人种学观察,该研究展示了在不同的文化背景下,围绕智能手机使用的社会规范是如何协商的。分析强调了关键的紧张关系和困境:观众在个人记录和集体沉浸之间取得平衡,管理人员在宣传可见性和审美中断之间进行权衡,表演者经历的中断改变了生活的感官和情感动态。本文扩展了Fischer-Lichte的自创生反馈回路概念,提出了“混合反馈回路”的概念,即观众的反应通过具体的共同存在和数字媒介的注意力同时循环。这种理论重构捕捉到了数字设备如何重新配置表演生态,重塑了当代文化机构中如何产生、感知和管理活力。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking interlevel experiments: no remainder from evidence for causal relations 重新思考层次间实验:因果关系证据无余数
IF 1.5 1区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-025-00714-9
Maria Şerban
This paper examines the transformation of Craver’s (2009) mutual manipulability (MM) account into the matched interlevel experiments (MIE) framework (Craver et al., 2021) and argues that it amounts to a theoretical reduction of mechanistic constitutive relations to causal mediation. While the MIE account successfully resolves the incoherence challenge that plagued MM, it does so by eliminating the distinctive theoretical content that constitutive categories were supposed to provide. The processual reframing that enables this solution replaces hierarchical part-whole relationships with temporal causal sequences, changing what mechanistic explanations are understood to accomplish. Drawing on paradigmatic action potential experiments, I demonstrate that practices satisfying MIE’s formal requirements consistently establish causal mediation relationships without requiring constitutive interpretation. I address several theoretical defenses of constitutive categories—including interpretive objections about two types of constitution, arguments for distinctive explanatory value, and appeals to mechanistic levels—showing that none can rescue constitutive distinctiveness once constitution is explicitly identified with causal betweenness. Rather than undermining mechanistic approaches, this analysis suggests that their explanatory power derives from methodological sophistication in investigating complex, multi-scale causal structures rather than from categorically distinct constitutive relationships.
本文考察了从Craver(2009)的互操作性(MM)理论到匹配层次间实验(MIE)框架的转变(Craver et al., 2021),并认为这相当于从理论上将机制本构关系简化为因果中介。虽然MIE解释成功地解决了困扰MM的不连贯挑战,但它是通过消除本构范畴应该提供的独特理论内容来实现的。使这种解决方案得以实现的过程重构用时间因果序列取代了层次结构的部分-整体关系,改变了人们对机械解释的理解。利用聚合动作电位实验,我证明了满足MIE形式要求的实践始终如一地建立因果中介关系,而不需要本构性解释。我提出了几个对构成范畴的理论辩护——包括对两种构成类型的解释性反对,对独特解释价值的论证,以及对机械层面的呼吁——表明一旦构成被明确地与因果关系联系起来,就没有人能挽救构成的独特性。这一分析并没有破坏机械方法,而是表明它们的解释力来自于研究复杂、多尺度因果结构的方法的复杂性,而不是来自于明确不同的构成关系。
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引用次数: 0
Developing intercultural language materials 开发跨文化语言材料
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/13670050.2026.2626777
Irvan Syahrizal
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引用次数: 0
Ethical aspects of the use of social robots in caring for older people - a systematic qualitative review. 使用社交机器人照顾老年人的伦理问题——一项系统的定性回顾。
IF 3.1 2区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-025-10313-3
Marianne Leineweber, Clara Victoria Keusgen, Marc Bubeck, Robert Ranisch, Joschka Haltaufderheide, Corinna Klingler

The use of social robotics in care for older persons is increasingly discussed as one way of meeting emerging care needs due to scarce resources. While many potential benefits are associated with robotic care technologies, there is a variety of ethical challenges. To support steps towards a responsible implementation and use, this review develops an overview on ethical aspects of the use of social robots in care for older people from a decision-makers' perspective. Electronic databases were queried using a comprehensive search strategy based on the key concepts of "ethical aspects", "social robotics" and "elderly care". Abstract and title screening was conducted by two authors independently. Full-text screening was conducted by one author following a joint consolidation phase. Data was extracted using MAXQDA24 by one author, based on a consolidated coding framework. Analysis was performed through modified qualitative content analysis. A total of 1,518 publications were screened, and 248 publications were included. We have organized our analysis in a scheme of ethical hazards, ethical opportunities and unsettled questions, identifying at least 60 broad ethical aspects affecting three different stakeholder groups. While some ethical issues are well-known and broadly discussed our analysis shows a plethora of potentially relevant aspects, often only marginally recognized, that are worthy of consideration from a practical perspective. The findings highlight the need for a contextual and detailed evaluation of implementation scenarios. To make use of the vast knowledge of the ethical discourse, we hypothesize that decision-makers need to understand the specific nature of this discourse to be able to engage in careful ethical deliberation.

由于资源稀缺,社会机器人在老年人护理中的使用越来越多地被讨论为满足新出现的护理需求的一种方式。虽然机器人护理技术有许多潜在的好处,但也存在各种各样的道德挑战。为了支持负责任的实施和使用,本综述从决策者的角度概述了在老年人护理中使用社交机器人的伦理方面。电子数据库的查询采用基于“伦理方面”、“社会机器人”和“老年护理”等关键概念的综合搜索策略。摘要和标题筛选由两位作者独立完成。全文筛选由一位作者在联合巩固阶段后进行。数据是由一位作者基于统一的编码框架使用MAXQDA24提取的。采用改良定性含量分析方法进行分析。共筛选1 518种出版物,纳入248种出版物。我们根据道德风险、道德机会和未解决问题的方案组织了我们的分析,确定了影响三个不同利益相关者群体的至少60个广泛的道德方面。虽然一些伦理问题是众所周知的,并被广泛讨论,但我们的分析显示了大量潜在的相关方面,这些方面通常只被边缘化,值得从实践的角度考虑。调查结果强调需要对实施方案进行背景和详细的评估。为了利用伦理话语的广泛知识,我们假设决策者需要了解这一话语的具体性质,以便能够进行仔细的伦理审议。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping the moral domain in a modern town hall: Moral foundations’ effects on collective action conditioned by ideology and issue 绘制现代市政厅的道德领域:受意识形态和议题制约的道德基础对集体行动的影响
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251413686
Emily A Haines, Emma F Thomas, Christina Stothard, David Kernot, Morgana Lizzio-Wilson, Irene Caminschi, Rohit Ram, Marian-Andrei Rizoiu
We examine a year of political debate in a modern town hall to understand the following: when does moral talk turn to talk about action? For which ideological groupings do specific moral foundations matter and in the context of which issues? We analysed 210,170 tweets about the Australian television programme Q&A – a panel show with synchronous live and online audiences. We examined the topics, prevalence of different moralities and how these moralities explain talk of collective action for different ideological groups. Across all issues and ideological groups, talk of action was most often associated with talk of authority but ideological differences between left- and right-leaning participants emerged. Among left-leaning people, action was motivated by a range of moral foundations, but among right-leaning people action was primarily motivated by authority. Our findings map the ideological diversity found within modern town halls and confirm the critical role of these settings in contemporary socio-political life.
我们研究了一个现代市政厅一年的政治辩论,以理解以下问题:什么时候谈论道德转向谈论行动?具体的道德基础对哪些意识形态群体重要,在哪些问题的背景下重要?我们分析了210,170条关于澳大利亚电视节目Q&;A的推文。Q&;A是一个有同步直播和在线观众的小组节目。我们研究了主题,不同道德的流行,以及这些道德如何解释不同意识形态群体的集体行动。在所有问题和意识形态群体中,谈论行动最常与谈论权威联系在一起,但左倾和右倾参与者之间的意识形态差异出现了。在左倾人群中,行为的动机是一系列的道德基础,而在右倾人群中,行为的动机主要是权威。我们的研究结果描绘了现代市政厅内的意识形态多样性,并证实了这些环境在当代社会政治生活中的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Not all it seems are the same: A systemic functional and pragmatic approach to evidentiality and mitigation 并不是所有的看起来都是一样的:一个系统的功能和务实的方法来证明和减轻
IF 1.7 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2026.01.007
Jesus David Guerra-Lyons , Valentina Concu , Johan Alberto De La Rosa Yacomelo
This study investigates the English extra-clausal appearance construction it seems as a discourse-sensitive resource for epistemic stance, integrating insights from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Interpersonal Pragmatics. Using corpus data from COCA, BAWE, and MICASE, the analysis explores how evidential, modal, and subjective meanings are shaped by discourse context—particularly mode and register—and by speakers’ relational strategies. Four semantic-pragmatic categories—perceptual, circumstantial, generic, and conjectural—are identified and situated along a continuum ranging from experiential to epistemically marked uses. Personalization through to me clusters overwhelmingly in conjectural contexts, highlighting its role as a stance-taking strategy that foregrounds subjectivity while mitigating face-threat. The study provides an empirically grounded account of it seems as a flexible interpersonal construction shaped by contextual, epistemic, and relational work. The findings contribute to our understanding of how grammatical constructions function within discourse to manage epistemic stance and interpersonal alignment.
本研究结合系统功能语言学和人际语用学的观点,探讨了英语从句外外观结构作为认知立场的话语敏感资源。利用来自COCA、BAWE和MICASE的语料库数据,本分析探讨了证据意义、模态意义和主观意义是如何被话语语境(特别是模态和语域)和说话者的关系策略所塑造的。四种语义-语用范畴——知觉的、环境的、一般的和推测的——被识别出来,并沿着从经验到认识论标记的连续体分布。对我来说,个性化主要集中在推测的背景下,突出了它作为一种立场采取策略的作用,这种策略在减轻面子威胁的同时突出了主观性。该研究提供了一种基于经验的解释,它似乎是一种由语境、认知和关系工作塑造的灵活的人际关系结构。这些发现有助于我们理解语法结构如何在话语中发挥作用,以管理认知立场和人际关系。
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引用次数: 0
Implications for All Animal Research 对所有动物研究的启示。
IF 2.3 3区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70039
Christopher Bobier, Daniel J. Hurst

This letter responds to the article “Xenotransplantation: Injustice, Harm, and Alternatives for Addressing the Organ Crisis,” by Jasmine Gunkel and Franklin G. Miller in the September-October 2025 issue of the Hastings Center Report.

这封信是对Jasmine Gunkel和Franklin G. Miller在《黑斯廷斯中心报告》2025年9 - 10月刊上发表的文章《异种移植:解决器官危机的不公正、伤害和替代方案》的回应。
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引用次数: 0
In Defense of Post Hoc Explanations in Medical AI 为医疗人工智能的事后解释辩护。
IF 2.3 3区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/hast.4971
Joshua Hatherley, Lauritz Aastrup Munch, Jens Christian Bjerring

Since the early days of the explainable artificial intelligence movement, post hoc explanations have been praised for their potential to improve user understanding, promote trust, and reduce patient-safety risks in black box medical AI systems. Recently, however, critics have argued that the benefits of post hoc explanations are greatly exaggerated since they merely approximate, rather than replicate, the actual reasoning processes that black box systems take to arrive at their outputs. In this paper, we aim to defend the value of post hoc explanations against this recent critique. We argue that even if post hoc explanations do not replicate the exact reasoning processes of black box systems, they can still improve users’ functional understanding of black box systems, increase the accuracy of clinician-AI teams, and assist clinicians in justifying their AI-informed decisions. While post hoc explanations are not a silver-bullet solution to the black box problem in medical AI, they remain a useful strategy for addressing it.

自可解释人工智能运动的早期以来,事后解释因其在黑匣子医疗人工智能系统中提高用户理解、促进信任和降低患者安全风险的潜力而受到称赞。然而,最近批评人士认为,事后解释的好处被大大夸大了,因为它们只是近似,而不是复制黑箱系统得出其输出的实际推理过程。在本文中,我们的目标是捍卫事后解释的价值,反对最近的批评。我们认为,即使事后解释不能复制黑匣子系统的确切推理过程,它们仍然可以提高用户对黑匣子系统的功能理解,提高临床医生-人工智能团队的准确性,并帮助临床医生证明他们的人工智能决策是合理的。虽然事后解释不是解决医疗人工智能黑箱问题的灵丹妙药,但它们仍然是解决这一问题的有用策略。
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引用次数: 0
What Does Moral Agency Mean for Nurses in the Era of Artificial Intelligence? 人工智能时代护士的道德能动性意味着什么?
IF 2.3 3区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70030
Connie M. Ulrich, Oonjee Oh, Sang Bin You, Maxim Topaz, Zahra Rahemi, Liz Stokes, Lisiane Pruinelli, George Demiris, Patricia Flatley Brennan

Being a moral agent was once thought to be an irreplaceable, uniquely human role for nurses and other health care professionals who care for patients and their families during illness and hospitalization. Today, however, artificial intelligence systems are often referred to as “artificial moral agents,” “agentic,” and “autonomous agents.” As these systems begin to function in various capacities within health care organizations and to perform specialized duties, the question arises as to whether the next step will be to replace nurses and other health care professionals as moral agents. Focusing primarily on nurses, this essay explores the concept of moral agency, asking whether it remains exclusive to humans or can be conferred on AI systems. We argue that AI systems should not supplant nurses’ moral agency, as patients come to hospitals or any other health care setting to be heard, seen, and valued by skilled professionals, not to seek care from machines.

作为一个道德的代理人,曾经被认为是护士和其他在生病和住院期间照顾病人及其家人的卫生保健专业人员不可替代的、独特的人类角色。然而,今天,人工智能系统通常被称为“人工道德代理”、“代理”和“自主代理”。随着这些系统开始在卫生保健组织中以各种能力发挥作用并履行专门职责,下一步是否会取代护士和其他卫生保健专业人员作为道德代理人的问题就出现了。这篇文章主要关注护士,探讨了道德代理的概念,询问它是否仍然是人类独有的,还是可以赋予人工智能系统。我们认为,人工智能系统不应该取代护士的道德代理,因为患者来医院或任何其他医疗机构是为了被熟练的专业人员听到、看到和重视,而不是向机器寻求治疗。
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引用次数: 0
How Should Clinical Ethics Evolve to Ensure Moral Use of AI? 临床伦理应该如何发展以确保人工智能的道德使用?
IF 2.3 3区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70016
Colleen P. Lyons

Artificial intelligence is reshaping clinical decision-making in ways that challenge assumptions about patient-centered care, moral responsibility, and professional judgment. Encoding Bioethics: AI in Clinical Decision-Making, by Charles Binkley and Tyler Loftus, begins where ethical reflection on this topic should begin—in the trenches of clinical care. Together with the National Academy of Medicine's publication An Artificial Intelligence Code of Conduct for Health and Medicine: Essential Guidance for Aligned Action, which came out after the book, Encoding Bioethics goes a long way toward offering physicians, patients, developers, and health-system leaders actionable guidance. Through explanation, probing questions, and case studies, Binkley and Loftus illuminate the ethical difficulties posed by opacity, bias, and shifting clinical roles. Yet their analysis stops short of identifying the governance tools and operational structures that are essential for achieving patient-centered, morally responsible AI that strengthens clinical judgment. This review essay argues that bridging ethics and practice requires attention to psychological safety, organizational dynamics, and implementation science to ensure that AI supports—not supplants—ethical care.

人工智能正在重塑临床决策,挑战以患者为中心的护理、道德责任和专业判断的假设。查尔斯·宾克利和泰勒·洛夫特斯所著的《编码生物伦理学:临床决策中的人工智能》,从临床护理的堑壕中开始了对这一主题的伦理反思。与美国国家医学院出版的《卫生和医学人工智能行为准则:协调行动的基本指导》一起,《编码生物伦理学》在为医生、患者、开发人员和卫生系统领导者提供可操作指导方面走了很长一段路。通过解释、探究性问题和案例研究,Binkley和lottus阐明了不透明、偏见和临床角色转变所带来的伦理困难。然而,他们的分析并没有确定治理工具和运营结构,而这些对于实现以患者为中心、对道德负责、加强临床判断的人工智能至关重要。这篇综述文章认为,连接伦理和实践需要关注心理安全、组织动力学和实施科学,以确保人工智能支持——而不是取代——伦理关怀。
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引用次数: 0
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