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Writing from Abroad: Linguistic complexity and L2 Arabic writing quality across genres 国外写作：跨体裁的语言复杂性和第二语言阿拉伯语写作质量

IF 5.6 1区文学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

System

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2026.103996

Alaa Alzahrani , Adel Alfaifi

Research has established that linguistic complexity varies across essay genres. However, existing studies have often focused on the writing of Second Language (L2) English learners who study in their home countries, predominantly examining only lexical and/or syntactic complexity. Drawing on the dynamic usage-based perspective, the current study investigated the extent to which genre influences the relationship between three dimensions of linguistic complexity and the quality of essays produced by L2 learners of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) studying abroad. We collected 301 argumentative and descriptive essays from a group of 44 L2 MSA learners over a two-month period and analyzed them in terms of lexical, syntactic, and phraseological complexity. Correlation analyses revealed a significant genre effect in the manifestation of linguistic complexity in L2 MSA writing, with lexical and syntactic measures exhibiting distinct genre-specific patterns. However, linear mixed-effects models identified a shared feature: phraseological diversity consistently predicted L2 essay quality ratings across both argumentative and descriptive genres. The results confirm that genre significantly influences linguistic complexity in L2 MSA writing, while also pointing to common linguistic features across genres. These results extend previous English-shaped findings to new linguistic and L2 learning contexts, advancing our understanding of linguistic complexity across broader L2 populations. We discuss the practical implications of our findings for L2 MSA writing instruction and make our corpus freely available to promote research on L2 MSA writing.

研究表明，不同类型的文章，语言的复杂性各不相同。然而，现有的研究往往侧重于在本国学习的第二语言（L2）英语学习者的写作，主要只检查词汇和/或句法的复杂性。基于动态用法的视角，本研究调查了文体对现代标准阿拉伯语（MSA）出国留学的第二语言学习者在语言复杂性的三个维度与文章质量之间的关系的影响程度。在两个月的时间里，我们从44名L2 MSA学习者那里收集了301篇议论文和描述性文章，并从词汇、句法和短语的复杂性方面对它们进行了分析。相关分析表明，二语MSA写作的语言复杂性表现出显著的体裁效应，词汇和句法表现出明显的体裁特征。然而，线性混合效应模型发现了一个共同的特征：短语多样性一致地预测了议论文和描述性类型的第二语言论文质量评级。结果证实，文体显著影响第二语言MSA写作的语言复杂性，同时也指出了跨文体的共同语言特征。这些结果将之前的英语研究结果扩展到新的语言和第二语言学习环境中，促进了我们对更广泛的第二语言人群的语言复杂性的理解。我们讨论了我们的发现对第二语言MSA写作教学的实际意义，并使我们的语料库免费提供，以促进第二语言MSA写作的研究。

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引用次数: 0

AI-assisted speaking affordances, flow experience, and willingness to communicate: A moderated mediation model 人工智能辅助说话能力、流体验和沟通意愿：一个有调节的中介模型

IF 5.6 1区文学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

System

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2026.103986

Jin Tang

Existing research has widely examined the effects of AI-assisted speaking training on language performance and learning outcomes; however, the experiential mechanisms through which AI-assisted speaking training affordances (AISTA) shape learners' communication-oriented behaviors remain underexplored. In particular, limited empirical evidence explains how such affordances are translated into learners’ willingness to communicate (WTC) via flow experience (FE). Drawing on ecological affordance theory and flow theory, the present study conceptualizes AISTA as a core construct and proposes a moderated mediation model in which AISTA influences WTC through FE, with learner agency (LA) capturing individual differences in AI-supported speaking contexts.

Survey data were collected from 247 Chinese EFL university students following a four-week AI-assisted speaking practice and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent main effects and interaction terms. Bias-corrected bootstrapping with 5000 resamples was employed to test mediation and moderation effects. The results showed that AISTA was positively associated with FE, and FE was positively associated with WTC. Flow experience emerged as a key mediator linking AISTA to WTC. Moreover, learner agency significantly moderated the experiential pathway, yielding a pattern of conditional partial mediation: the indirect effect of AISTA on WTC via FE was significant for learners with moderate to high levels of agency but not for those with low agency.

By elucidating the affordance–experience–behavior mechanism underlying AI-assisted speaking training, this study extends ecological affordance theory and flow theory to AI-supported second language learning contexts and highlights learner agency as a critical condition for translating technological affordances into communicative motivation.

现有的研究广泛考察了人工智能辅助口语训练对语言表现和学习成果的影响；然而，人工智能辅助口语训练支持（AISTA）塑造学习者沟通导向行为的经验机制仍未得到充分探索。特别是，有限的经验证据解释了这些启示如何通过流体验（FE）转化为学习者的沟通意愿（WTC）。本研究基于生态支持理论和心流理论，将AISTA定义为一个核心结构，并提出了一个有调节的中介模型，其中AISTA通过FE影响WTC，学习者代理（LA）捕捉人工智能支持的说话语境中的个体差异。本文收集了247名中国大学生为期四周的人工智能辅助口语练习的调查数据，并使用结构方程模型（SEM）分析了潜在主效应和交互项。采用5000个样本的偏差校正自举法来检验中介和调节效应。结果表明，AISTA与FE呈显著正相关，FE与WTC呈显著正相关。流动体验是连接AISTA与WTC的关键中介。此外，学习者代理显著调节了经验通路，形成了一种条件部分中介模式：AISTA通过FE对WTC的间接影响在中高代理水平的学习者中显著，而在低代理水平的学习者中不显著。本研究通过阐明人工智能辅助口语训练背后的能力支持-经验-行为机制，将生态能力支持理论和心流理论扩展到人工智能支持的第二语言学习情境中，并强调学习者代理是将技术能力支持转化为交际动机的关键条件。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing technical vocabulary learning: A comparative study of a mobile multimedia app and a word list 加强技术词汇学习：移动多媒体应用程序与单词列表的比较研究

IF 5.6 1区文学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

System

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103962

Derya Tuzcu-Eken , Ayşen Tuzcu

Traditional word lists have long served as a foundational technique in vocabulary learning, yet recent advancements in language learning technologies have offered alternative approaches, such as multimedia apps, that aim to enhance learner engagement and retention. In light of these technological advancements, the present quasi-experimental study investigates the effectiveness of a multimedia app in learning technical vocabulary compared to traditional word lists. The study involved 56 low-proficiency L2 English learners majoring in computer programming at a university in Turkey. The study had a within-participant design, and these learners learned a set of technical words related to computer programming using a word list (learning phase 1) and the WordUp app (learning phase 2). Vocabulary learning gains were measured using a vocabulary posttest administered immediately after each learning phase and again five weeks later. In addition to test results, students' (n = 10) perceptions of both learning techniques were gathered through semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that the use of the multimedia app led to greater gains in both immediate and delayed vocabulary posttests compared to the use of a word list, and students responded favorably to its use for vocabulary learning. However, the findings also revealed certain limitations and areas for improvement in the app's design and its alignment with technical vocabulary learning needs, which should be considered in the use and development of multimedia vocabulary learning applications.

长期以来，传统的单词表一直是词汇学习的基础技术，但最近语言学习技术的进步提供了其他方法，如多媒体应用程序，旨在提高学习者的参与度和记忆力。鉴于这些技术进步，本准实验研究调查了多媒体应用程序在学习技术词汇方面的有效性，并与传统单词列表进行了比较。这项研究涉及56名在土耳其一所大学主修计算机编程的低水平第二语言英语学习者。该研究采用了参与者内部设计，这些学习者使用单词列表（学习阶段1）和WordUp应用程序（学习阶段2）学习了一组与计算机编程相关的技术单词。词汇学习的收获是通过每个学习阶段后立即进行的词汇后测和五周后再次进行的词汇后测来衡量的。除了测试结果外，通过半结构化访谈收集了学生（n = 10）对两种学习方法的看法。结果表明，与使用单词表相比，使用多媒体应用程序在即时和延迟词汇后测中都有更大的收获，学生对使用多媒体应用程序进行词汇学习反应良好。然而，研究结果也揭示了应用程序的设计和与技术词汇学习需求的一致性方面的某些局限性和改进领域，这在多媒体词汇学习应用程序的使用和开发中应该考虑到。

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引用次数: 0

Samplers of the marine environment: Knowing the oceans with seabirds, 1958–Present 海洋环境的采样者：用海鸟了解海洋，1958年至今

IF 1.1 2区历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Historical Geography

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2026.01.009

Oscar Hartman Davies

This article focuses on monitoring and tracking seabirds from the mid-twentieth century to the present. It illustrates how seabirds have been reconfigured as environmental sentinels through their enrolment in scientific networks aiming to understand birds and to monitor changing marine environments. Drawing on historical and geographical literatures exploring changes in environmental monitoring, ocean science, and ornithology over the latter half of the twentieth century, the article outlines three ways in which seabirds have been enrolled in scientific projects — as populations, samplers, and digital animals. It attends to the development of seabird monitoring programmes from the 1960s, enabled partly by European occupation of remote territories in the Southern Ocean. It then shows how seabird scientists positioned data collected through these programmes as contributing to knowledge about an increasingly turbulent, depleted sea. Finally, it explores how this idea was reconfigured in the 1990s through new bird-borne sensors, creating novel connections between the science and politics of the ocean as a physical space and lively ecology. Through this case, the paper advances conversations concerning the shifting character of environmental sensing and science in the Anthropocene and contributes to the development of technonatural history as a theory and method in geographical research.

本文重点介绍了从20世纪中期到现在的海鸟监测和跟踪。它说明了海鸟如何通过加入旨在了解鸟类和监测不断变化的海洋环境的科学网络，被重新配置为环境哨兵。在20世纪下半叶探索环境监测、海洋科学和鸟类学变化的历史和地理文献的基础上，这篇文章概述了海鸟作为种群、样本和数字动物被纳入科学项目的三种方式。它从1960年代开始发展海鸟监测方案，部分原因是欧洲人占领了南大洋的偏远领土。然后，它展示了海鸟科学家如何将通过这些项目收集的数据定位为有助于了解日益动荡、枯竭的海洋。最后，它探讨了这个想法是如何在20世纪90年代通过新的鸟载传感器重新配置的，在海洋作为物理空间和活跃生态的科学和政治之间建立了新的联系。通过这一案例，本文提出了关于人类世环境感知和科学的转变特征的对话，并为技术历史作为地理研究的理论和方法的发展做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Navigating the decades: A narrative inquiry into tertiary EFL teacher wellbeing amid Chinese educational reforms 跨越几十年：中国教育改革背景下高校英语教师幸福感的叙事探究

IF 5.6 1区文学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

System

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2026.103983

Xinxin Wu , Jia Liu

While teacher wellbeing is critical, its long-term evolution remains under-researched, particularly for EFL teachers in contexts of intense, sustained educational reform. This study addresses this gap by employing narrative inquiry to explore the 30-year career wellbeing trajectories of two tertiary EFL teachers in China. Findings revealed two distinct, non-linear pathways, consisting of one of episodic diversification driven by a quest for autonomy, and one of sustained striving characterized by a “slow burn” of resilience against systemic demands and work-family conflicts. Analysis of these trajectories demonstrates that wellbeing is a dynamic negotiation between teachers' internal worlds and their external contexts. Based on this analysis, we propose the adaptive equilibrium model of long-term EFL teacher wellbeing (AEM-LTEW). This model conceptualizes wellbeing as a dynamic equilibrium across four key domains (values and motivational core, professional identity architecture, environmental context and systemic forces, and life-course integration), maintained through three adaptive mechanisms, namely environmental modification, cognitive reframing, and strategic adaptation. This framework provides a new lens for understanding career-long adaptation and the cumulative impact of systemic reforms. The study's implications call for career-stage-specific support and for addressing structural inequities, such as gendered career paths and narrow evaluative metrics, that impact long-term teacher sustainability in Chinese higher education and similar reform-intensive contexts globally.

虽然教师幸福感至关重要，但其长期演变仍未得到充分研究，尤其是在激烈、持续的教育改革背景下的英语教师。本研究采用叙事探究法，探讨了两位中国高校英语教师30年的职业幸福轨迹，从而解决了这一差距。研究结果揭示了两种截然不同的非线性路径，其中一种是由寻求自主驱动的偶发性多样化，另一种是持续奋斗，其特征是对系统需求和工作-家庭冲突的“缓慢燃烧”弹性。对这些轨迹的分析表明，幸福感是教师内部世界和外部环境之间的动态协商。在此基础上，我们提出了英语教师长期幸福感的适应性均衡模型（aam - ltew）。该模型将幸福感定义为四个关键领域（价值观和动机核心、职业身份架构、环境背景和系统力量以及生命历程整合）之间的动态平衡，并通过三种适应机制（即环境修改、认知重构和战略适应）来维持。这一框架为理解系统性改革的终身适应和累积影响提供了新的视角。该研究的启示是，需要针对职业阶段提供支持，并解决结构性不平等问题，如性别职业道路和狭隘的评估指标，这些问题影响了中国高等教育和全球类似改革密集型背景下教师的长期可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Junior secondary EFL learners’ enjoyment of homework: A mixed-methods comparative study of a high-, average-, and low-achieving school in Hong Kong 初中英语学习者对家庭作业的享受：香港一所高、中、低成绩学校的混合方法比较研究

IF 5.6 1区文学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

System

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2026.103981

Art Tsang , Benjamin Luke Moorhouse

Positive emotions such as enjoyment have recently come to the fore in FL research and education. However, very few studies to date have focused on learners' emotions associated with doing homework, a common practice institutionalized in many FL education settings. In this comparative study, we examined 327 Grade 7 EFL learners' levels of enjoyment of homework in a high-, an average-, and a low-achieving school in Hong Kong. We elicited, through a questionnaire, their enjoyment of the most common types of English homework assigned by their teachers in their specific schools at two timepoints with a one-year gap. 24 participants were interviewed after the second timepoint. Overall, the participants’ levels of enjoyment were neutral to negative. The high-achieving participants had the highest level of enjoyment while the low-achievers had the lowest. This pattern remained largely the same across the two timepoints. The qualitative data shed light on the overall low enjoyment associated with homework and different levels of enjoyment between different kinds of homework in specific schools.

积极的情绪，如享受，最近在外语研究和教育中脱颖而出。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究关注学习者与做作业相关的情绪，这是许多外语教育环境中常见的做法。在这项比较研究中，我们调查了327名七年级英语学习者在香港一所成绩优异的学校、一所成绩一般的学校和一所成绩较差的学校对家庭作业的享受程度。我们通过一份调查问卷，了解他们在两个时间点（间隔一年）对各自学校老师布置的最常见的英语作业的喜爱程度。24名参与者在第二个时间点之后接受了采访。总的来说，参与者的快乐程度是中性到消极的。成绩优异的参与者享受的程度最高，而成绩不佳的参与者享受的程度最低。这一模式在两个时间点上基本保持不变。定性数据揭示了家庭作业的整体低乐趣，以及特定学校不同类型家庭作业的不同享受程度。

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引用次数: 0

Managing data in collaborative research starts with the researcher: A Soil CRC case study. 协作研究中的数据管理从研究人员开始：土壤CRC案例研究。

IF 4 1区哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS

Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2025.2525878

Nathan Robinson, Jude Channon, Simon Clarendon, David Medyckyj-Scott

Background: Multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary research centers are central to the concept of collaborative science. A challenge to the success of these research centers is their "data sharing readiness" as a foundation of science integrity that underpins policy decisions and directions. To achieve data sharing readiness, understanding researchers' level of data maturity (their data management practices and understanding) is critical to improvement in data management and resultant research outcomes.

Methods: A mixed methods approach of survey, focus group, and interviews was undertaken to understand where participants in a soil research collaboration were in their data maturity. The survey included a combination of multiple choice, open, and closed-ended questions linked to a set of overarching data management topics. Voluntary participants include farmer groups, universities, industry partners, and state government agencies from Australia and New Zealand.

Results: Key findings were that researchers were largely unfamiliar with core concepts of data management and exhibit a low overall level of data maturity and data readiness. This was echoed by the desire of survey respondents to obtain further training, education, and support in data management.

Conclusion: Data readiness and providing researchers with a core set of data management skills will provide a pathway for high quality and enduring research.

背景：多学科和跨学科的研究中心是协作科学概念的核心。对这些研究中心成功的一个挑战是它们的“数据共享准备”，这是支撑政策决策和方向的科学诚信的基础。为了实现数据共享准备，了解研究人员的数据成熟度水平（他们的数据管理实践和理解）对于改善数据管理和最终的研究成果至关重要。方法：采用调查、焦点小组和访谈的混合方法来了解土壤研究合作参与者的数据成熟度。该调查包括多项选择题、开放式和封闭式问题，这些问题与一系列总体数据管理主题相关。自愿参与者包括来自澳大利亚和新西兰的农民团体、大学、行业合作伙伴和州政府机构。结果：主要发现是研究人员在很大程度上不熟悉数据管理的核心概念，并且表现出较低的数据成熟度和数据准备水平。受访者希望在数据管理方面获得进一步的培训、教育和支持。结论：数据准备和为研究人员提供一套核心数据管理技能将为高质量和持久的研究提供途径。

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引用次数: 0

AI, originality, and attribution: Researchers' perspectives on distinguishing contributions. 人工智能、原创性和归因：研究人员区分贡献的视角。

IF 4 1区哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS

Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2025.2536817

Yanyi Wu, Xinyu Lu, Chenghua Lin

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into research, significantly challenging established scholarly norms around originality, contribution, and authorship. While policies are developing, there is a gap in understanding how individual researchers subjectively perceive and navigate these ambiguities in practice, impacting research integrity.

Methods: To explore researchers' perspectives on distinguishing human versus AI contributions, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 researchers (PhD student, Postdoctoral Researcher, Faculty) across diverse disciplines (STEM, Social Sciences, Humanities). Data were analyzed via reflexive thematic analysis, informed by Attribution Theory.

Results: Researchers predominantly conceptualize AI as a sophisticated tool requiring significant human direction, rather than a genuine collaborator. To navigate attributional ambiguity, they rely on subjective heuristics - such as "gut feelings" of ownership and using the labor of the research process as a proxy for conceptual contribution. This creates significant ethical tensions and a desire for clearer, more nuanced guidelines.

Conclusion: They face cognitive and practical challenges applying traditional integrity norms to AI-assisted work. Findings highlight the need for critical dialogue, reflective practices, and nuanced guidelines to uphold research integrity and thoughtfully integrate human value with machine capabilities.

背景：人工智能（AI）越来越多地融入到研究中，极大地挑战了围绕原创性、贡献和作者身份的既定学术规范。虽然政策正在制定，但在理解单个研究人员在实践中如何主观地感知和驾驭这些模糊性方面存在差距，从而影响了研究的完整性。方法：为了探讨研究人员对区分人类与人工智能贡献的观点，我们对来自不同学科（STEM、社会科学、人文科学）的18名研究人员（博士生、博士后、教师）进行了半结构化访谈。数据分析采用归因理论指导下的反身性主题分析。结果：研究人员主要将人工智能概念化为一种复杂的工具，需要重要的人类指导，而不是真正的合作者。为了解决归因歧义，他们依赖于主观启发式——比如所有权的“直觉”，并使用研究过程的劳动作为概念贡献的代理。这就造成了严重的伦理矛盾，人们渴望更清晰、更细致的指导方针。结论：他们将传统的诚信规范应用于人工智能辅助工作，面临认知和实践上的挑战。研究结果强调了批判性对话、反思实践和细致入微的指导方针的必要性，以维护研究的完整性，并深思熟虑地将人类价值与机器能力相结合。

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引用次数: 0

GAIDeT (Generative AI Delegation Taxonomy): A taxonomy for humans to delegate tasks to generative artificial intelligence in scientific research and publishing. GAIDeT（生成人工智能委托分类法）：人类在科学研究和出版中将任务委托给生成人工智能的分类法。

IF 4 1区哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS

Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2025.2544331

Yana Suchikova, Natalia Tsybuliak, Jaime A Teixeira da Silva, Serhii Nazarovets

Background: The integration of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in research raises concerns about transparency, accountability, and task delegation. While frameworks such as CRediT and the NIST AI Use Taxonomy address contributions to research, they either exclude AI-assisted input (CRediT) or do not provide a stage-specific approach (NIST). A structured taxonomy is needed to delineate GAI's contributions across research stages while preserving human oversight and research integrity.

Methods: This study introduces the Generative AI Delegation Taxonomy (GAIDeT), informed by existing contributor role taxonomies, peer-reviewed literature, and an iterative consensus-building approach. It categorizes GAI's contributions at macro and corresponding micro levels, specifying the degree of human oversight required.

Results: GAIDeT provides a structured framework for documenting GAI's role in scholarly research. It classifies research activities into key domains - conceptualization, literature review, methodology, data analysis, writing, supervision, and ethical review - ensuring transparency and human accountability. A GitHub-based interactive tool - the GAIDeT Declaration Generator - was developed to help researchers document delegation choices transparently.

Conclusions: By standardizing GAI task delegation, GAIDeT enhances research integrity and transparency. Future work should focus on empirical validation, cross-disciplinary adaptability, and policy implications for GAI governance.

背景：生成式人工智能（GAI）在研究中的整合引起了对透明度、问责制和任务授权的关注。虽然诸如CRediT和NIST AI使用分类法等框架解决了对研究的贡献，但它们要么排除了人工智能辅助输入（CRediT），要么没有提供特定阶段的方法（NIST）。需要一个结构化的分类法来描述GAI在研究阶段的贡献，同时保持人类的监督和研究的完整性。方法：本研究引入了生成式人工智能授权分类法（GAIDeT），该分类法由现有的贡献者角色分类法、同行评审文献和迭代的共识建立方法提供信息。它从宏观和相应的微观层面对GAI的贡献进行了分类，明确了需要人为监督的程度。结果：GAIDeT为记录GAI在学术研究中的作用提供了一个结构化的框架。它将研究活动分为几个关键领域——概念化、文献综述、方法、数据分析、写作、监督和伦理审查——确保透明度和人类责任。开发了基于github的交互式工具GAIDeT声明生成器，以帮助研究人员透明地记录委托选择。结论：通过标准化GAI任务授权，GAIDeT提高了研究的完整性和透明度。未来的工作应侧重于实证验证、跨学科适应性和GAI治理的政策含义。

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引用次数: 0

From perdition to paradise: Patagonia, Juan Fernández, and the Southeastern Pacific in the British geographical imaginary, 1680–1768 从地狱到天堂：巴塔哥尼亚、胡安Fernández和英国地理想象中的东南太平洋，1680-1768

IF 1.1 2区历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Historical Geography

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2025.12.006

Elizabeth Chant , Natalia Gándara Chacana

As British interest in establishing an outpost in the South Pacific grew throughout the late seventeenth century, navigators and speculators alike sought a solution to the terrifying, costly, and often fatal challenge of traversing Patagonia. This article traces the emergence of the Juan Fernández Islands as an environmental antidote to the trials of Patagonian navigation. An uninhabited, temperate archipelago that abounded with edible flora and fauna, Juan Fernández materialised as the first reliable watering point in the Pacific where buccaneers refurbished their ships and replenished their crews. Charting the evolving representation of these locations in the accounts of Bartholomew Sharp (1680–1682), William Dampier (1679–91), and Woodes Rogers (1708–1711), we show how the trials of Patagonian nature and the Edenic delights of Juan Fernández became morally codified in the later accounts of George Shelvocke (1719–22) and George Anson's (1740–44) circumnavigations. We argue that repeated East-West encounters served to polarise representations of both locales, reinforcing connections between temperate climates, naval order, and pious forms of labour. In so doing, we highlight the contributions of appositional environments and the sequencing of destinations to the romanticised British geographical imaginary of the insular Southeastern Pacific.

随着英国人在南太平洋建立前哨站的兴趣在整个17世纪后期不断增长，航海家和投机者都在寻求解决穿越巴塔哥尼亚这一可怕、昂贵、往往是致命的挑战的办法。本文追溯了胡安Fernández群岛作为巴塔哥尼亚航海试验的环境解毒剂的出现。胡安岛是一个无人居住的温带群岛，盛产可食用的动植物，胡安岛Fernández成为太平洋上第一个可靠的供水点，海盗们在这里翻新他们的船只，补充他们的船员。通过绘制巴塞洛缪·夏普（1680-1682）、威廉·丹皮尔（1679-91）和伍德·罗杰斯（1708-1711）对这些地点的描述，我们展示了巴塔哥尼亚自然的考验和胡安Fernández的伊甸园般的快乐是如何在后来的乔治·谢尔沃克（1719-22）和乔治·安森（1740-44）的环球航行中被道德地编纂的。我们认为，反复的东西方相遇有助于两极分化两个地区的表征，加强了温带气候、海军秩序和虔诚劳动形式之间的联系。在这样做的过程中，我们强调了相对的环境和目的地的顺序对英国东南太平洋岛屿的浪漫地理想象的贡献。

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