Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.22331/q-2026-02-09-1999
Yiyuan Chen, Jonas Helsen, Maris Ozols
The Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model is a prominent model of strongly interacting fermions that serves as a toy model of quantum gravity and black hole physics. In this work, we study the Trotter error and gate complexity of the quantum simulation of the SYK model using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. Building on recent results by Chen and Brandão [6] — in particular their uniform smoothing technique for random matrix polynomials — we derive bounds on the first- and higher-order Trotter error of the SYK model, and subsequently find near-optimal gate complexities for simulating these models using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. For the $k$-local SYK model on $n$ Majorana fermions, at time $t$, our gate complexity estimates for the first-order Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formula scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{5}{2}}t^2)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+3}t^2)$ for odd $k$, and the gate complexity of simulations using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{1}{2}}t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+1}t)$ for odd $k$. Given that the SYK model has $Theta(n^k)$ terms, these estimates are close to optimal. These gate complexities can be further improved upon in the context of simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$, leading to a $mathcal{O}(n^2)$-reduction in gate complexity for first-order formulas and $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction for higher-order formulas.
We also apply our techniques to the sparse SYK model, which is a simplified variant of the SYK model obtained by deleting all but a $Theta(n)$ fraction of the terms in a uniformly i.i.d. manner. We find the average (over the random term removal) gate complexity for simulating this model using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{1+frac{1}{2}} t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{2} t)$ for odd $k$. Similar to the full SYK model, we obtain a $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$.
Our results highlight the potential of Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas for efficiently simulating the SYK and sparse SYK models, and our analytical methods can be naturally extended to other Gaussian random Hamiltonians.
{"title":"Trotter error and gate complexity of the SYK and sparse SYK models","authors":"Yiyuan Chen, Jonas Helsen, Maris Ozols","doi":"10.22331/q-2026-02-09-1999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2026-02-09-1999","url":null,"abstract":"The Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model is a prominent model of strongly interacting fermions that serves as a toy model of quantum gravity and black hole physics. In this work, we study the Trotter error and gate complexity of the quantum simulation of the SYK model using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. Building on recent results by Chen and Brandão [6] — in particular their uniform smoothing technique for random matrix polynomials — we derive bounds on the first- and higher-order Trotter error of the SYK model, and subsequently find near-optimal gate complexities for simulating these models using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. For the $k$-local SYK model on $n$ Majorana fermions, at time $t$, our gate complexity estimates for the first-order Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formula scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{5}{2}}t^2)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+3}t^2)$ for odd $k$, and the gate complexity of simulations using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{1}{2}}t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+1}t)$ for odd $k$. Given that the SYK model has $Theta(n^k)$ terms, these estimates are close to optimal. These gate complexities can be further improved upon in the context of simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$, leading to a $mathcal{O}(n^2)$-reduction in gate complexity for first-order formulas and $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction for higher-order formulas.<br/>\u0000<br/> We also apply our techniques to the sparse SYK model, which is a simplified variant of the SYK model obtained by deleting all but a $Theta(n)$ fraction of the terms in a uniformly i.i.d. manner. We find the average (over the random term removal) gate complexity for simulating this model using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{1+frac{1}{2}} t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{2} t)$ for odd $k$. Similar to the full SYK model, we obtain a $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$.<br/>\u0000<br/> Our results highlight the potential of Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas for efficiently simulating the SYK and sparse SYK models, and our analytical methods can be naturally extended to other Gaussian random Hamiltonians.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02076
Rafael S. Dutra,Felipe A. Pinheiro,Diney S. Ether Jr.,Cyriaque Genet,Nathan B. Viana,Paulo A. Maia Neto
We demonstrate that an effect phenomenologically analogous to circular dichroism can arise even for dielectric and isotropic chiral spherical particles. By analyzing the polarimetry of light scattered from a chiral, lossless microsphere illuminated with linearly polarized light, we show that the scattered light becomes nearly circularly polarized, exhibiting large nonresonant values of the Stokes parameter S3 for a broad range of visible frequencies. This phenomenon occurs only in the Mie regime, with the microsphere radius comparable to the wavelength, and provided that the scattered light is collected by a high-NA objective lens, including nonparaxial Fourier components. Altogether, our findings offer a theoretical framework and motivation for an experimental demonstration of a novel chiroptical effect with isolated dielectric particles, with potential applications in enantioselection and characterization of single microparticles, each and every one with its own chiral response.
{"title":"Circular Dichroism without Absorption in Isolated Chiral Dielectric Mie Particles","authors":"Rafael S. Dutra,Felipe A. Pinheiro,Diney S. Ether Jr.,Cyriaque Genet,Nathan B. Viana,Paulo A. Maia Neto","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02076","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate that an effect phenomenologically analogous to circular dichroism can arise even for dielectric and isotropic chiral spherical particles. By analyzing the polarimetry of light scattered from a chiral, lossless microsphere illuminated with linearly polarized light, we show that the scattered light becomes nearly circularly polarized, exhibiting large nonresonant values of the Stokes parameter S3 for a broad range of visible frequencies. This phenomenon occurs only in the Mie regime, with the microsphere radius comparable to the wavelength, and provided that the scattered light is collected by a high-NA objective lens, including nonparaxial Fourier components. Altogether, our findings offer a theoretical framework and motivation for an experimental demonstration of a novel chiroptical effect with isolated dielectric particles, with potential applications in enantioselection and characterization of single microparticles, each and every one with its own chiral response.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/02/025
V.T. Voronchev
The present paper completes a series of our works on non-thermal nuclear processes in big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) started in JCAP 05 (2008) 010 (Part I) and 05 (2009) 001 (Part II). The processes are triggered by non-Maxwellian particles naturally born in the main BBN reactions. Half of these reactions generate fast particles k+ (= n,p,t,3He,α). The other half, being radiative capture processes, produce slow nuclei k- (= d,t,3He,7Li,7Be) which can undergo (k-,n) reactions with neutrons having large cross sections. The particle production rate Rk, thermalization time τk, and effective number density nk are determined. It is shown that at the early stage of BBN the number density of slow deuterons (respectively, 3He) can exceed the number densities of Maxwellian 7Li and 7Be (respectively, 7Be) ions. To clarify the overall non-Maxwellian effect on BBN, both types of the non-Maxwellian particles are taken into account in the reaction network. Particular attention is paid to two-step sequential processes like p(n,γ)d-(n,γ)t, d(p,γ)3He-(n,p)t, t(α,γ)7Li-(n,γ)8Li, 3He(α,γ)7Be-(n,p)7Li, d(t,α)n+(A,n)a1a2, and d(3He,α)p+(A,p)a1a2 with (A,a1,a2) = (7Li,t,α) and (7Be,3He,α). It is obtained that the non-Maxwellian particles can selectively affect the element abundances, e.g., improve the prediction on 7Li/H by ∼ 1.5% and at the same time leave unchanged the 4He abundance. The main conclusion however is that these particles are unable to significantly change the standard picture of BBN in general, and provide a pathway toward a solution of the cosmological lithium problem in particular.
{"title":"Non-thermal processes in standard big bang nucleosynthesis. Part III. Reactions with slow nuclei and the overall effect","authors":"V.T. Voronchev","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/02/025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/02/025","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper completes a series of our works on non-thermal nuclear processes in big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) started in JCAP 05 (2008) 010 (Part I) and 05 (2009) 001 (Part II). The processes are triggered by non-Maxwellian particles naturally born in the main BBN reactions. Half of these reactions generate fast particles k+ (= n,p,t,3He,α). The other half, being radiative capture processes, produce slow nuclei k- (= d,t,3He,7Li,7Be) which can undergo (k-,n) reactions with neutrons having large cross sections. The particle production rate Rk, thermalization time τk, and effective number density nk are determined. It is shown that at the early stage of BBN the number density of slow deuterons (respectively, 3He) can exceed the number densities of Maxwellian 7Li and 7Be (respectively, 7Be) ions. To clarify the overall non-Maxwellian effect on BBN, both types of the non-Maxwellian particles are taken into account in the reaction network. Particular attention is paid to two-step sequential processes like p(n,γ)d-(n,γ)t, d(p,γ)3He-(n,p)t, t(α,γ)7Li-(n,γ)8Li, 3He(α,γ)7Be-(n,p)7Li, d(t,α)n+(A,n)a1a2, and d(3He,α)p+(A,p)a1a2 with (A,a1,a2) = (7Li,t,α) and (7Be,3He,α). It is obtained that the non-Maxwellian particles can selectively affect the element abundances, e.g., improve the prediction on 7Li/H by ∼ 1.5% and at the same time leave unchanged the 4He abundance. The main conclusion however is that these particles are unable to significantly change the standard picture of BBN in general, and provide a pathway toward a solution of the cosmological lithium problem in particular.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.22331/q-2026-02-09-2000
Anthony Leverrier
While 2-level systems, aka qubits, are a natural choice to perform a logical quantum computation, the situation is less clear at the physical level. Encoding information in higher-dimensional physical systems can indeed provide a first level of redundancy and error correction that simplifies the overall fault-tolerant architecture. A challenge then is to ensure universal control over the encoded qubits. Here, we explore an approach where information is encoded in an irreducible representation of a finite subgroup of $U(2)$ through an inverse quantum Fourier transform. We illustrate this idea by applying it to the real Pauli group $langle X, Zrangle$ in the bosonic setting. The resulting two-mode Fourier cat code displays good error correction properties and admits an experimentally-friendly universal gate set that we discuss in detail.
{"title":"Bosonic quantum Fourier codes","authors":"Anthony Leverrier","doi":"10.22331/q-2026-02-09-2000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2026-02-09-2000","url":null,"abstract":"While 2-level systems, aka qubits, are a natural choice to perform a logical quantum computation, the situation is less clear at the physical level. Encoding information in higher-dimensional physical systems can indeed provide a first level of redundancy and error correction that simplifies the overall fault-tolerant architecture. A challenge then is to ensure universal control over the encoded qubits. Here, we explore an approach where information is encoded in an irreducible representation of a finite subgroup of $U(2)$ through an inverse quantum Fourier transform. We illustrate this idea by applying it to the real Pauli group $langle X, Zrangle$ in the bosonic setting. The resulting two-mode Fourier cat code displays good error correction properties and admits an experimentally-friendly universal gate set that we discuss in detail.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140253
The ALICE Collaboration, I.J. Abualrob, S. Acharya, G. Aglieri Rinella, L. Aglietta, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, I. Ahuja, Zul Akbar, A. Akindinov, V. Akishina, M. Al-Turany, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H.M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, B. Ali, A. Alici, A. Alkin, J. Alme, G. Alocco, T. Alt, A.R. Altamura, I. Altsybeev, C. Andrei, N. Andreou, A. Andronic, E. Andronov, V. Anguelov, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, N. Apadula, H. Appelsh, C. Arata, S. Arcelli, R. Arnaldi, J. G M C A Arneiro, I.C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, D. Averyanov, M.D. Azmi, H. Baba, A. R J Babu, A. Badal, J. Bae, Y. Bae, Y.W. Baek, X. Bai, R. Bailhache, Y. Bailung, R. Bala, A. Baldisseri, B. Balis, S. Bangalia, Z. Banoo, V. Barbasova, F. Barile, L. Barioglio, M. Barlou, B. Barman, G.G. Barnaf, L.S. Barnby, E. Barreau, V. Barret, L. Barreto, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, N. Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, D. Battistini, B. Batyunya, D. Bauri, J.L. Bazo Alba, I.G. Bearden, P. Becht, D. Behera, S. Behera, I. Belikov, V.D. Bella, F. Bellini, R. Bellwied, S. Belokurova, L. G E Beltran, Y. A V Beltran, G. Bencedi, A. Bensaoula, S. Beole, Y. Berdnikov, A. Berdnikova, L. Bergmann, L. Bernardinis, L. Betev, P.P. Bhaduri, T. Bhalla, A. Bhasin, B. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhattarai, L. Bianchi, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, A. Bilandzic, A. Binoy, G. Biro, S. Biswas, D. Blau, M.B. Blidaru, N. Bluhme, C. Blume, F. Bock, T. Bodova, J. Bok, L. Boldizsár, M. Bombara, P.M. Bond, G. Bonomi, H. Borel, A. Borissov, A.G. Borquez Carcamo, E. Botta, Y. E M Bouziani, D.C. Brandibur, L. Bratrud, P. Braun-Munzinger, M. Bregant, M. Broz, G.E. Bruno, V.D. Buchakchiev, M.D. Buckland, D. Budnikov, H. Buesching, S. Bufalino, P. Buhler, N. Burmasov, Z. Buthelezi, A. Bylinkin, C. Carr, J.C. Cabanillas Noris, M. F T Cabrera, H. Caines, A. Caliva, E. Calvo Villar, J. M M Camacho, P. Camerini, M.T. Camerlingo, F. D M Canedo, S. Cannito, S.L. Cantway, M. Carabas, F. Carnesecchi, L. A D Carvalho, J. Castillo Castellanos, M. Castoldi, F. Catalano, S. Cattaruzzi, R. Cerri, I. Chakaberia, P. Chakraborty, J. W O Chan, S. Chandra, S. Chapeland, M. Chartier, S. Chattopadhay, M. Chen, T. Cheng, C. Cheshkov, D. Chiappara, V. Chibante Barroso, D.D. Chinellato, F. Chinu, E.S. Chizzali, J. Cho, S. Cho, P. Chochula, Z.A. Chochulska, P. Christakoglou, C.H. Christensen, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, M. Ciacco, C. Cicalo, G. Cimador, F. Cindolo, M.R. Ciupek, G. Clai, F. Colamaria, J.S. Colburn, D. Colella, A. Colelli, M. Colocci, M. Concas, G. Conesa Balbastre, Z. Conesa del Valle, G. Contin, J.G. Contreras, M.L. Coquet, P. Cortese, M.R. Cosentino, F. Costa, S. Costanza, P. Crochet, M.M. Czarnynoga, A. Dainese, G. Dange, M.C. Danisch, A. Danu, P. Das, S. Das, A.R. Dash, S. Dash, A. De Caro, G. De Cataldo, J. De Cuveland, A. De Falco, D. De Gruttola, N. De Marco, C. De Martin, S. De Pasquale, R. Deb, R. Del Grande, L. Dello Stritto, G. G A De Souza, P. Dhankher, D. Di Bari, M. Di Costanzo, A. Di Mauro, B. Di Ruzza, B. Diab, Y. Ding, J. Ditzel, R. Divi, ø Djuvsland, U. Dmitrieva, A. Dobrin, B. Dönigus, L. Döpper, J.M. Dubinski, A. Dubla, P. Dupieux, N. Dzalaiova, T.M. Eder, R.J. Ehlers, F. Eisenhut, R. Ejima, D. Elia, B. Erazmus, F. Ercolessi, B. Espagnon, G. Eulisse, D. Evans, S. Evdokimov, L. Fabbietti, M. Faggin, J. Faivre, F. Fan, W. Fan, T. Fang, A. Fantoni, M. Fasel, G. Feofilov, A. Fernández Téllez, L. Ferrandi, M.B. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, C. Ferrero, A. Ferretti, V. J G Feuillard, D. Finogeev, F.M. Fionda, A.N. Flores, S. Foertsch, I. Fokin, S. Fokin, U. Follo, R. Forynski, E. Fragiacomo, E. Frajna, H. Fribert, U. Fuchs, N. Funicello, C. Furget, A. Furs, T. Fusayasu, J.J. Gaardhøje, M. Gagliardi, A.M. Gago, T. Gahlaut, C.D. Galvan, S. Gami, D.R. Gangadharan, P. Ganoti, C. Garabatos, J.M. Garcia, T. García Chávez, E. Garcia-Solis, S. Garetti, C. Gargiulo, P. Gasik, H.M. Gaur, A. Gautam, M. B Gay Ducati, M. Germain, R.A. Gernhaeuser, C. Ghosh, M. Giacalone, G. Gioachin, S.K. Giri, P. Giubellino, P. Giubilato, P. Gl, E. Glimos, V. Gonzalez, P. Gordeev, M. Gorgon, K. Goswami, S. Gotovac, V. Grabski, L.K. Graczykowski, E. Grecka, A. Grelli, C. Grigoras, V. Grigoriev, S. Grigoryan, O.S. Groettvik, F. Grosa, J.F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, R. Grosso, D. Grund, N.A. Grunwald, R. Guernane, M. Guilbaud, K. Gulbrandsen, J.K. Gumprecht, T. Gündem, T. Gunji, J. Guo, W. Guo, A. Gupta, R. Gupta, R. Gupta, K. Gwizdziel, L. Gyulai, C. Hadjidakis, F.U. Haider, S. Haidlova, M. Haldar, H. Hamagaki, Y. Han, B.G. Hanley, R. Hannigan, J. Hansen, J.W. Harris, A. Harton, M.V. Hartung, H. Hassan, D. Hatzifotiadou, P. Hauer, L.B. Havener, E. Hellb, H. Helstrup, M. Hemmer, T. Herman, S.G. Hernandez, G. Herrera Corral, K.F. Hetland, B. Heybeck, H. Hillemanns, B. Hippolyte, I. P M Hobus, F.W. Hoffmann, B. Hofman, M. Horst, A. Horzyk, Y. Hou, P. Hristov, P. Huhn, L.M. Huhta, T.J. Humanic, V. Humlova, A. Hutson, D. Hutter, M.C. Hwang, R. Ilkaev, M. Inaba, M. Ippolitov, A. Isakov, T. Isidori, M.S. Islam, S. Iurchenko, M. Ivanov, M. Ivanov, V. Ivanov, K.E. Iversen, J.G. Kim, M. Jablonski, B. Jacak, N. Jacazio, P.M. Jacobs, S. Jadlovska, J. Jadlovsky, S. Jaelani, C. Jahnke, M.J. Jakubowska, D.M. Janik, M.A. Janik, S. Ji, S. Jia, T. Jiang, A. A P Jimenez, S. Jin, F. Jonas, D.M. Jones, J.M. Jowett, J. Jung, M. Jung, A. Junique, A. Jusko, J. Kaewjai, P. Kalinak, A. Kalweit, A. Karasu Uysal, N. Karatzenis, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, E. Karpechev, M.J. Karwowska, U. Kebschull, M. Keil, B. Ketzer, J. Keul, S.S. Khade, A.M. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, Y. Kharlov, A. Khatun, A. Khuntia, Z. Khuranova, B. Kileng, B. Kim, C. Kim, D.J. Kim, D. Kim, E.J. Kim, G. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kim, T. Kim, K. Kimura, S. Kirsch, I. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kisiel, J.L. Klay, J. Klein, S. Klein, C. Klein-B”osing, M. Kleiner, A. Kluge, C. Kobdaj, R. Kohara, T. Kollegger, A. Kondratyev, N. Kondratyeva, J. Konig, P.J. Konopka, G. Kornakov, M. Korwieser, S.D. Koryciak, C. Koster, A. Kotliarov, N. Kovacic, V. Kovalenko, M. Kowalski, V. Kozhuharov, G. Kozlov, I. Králik, A. Kravčáková, L. Krcal, M. Krivda, F. Krizek, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, C. Krug, E. Kryshen, V. Kučera, C. Kuhn, T. Kumaoka, D. Kumar, L. Kumar, N. Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Kundu, M. Kuo, P. Kurashvili, A.B. Kurepin, S. Kurita, A. Kuryakin, S. Kushpil, V. Kuskov, M. Kutyla, A. Kuznetsov, M.J. Kweon, Y. Kwon, S. L La Pointe, P. La Rocca, A. Lakrathok, M. Lamanna, S. Lambert, A.R. Landou, R. Langoy, P. Larionov, E. Laudi, L. Lautner, R. A N Laveaga, R. Lavicka, R. Lea, H. Lee, I. Legrand, G. Legras, A.M. Lejeune, T.M. Lelek, R.C. Lemmon, I. León Monzón, M.M. Lesch, P. Lévai, M. Li, P. Li, X. Li, B.E. Liang-Gilman, J. Lien, R. Lietava, I. Likmeta, B. Lim, H. Lim, S.H. Lim, S. Lin, V. Lindenstruth, C. Lippmann, D. Liskova, D.H. Liu, J. Liu, G. S S Liveraro, I.M. Lofnes, C. Loizides, S. Lokos, J. Lömker, X. Lopez, E. López Torres, C. Lotteau, P. Lu, W. Lu, Z. Lu, F.V. Lugo, J. Luo, G. Luparello, M. A T Johnson, Y.G. Ma, M. Mager, A. Maire, E.M. Majerz, M.V. Makariev, M. Malaev, G. Malfattore, N.M. Malik, N. Malik, S.K. Malik, D. Mallick, N. Mallick, G. Mandaglio, S.K. Mandal, A. Manea, V. Manko, A.K. Manna, F. Manso, G. Mantzaridis, V. Manzari, Y. Mao, R.W. Marcjan, G.V. Margagliotti, A. Margotti, A. Marín, C. Markert, P. Martinengo, M.I. Martínez, G. Martínez García, M. P P Martins, S. Masciocchi, M. Masera, A. Masoni, L. Massacrier, O. Massen, A. Mastroserio, L. Mattei, S. Mattiazzo, A. Matyja, F. Mazzaschi, M. Mazzilli, Y. Melikyan, M. Melo, A. Menchaca-Rocha, J. E M Mendez, E. Meninno, A.S. Menon, M.W. Menzel, M. Meres, L. Micheletti, D. Mihai, D.L. Mihaylov, A.U. Mikalsen, K. Mikhaylov, L. Millot, N. Minafra, D. Miśkowiec, A. Modak, B. Mohanty, M. Mohisin, M.A. Molander, M.M. Mondal, S. Monira, D.A. Moreira De Godoy, I. Morozov, A. Morsch, T. Mrnjavac, S. Mrozinski, V. Muccifora, S. Muhuri, A. Mulliri, M.G. Munhoz, R.H. Munzer, H. Murakami, L. Musa, J. 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The first results of K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post"> ± </ce:sup> production at midrapidity (|<ce:italic>y</ce:italic>| < 0.5) in pp collisions at <mml:math altimg="si2.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mspace width="0.33em"></mml:mspace><mml:mo linebreak="goodbreak">=</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="0.33em"></mml:mspace><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> TeV as a function of the event multiplicity are presented. The K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post"> ± </ce:sup> has been reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K<mml:math altimg="si5.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>892</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="0.33em"></mml:mspace><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mspace width="0.33em"></mml:mspace><mml:mo linebreak="goodbreak">+</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="0.33em"></mml:mspace><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> using the ALICE detector at the LHC. For each multiplicity class, the differential transverse momentum (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">T</ce:inf>) spectrum, the mean transverse momentum ⟨<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">T</ce:inf>⟩, the <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">T</ce:inf>-integrated yield (d<ce:italic>N</ce:italic>/d<ce:italic>y</ce:italic>), and the ratio of the K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post"> ± </ce:sup> to <mml:math altimg="si3.svg"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> yields are reported. These are consistent with previous K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post">0</ce:sup> resonance results with a higher level of precision. Comparisons with phenomenological models such as PYTHIA6, PYTHIA8, EPOS-LHC, and DIPSY are also discussed. For the first time, a significant K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post"> ± </ce:sup>/<mml:math altimg="si3.svg"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> suppression in pp collisions is observed at a 7<ce:italic>σ</ce:italic> level passing from low to high multiplicity events. The ratios of the <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">T</ce:inf>-differential yields of K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post"> ± </ce:sup> and <mml:math altimg="si3.svg"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> in high and low multiplicity events are also presented along with their double ratio. For <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">T</ce:inf> ≲ 2 GeV/<ce:italic>c</ce:italic>
{"title":"Multiplicity dependence of K*(892) ± production in pp collisions at [formula omitted] TeV","authors":"The ALICE Collaboration, I.J. Abualrob, S. Acharya, G. Aglieri Rinella, L. Aglietta, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, I. Ahuja, Zul Akbar, A. Akindinov, V. Akishina, M. Al-Turany, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H.M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, B. Ali, A. Alici, A. Alkin, J. Alme, G. Alocco, T. Alt, A.R. Altamura, I. Altsybeev, C. Andrei, N. Andreou, A. Andronic, E. Andronov, V. Anguelov, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, N. Apadula, H. Appelsh, C. Arata, S. Arcelli, R. Arnaldi, J. G M C A Arneiro, I.C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, D. Averyanov, M.D. Azmi, H. Baba, A. R J Babu, A. Badal, J. Bae, Y. Bae, Y.W. Baek, X. Bai, R. Bailhache, Y. Bailung, R. Bala, A. Baldisseri, B. Balis, S. Bangalia, Z. Banoo, V. Barbasova, F. Barile, L. Barioglio, M. Barlou, B. Barman, G.G. Barnaf, L.S. Barnby, E. Barreau, V. Barret, L. Barreto, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, N. Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, D. Battistini, B. Batyunya, D. Bauri, J.L. Bazo Alba, I.G. Bearden, P. Becht, D. Behera, S. Behera, I. Belikov, V.D. Bella, F. Bellini, R. Bellwied, S. Belokurova, L. G E Beltran, Y. A V Beltran, G. Bencedi, A. Bensaoula, S. Beole, Y. Berdnikov, A. Berdnikova, L. Bergmann, L. Bernardinis, L. Betev, P.P. Bhaduri, T. Bhalla, A. Bhasin, B. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhattarai, L. Bianchi, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, A. Bilandzic, A. Binoy, G. Biro, S. Biswas, D. Blau, M.B. Blidaru, N. Bluhme, C. Blume, F. Bock, T. Bodova, J. Bok, L. Boldizsár, M. Bombara, P.M. Bond, G. Bonomi, H. Borel, A. Borissov, A.G. Borquez Carcamo, E. Botta, Y. E M Bouziani, D.C. Brandibur, L. Bratrud, P. Braun-Munzinger, M. Bregant, M. Broz, G.E. Bruno, V.D. Buchakchiev, M.D. Buckland, D. Budnikov, H. Buesching, S. Bufalino, P. Buhler, N. Burmasov, Z. Buthelezi, A. Bylinkin, C. Carr, J.C. Cabanillas Noris, M. F T Cabrera, H. Caines, A. Caliva, E. Calvo Villar, J. M M Camacho, P. Camerini, M.T. Camerlingo, F. D M Canedo, S. Cannito, S.L. Cantway, M. Carabas, F. Carnesecchi, L. A D Carvalho, J. Castillo Castellanos, M. Castoldi, F. Catalano, S. Cattaruzzi, R. Cerri, I. Chakaberia, P. Chakraborty, J. W O Chan, S. Chandra, S. Chapeland, M. Chartier, S. Chattopadhay, M. Chen, T. Cheng, C. Cheshkov, D. Chiappara, V. Chibante Barroso, D.D. Chinellato, F. Chinu, E.S. Chizzali, J. Cho, S. Cho, P. Chochula, Z.A. Chochulska, P. Christakoglou, C.H. Christensen, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, M. Ciacco, C. Cicalo, G. Cimador, F. Cindolo, M.R. Ciupek, G. Clai, F. Colamaria, J.S. Colburn, D. Colella, A. Colelli, M. Colocci, M. Concas, G. Conesa Balbastre, Z. Conesa del Valle, G. Contin, J.G. Contreras, M.L. Coquet, P. Cortese, M.R. Cosentino, F. Costa, S. Costanza, P. Crochet, M.M. Czarnynoga, A. Dainese, G. Dange, M.C. Danisch, A. Danu, P. Das, S. Das, A.R. Dash, S. Dash, A. De Caro, G. De Cataldo, J. De Cuveland, A. De Falco, D. De Gruttola, N. De Marco, C. De Martin, S. De Pasquale, R. Deb, R. Del Grande, L. Dello Stritto, G. G A De Souza, P. Dhankher, D. Di Bari, M. Di Costanzo, A. Di Mauro, B. Di Ruzza, B. Diab, Y. Ding, J. Ditzel, R. Divi, ø Djuvsland, U. Dmitrieva, A. Dobrin, B. Dönigus, L. Döpper, J.M. Dubinski, A. Dubla, P. Dupieux, N. Dzalaiova, T.M. Eder, R.J. Ehlers, F. Eisenhut, R. Ejima, D. Elia, B. Erazmus, F. Ercolessi, B. Espagnon, G. Eulisse, D. Evans, S. Evdokimov, L. Fabbietti, M. Faggin, J. Faivre, F. Fan, W. Fan, T. Fang, A. Fantoni, M. Fasel, G. Feofilov, A. Fernández Téllez, L. Ferrandi, M.B. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, C. Ferrero, A. Ferretti, V. J G Feuillard, D. Finogeev, F.M. Fionda, A.N. Flores, S. Foertsch, I. Fokin, S. Fokin, U. Follo, R. Forynski, E. Fragiacomo, E. Frajna, H. Fribert, U. Fuchs, N. Funicello, C. Furget, A. Furs, T. Fusayasu, J.J. Gaardhøje, M. Gagliardi, A.M. Gago, T. Gahlaut, C.D. Galvan, S. Gami, D.R. Gangadharan, P. Ganoti, C. Garabatos, J.M. Garcia, T. García Chávez, E. Garcia-Solis, S. Garetti, C. Gargiulo, P. Gasik, H.M. Gaur, A. Gautam, M. B Gay Ducati, M. Germain, R.A. Gernhaeuser, C. Ghosh, M. Giacalone, G. Gioachin, S.K. Giri, P. Giubellino, P. Giubilato, P. Gl, E. Glimos, V. Gonzalez, P. Gordeev, M. Gorgon, K. Goswami, S. Gotovac, V. Grabski, L.K. Graczykowski, E. Grecka, A. Grelli, C. Grigoras, V. Grigoriev, S. Grigoryan, O.S. Groettvik, F. Grosa, J.F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, R. Grosso, D. Grund, N.A. Grunwald, R. Guernane, M. Guilbaud, K. Gulbrandsen, J.K. Gumprecht, T. Gündem, T. Gunji, J. Guo, W. Guo, A. Gupta, R. Gupta, R. Gupta, K. Gwizdziel, L. Gyulai, C. Hadjidakis, F.U. Haider, S. Haidlova, M. Haldar, H. Hamagaki, Y. Han, B.G. Hanley, R. Hannigan, J. Hansen, J.W. Harris, A. Harton, M.V. Hartung, H. Hassan, D. Hatzifotiadou, P. Hauer, L.B. Havener, E. Hellb, H. Helstrup, M. Hemmer, T. Herman, S.G. Hernandez, G. Herrera Corral, K.F. Hetland, B. Heybeck, H. Hillemanns, B. Hippolyte, I. P M Hobus, F.W. Hoffmann, B. Hofman, M. Horst, A. Horzyk, Y. Hou, P. Hristov, P. Huhn, L.M. Huhta, T.J. Humanic, V. Humlova, A. Hutson, D. Hutter, M.C. Hwang, R. Ilkaev, M. Inaba, M. Ippolitov, A. Isakov, T. Isidori, M.S. Islam, S. Iurchenko, M. Ivanov, M. Ivanov, V. Ivanov, K.E. Iversen, J.G. Kim, M. Jablonski, B. Jacak, N. Jacazio, P.M. Jacobs, S. Jadlovska, J. Jadlovsky, S. Jaelani, C. Jahnke, M.J. Jakubowska, D.M. Janik, M.A. Janik, S. Ji, S. Jia, T. Jiang, A. A P Jimenez, S. Jin, F. Jonas, D.M. Jones, J.M. Jowett, J. Jung, M. Jung, A. Junique, A. Jusko, J. Kaewjai, P. Kalinak, A. Kalweit, A. Karasu Uysal, N. Karatzenis, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, E. Karpechev, M.J. Karwowska, U. Kebschull, M. Keil, B. Ketzer, J. Keul, S.S. Khade, A.M. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, Y. Kharlov, A. Khatun, A. Khuntia, Z. Khuranova, B. Kileng, B. Kim, C. Kim, D.J. Kim, D. Kim, E.J. Kim, G. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kim, T. Kim, K. Kimura, S. Kirsch, I. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kisiel, J.L. Klay, J. Klein, S. Klein, C. Klein-B”osing, M. Kleiner, A. Kluge, C. Kobdaj, R. Kohara, T. Kollegger, A. Kondratyev, N. Kondratyeva, J. Konig, P.J. Konopka, G. Kornakov, M. Korwieser, S.D. Koryciak, C. Koster, A. Kotliarov, N. Kovacic, V. Kovalenko, M. Kowalski, V. Kozhuharov, G. Kozlov, I. Králik, A. Kravčáková, L. Krcal, M. Krivda, F. Krizek, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, C. Krug, E. Kryshen, V. Kučera, C. Kuhn, T. Kumaoka, D. Kumar, L. Kumar, N. Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Kundu, M. Kuo, P. Kurashvili, A.B. Kurepin, S. Kurita, A. Kuryakin, S. Kushpil, V. Kuskov, M. Kutyla, A. Kuznetsov, M.J. Kweon, Y. Kwon, S. L La Pointe, P. La Rocca, A. Lakrathok, M. Lamanna, S. Lambert, A.R. Landou, R. Langoy, P. Larionov, E. Laudi, L. Lautner, R. A N Laveaga, R. Lavicka, R. Lea, H. Lee, I. Legrand, G. Legras, A.M. Lejeune, T.M. Lelek, R.C. Lemmon, I. León Monzón, M.M. Lesch, P. Lévai, M. Li, P. Li, X. Li, B.E. Liang-Gilman, J. Lien, R. Lietava, I. Likmeta, B. Lim, H. Lim, S.H. Lim, S. Lin, V. Lindenstruth, C. Lippmann, D. Liskova, D.H. Liu, J. Liu, G. S S Liveraro, I.M. Lofnes, C. Loizides, S. Lokos, J. Lömker, X. Lopez, E. López Torres, C. Lotteau, P. Lu, W. Lu, Z. Lu, F.V. Lugo, J. Luo, G. Luparello, M. A T Johnson, Y.G. Ma, M. Mager, A. Maire, E.M. Majerz, M.V. Makariev, M. Malaev, G. Malfattore, N.M. Malik, N. Malik, S.K. Malik, D. Mallick, N. Mallick, G. Mandaglio, S.K. Mandal, A. Manea, V. Manko, A.K. Manna, F. Manso, G. Mantzaridis, V. Manzari, Y. Mao, R.W. Marcjan, G.V. Margagliotti, A. Margotti, A. Marín, C. Markert, P. Martinengo, M.I. Martínez, G. Martínez García, M. P P Martins, S. Masciocchi, M. Masera, A. Masoni, L. Massacrier, O. Massen, A. Mastroserio, L. Mattei, S. Mattiazzo, A. Matyja, F. Mazzaschi, M. Mazzilli, Y. Melikyan, M. Melo, A. Menchaca-Rocha, J. E M Mendez, E. Meninno, A.S. Menon, M.W. Menzel, M. Meres, L. Micheletti, D. Mihai, D.L. Mihaylov, A.U. Mikalsen, K. Mikhaylov, L. Millot, N. Minafra, D. Miśkowiec, A. Modak, B. Mohanty, M. Mohisin, M.A. Molander, M.M. Mondal, S. Monira, D.A. Moreira De Godoy, I. Morozov, A. Morsch, T. Mrnjavac, S. Mrozinski, V. Muccifora, S. Muhuri, A. Mulliri, M.G. Munhoz, R.H. Munzer, H. Murakami, L. Musa, J. Musinsky, J.W. Myrcha, N.B. Sundstrom, B. Naik, A.I. Nambrath, B.K. Nandi, R. Nania, E. Nappi, A.F. Nassirpour, V. Nastase, A. Nath, N.F. Nathanson, C. Nattrass, K. Naumov, A. Neagu, L. Nellen, R. Nepeivoda, S. Nese, N. Nicassio, B.S. Nielsen, E.G. Nielsen, S. Nikolaev, V. Nikulin, F. Noferini, S. Noh, P. Nomokonov, J. Norman, N. Novitzky, J. Nystrand, M.R. Ockleton, M. Ogino, S. Oh, A. Ohlson, M. Oida, V.A. Okorokov, J. Oleniacz, C. Oppedisano, A. Ortiz Velasquez, H. Osanai, J. Otwinowski, M. Oya, K. Oyama, S. Padhan, D. Pagano, G. Paić, S. Paisano-Guzmán, A. Palasciano, I. Panasenko, S. Panebianco, P. Panigrahi, C. Pantouvakis, H. Park, J. Park, S. Park, T.Y. Park, J.E. Parkkila, P.B. Pati, Y. Patley, R.N. Patra, P. Paudel, B. Paul, H. Pei, T. Peitzmann, X. Peng, M. Pennisi, S. Perciballi, D. Peresunko, G.M. Perez, Y. Pestov, V. Petrov, M. Petrovici, S. Piano, M. Pikna, P. Pillot, O. Pinazza, L. Pinsky, C. Pinto, S. Pisano, M. Płoskoń, M. Planinic, D.K. Plociennik, M.G. Poghosyan, B. Polichtchouk, S. Politano, N. Poljak, A. Pop, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, I.Y. Pozos, K.K. Pradhan, S.K. Prasad, S. Prasad, R. Preghenella, F. Prino, C.A. Pruneau, I. Pshenichnov, M. Puccio, S. Pucillo, L. Quaglia, A. M K Radhakrishnan, S. Ragoni, A. Rai, A. Rakotozafindrabe, N. Ramasubramanian, L. Ramello, C.O. Ramírez-álvarez, M. Rasa, S.S. Räsänen, M.P. Rauch, I. Ravasenga, K.F. Read, C. Reckziegel, A.R. Redelbach, K. Redlich, C.A. Reetz, H.D. Regules-Medel, A. Rehman, F. Reidt, H.A. Reme-Ness, K. Reygers, V. Riabov, R. Ricci, M. Richter, A.A. Riedel, W. Riegler, A.G. Riffero, M. Rignanese, C. Ripoli, C. Ristea, M.V. Rodriguez, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, K. Røed, R. Rogalev, E. Rogochaya, D. Rohr, D. Röhrich, S. Rojas Torres, P.S. Rokita, G. Romanenko, F. Ronchetti, D. Rosales Herrera, A. Rosano, E.D. Rosas, K. Roslon, A. Rossi, A. Roy, S. Roy, N. Rubini, J.A. Rudolph, D. Ruggiano, R. Rui, P.G. Russek, R. Russo, A. Rustamov, E. Ryabinkin, Y. Ryabov, A. Rybicki, L. C V Ryder, J. Ryu, W. Rzesa, B. Sabiu, S. Sadhu, S. Sadovsky, J. Saetre, S. Saha, B. Sahoo, R. Sahoo, D. Sahu, P.K. Sahu, J. Saini, K. Sajdakova, S. Sakai, S. Sambyal, D. Samitz, I. Sanna, T.B. Saramela, D. Sarkar, P. Sarma, V. Sarritzu, V.M. Sarti, M. H P Sas, S. Sawan, E. Scapparone, J. Schambach, H.S. Scheid, C. Schiaua, R. Schicker, F. Schlepper, A. Schmah, C. Schmidt, M.O. Schmidt, M. Schmidt, N.V. Schmidt, A.R. Schmier, J. Schoengarth, R. Schotter, A. Schr, J. Schukraft, K. Schweda, G. Scioli, E. Scomparin, J.E. Seger, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sekihata, M. Selina, I. Selyuzhenkov, S. Senyukov, J.J. Seo, D. Serebryakov, L. Serkin, L. Šerkšnytė, A. Sevcenco, T.J. Shaba, A. Shabetai, R. Shahoyan, A. Shangaraev, B. Sharma, D. Sharma, H. Sharma, M. Sharma, S. Sharma, T. Sharma, U. Sharma, A. Shatat, O. Sheibani, K. Shigaki, M. Shimomura, S. Shirinkin, Q. Shou, Y. Sibiriak, S. Siddhanta, T. Siemiarczuk, T.F. Silva, D. Silvermyr, T. Simantathammakul, R. Simeonov, B. Singh, B. Singh, K. Singh, R. Singh, R. Singh, S. Singh, V.K. Singh, V. Singhal, T. Sinha, B. Sitar, M. Sitta, T.B. Skaali, G. Skorodumovs, N. Smirnov, R. J M Snellings, E.H. Solheim, C. Sonnabend, J.M. Sonneveld, F. Soramel, A.B. Soto-Hernandez, R. Spijkers, I. Sputowska, J. Staa, J. Stachel, I. Stan, T. Stellhorn, S.F. Stiefelmaier, D. Stocco, I. Storehaug, N.J. Strangmann, P. Stratmann, S. Strazzi, A. Sturniolo, C.P. Stylianidis, A. A P Suaide, C. Suire, A. Suiu, M. Sukhanov, M. Suljic, R. Sultanov, V. Sumberia, S. Sumowidagdo, L.H. Tabares, S.F. Taghavi, J. Takahashi, G.J. Tambave, Z. Tang, J. Tanwar, J.D. Tapia Takaki, N. Tapus, L.A. Tarasovicova, M.G. Tarzila, A. Tauro, A. Tavira García, G. Tejeda Muñoz, L. Terlizzi, C. Terrevoli, D. Thakur, S. Thakur, M. Thogersen, D. Thomas, A. Tikhonov, N. Tiltmann, A.R. Timmins, A. Toia, R. Tokumoto, S. Tomassini, K. Tomohiro, N. Topilskaya, M. Toppi, V.V. Torres, A. Trifiró, T. Triloki, A.S. Triolo, S. Tripathy, T. Tripathy, S. Trogolo, V. Trubnikov, W.H. Trzaska, T.P. Trzcinski, C. Tsolanta, R. Tu, A. Tumkin, R. Turrisi, T.S. Tveter, K. Ullaland, B. Ulukutlu, S. Upadhyaya, A. Uras, M. Urioni, G.L. Usai, M. Vaid, M. Vala, N. Valle, L. V R Van Doremalen, M. Van Leeuwen, C.A. Van Veen, R. J G Van Weelden, D. Varga, Z. Varga, P. Vargas Torres, M. Vasileiou, A. Vasiliev, O. Vázquez Doce, O. Vazquez Rueda, V. Vechernin, P. Veen, E. Vercellin, R. Verma, R. Vértesi, M. Verweij, L. Vickovic, Z. Vilakazi, O. Villalobos Baillie, A. Villani, A. Vinogradov, T. Virgili, M. M O Virta, A. Vodopyanov, B. Volkel, M.A. Völkl, S.A. Voloshin, G. Volpe, B. Von Haller, I. Vorobyev, N. Vozniuk, J. Vrláková, J. Wan, C. Wang, D. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Wegrzynek, F. Weiglhofer, S.C. Wenzel, J.P. Wessels, P.K. Wiacek, J. Wiechula, J. Wikne, G. Wilk, J. Wilkinson, G.A. Willems, B. Windelband, M. Winn, J. Witte, M. Wojnar, J.R. Wright, C.-T Wu, W. Wu, Y. Wu, K. Xiong, Z. Xiong, L. Xu, R. Xu, A. Yadav, A.K. Yadav, Y. Yamaguchi, S. Yang, S. Yang, S. Yano, E.R. Yeats, J. Yi, R. Yin, Z. Yin, I.-K Yoo, J.H. Yoon, H. Yu, S. Yuan, A. Yuncu, V. Zaccolo, C. Zampolli, F. Zanone, N. Zardoshti, P. Závada, M. Zhalov, B. Zhang, C. Zhang, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, M. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, M. Zhao, V. Zherebchevskii, Y. Zhi, D. Zhou, Y. Zhou, J. Zhu, S. Zhu, Y. Zhu, S.C. Zugravel, N. Zurlo","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140253","url":null,"abstract":"The first results of K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\"> ± </ce:sup> production at midrapidity (|<ce:italic>y</ce:italic>| < 0.5) in pp collisions at <mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mspace width=\"0.33em\"></mml:mspace><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\">=</mml:mo><mml:mspace width=\"0.33em\"></mml:mspace><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> TeV as a function of the event multiplicity are presented. The K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\"> ± </ce:sup> has been reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K<mml:math altimg=\"si5.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>892</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mspace width=\"0.33em\"></mml:mspace><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mspace width=\"0.33em\"></mml:mspace><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\">+</mml:mo><mml:mspace width=\"0.33em\"></mml:mspace><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> using the ALICE detector at the LHC. For each multiplicity class, the differential transverse momentum (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf>) spectrum, the mean transverse momentum ⟨<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf>⟩, the <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf>-integrated yield (d<ce:italic>N</ce:italic>/d<ce:italic>y</ce:italic>), and the ratio of the K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\"> ± </ce:sup> to <mml:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> yields are reported. These are consistent with previous K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\">0</ce:sup> resonance results with a higher level of precision. Comparisons with phenomenological models such as PYTHIA6, PYTHIA8, EPOS-LHC, and DIPSY are also discussed. For the first time, a significant K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\"> ± </ce:sup>/<mml:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> suppression in pp collisions is observed at a 7<ce:italic>σ</ce:italic> level passing from low to high multiplicity events. The ratios of the <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf>-differential yields of K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\"> ± </ce:sup> and <mml:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> in high and low multiplicity events are also presented along with their double ratio. For <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf> ≲ 2 GeV/<ce:italic>c</ce:italic>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.22331/q-2026-02-09-2001
Hemant Sharma, Kenneth Goodenough, Johannes Borregaard, Filip Rozpędek, Jonas Helsen
Graph states are a powerful class of entangled states with numerous applications in quantum communication and quantum computation. Local Clifford (LC) operations that map one graph state to another can alter the structure of the corresponding graphs, including changing the number of edges. Here, we tackle the associated edge-minimisation problem: finding graphs with the minimum number of edges in the LC-equivalence class of a given graph. Such graphs are called minimum edge representatives (MER) and are crucial for minimising the resources required to create a graph state. We leverage Bouchet's algebraic formulation of LC-equivalence to encode the edge-minimisation problem as an integer linear program (EDM-ILP). We further propose a simulated annealing (EDM-SA) approach guided by the local clustering coefficient for edge minimisation. We identify new MERs for graph states with up to 16 qubits by combining EDM-SA and EDM-ILP. We extend the ILP to weighted-edge minimisation, where each edge has an associated weight, and prove that this problem is NP-complete. Finally, we employ our tools to minimise the resources required to create all-photonic generalised repeater graph states using fusion operations.
{"title":"Minimising the number of edges in LC-equivalent graph states","authors":"Hemant Sharma, Kenneth Goodenough, Johannes Borregaard, Filip Rozpędek, Jonas Helsen","doi":"10.22331/q-2026-02-09-2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2026-02-09-2001","url":null,"abstract":"Graph states are a powerful class of entangled states with numerous applications in quantum communication and quantum computation. Local Clifford (LC) operations that map one graph state to another can alter the structure of the corresponding graphs, including changing the number of edges. Here, we tackle the associated edge-minimisation problem: finding graphs with the minimum number of edges in the LC-equivalence class of a given graph. Such graphs are called minimum edge representatives (MER) and are crucial for minimising the resources required to create a graph state. We leverage Bouchet's algebraic formulation of LC-equivalence to encode the edge-minimisation problem as an integer linear program (EDM-ILP). We further propose a simulated annealing (EDM-SA) approach guided by the local clustering coefficient for edge minimisation. We identify new MERs for graph states with up to 16 qubits by combining EDM-SA and EDM-ILP. We extend the ILP to weighted-edge minimisation, where each edge has an associated weight, and prove that this problem is NP-complete. Finally, we employ our tools to minimise the resources required to create all-photonic generalised repeater graph states using fusion operations.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xi Luo, Xin Hu, Ying Lu, Yifan Ji, Lu Lu, Guangyu Zhou, Dongdong Chu, Ning Li, Xiubao Sui, Qian Chen
The ability to detect narrowband optical signals is important in optical communication, precise target identification, etc. This study proposes a method to achieve dual-narrowband visible/NIR detection with gain based on the synergistic regulation of optical and electrical properties of a single device. The device integrates two distinct bulk-heterojunctions (BHJs), one with visible and the other with NIR absorption, in a back-to-back configuration. This design enables bias-switchable visible/NIR dual-band detection with photomultiplication, which is controlled by regulating carrier injection from the external circuit. Furthermore, by incorporating an optical microcavity to modulate the light field distribution, tunable visible/NIR dual-narrowband photodetection is achieved, with a capability to switch the two wavelengths by changing the polarity of bias. For example, narrowband responses at 450 and 810 nm are achieved, where the two modes can be switched by changing the bias polarity. A peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1050% is obtained at 450 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 50 nm. A peak EQE of 130% with an FWHM of 75 nm is observed at 810 nm. Notably, this device demonstrates excellent performance in anti-interference optical communication, operating without the need for additional optical filters.
{"title":"Tunable Visible/NIR Dual-Narrowband Organic Photodetectors with Photomultiplication for Interference-Resistant Optical Communication","authors":"Xi Luo, Xin Hu, Ying Lu, Yifan Ji, Lu Lu, Guangyu Zhou, Dongdong Chu, Ning Li, Xiubao Sui, Qian Chen","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502956","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to detect narrowband optical signals is important in optical communication, precise target identification, etc. This study proposes a method to achieve dual-narrowband visible/NIR detection with gain based on the synergistic regulation of optical and electrical properties of a single device. The device integrates two distinct bulk-heterojunctions (BHJs), one with visible and the other with NIR absorption, in a back-to-back configuration. This design enables bias-switchable visible/NIR dual-band detection with photomultiplication, which is controlled by regulating carrier injection from the external circuit. Furthermore, by incorporating an optical microcavity to modulate the light field distribution, tunable visible/NIR dual-narrowband photodetection is achieved, with a capability to switch the two wavelengths by changing the polarity of bias. For example, narrowband responses at 450 and 810 nm are achieved, where the two modes can be switched by changing the bias polarity. A peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1050% is obtained at 450 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 50 nm. A peak EQE of 130% with an FWHM of 75 nm is observed at 810 nm. Notably, this device demonstrates excellent performance in anti-interference optical communication, operating without the need for additional optical filters.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140265
Yue Li, Fan Liu, Rui Wang, Jie Yang
By using the integrable lattice model proposed by Maulik and Okounkov, we derive the (higher) Hamiltonians of the (generalized) trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland models. Then in terms of these (higher) Hamiltonians, we further construct certain nested structures and derive the commutative operators which coincide with the (higher) Hamiltonians of the (generalized) rational Calogero-Sutherland models.
{"title":"The (higher) Hamiltonians of (generalized) trigonometric and rational Calogero-Sutherland models by MO R-matrix","authors":"Yue Li, Fan Liu, Rui Wang, Jie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140265","url":null,"abstract":"By using the integrable lattice model proposed by Maulik and Okounkov, we derive the (higher) Hamiltonians of the (generalized) trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland models. Then in terms of these (higher) Hamiltonians, we further construct certain nested structures and derive the commutative operators which coincide with the (higher) Hamiltonians of the (generalized) rational Calogero-Sutherland models.","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02612
Haidi Qiu, Xueqian Zhang, Qingwei Wang, Xi Feng, Li Niu, Quan Xu, Weili Zhang, Jiaguang Han
The ability to sculpt terahertz (THz) wavefronts in the generation process is crucial for communication and imaging applications. However, related devices, known as functional THz emitters with wavefront modulation capabilities, remain scarce. Here, we propose an approach for directly generating specific THz wavefronts based on a bias-free photoconductive THz emitter using bimetal antennas. The emitted THz radiation arises from the drift current driven by the lateral Schottky (LS) barrier and the lateral photo-Dember (LPD) effect. Meanwhile, by precisely engineering the geometric parameters and orientation of the antenna, we achieve continuous control over both the amplitude and phase of the emitted THz waves, thus, allowing the flexible control of the THz wavefront. Our method enables broadband THz wavefront control with a simple design, low fabrication cost, and suitability for large-area processing.
{"title":"Bias-Free Functional Terahertz Photoconductive Emitter","authors":"Haidi Qiu, Xueqian Zhang, Qingwei Wang, Xi Feng, Li Niu, Quan Xu, Weili Zhang, Jiaguang Han","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02612","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to sculpt terahertz (THz) wavefronts in the generation process is crucial for communication and imaging applications. However, related devices, known as functional THz emitters with wavefront modulation capabilities, remain scarce. Here, we propose an approach for directly generating specific THz wavefronts based on a bias-free photoconductive THz emitter using bimetal antennas. The emitted THz radiation arises from the drift current driven by the lateral Schottky (LS) barrier and the lateral photo-Dember (LPD) effect. Meanwhile, by precisely engineering the geometric parameters and orientation of the antenna, we achieve continuous control over both the amplitude and phase of the emitted THz waves, thus, allowing the flexible control of the THz wavefront. Our method enables broadband THz wavefront control with a simple design, low fabrication cost, and suitability for large-area processing.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140259
Nikita Tselousov
We consider algebras acting on Schur and Q-Schur polynomials, corresponding to Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) and BKP hierarchies. We present them in the spirit of affine Yangians, paying special attention to commutative subalgebras, box additivity property of eigenvalues and single hook expansion of operators.
{"title":"Algebra of operators for Q-Schur polynomials","authors":"Nikita Tselousov","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140259","url":null,"abstract":"We consider algebras acting on Schur and Q-Schur polynomials, corresponding to Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) and BKP hierarchies. We present them in the spirit of affine Yangians, paying special attention to commutative subalgebras, box additivity property of eigenvalues and single hook expansion of operators.","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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