Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0663
Shahriar Esmaeili, Navid Rajil, Ayla Hazrathosseini, Benjamin W. Neuman, Masfer H. Alkahtani, Dipankar Sen, Qiang Hu, Hung-Jen Wu, Zhenhuan Yi, Robert W. Brick, Alexei V. Sokolov, Philip R. Hemmer, Marlan O. Scully
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global economies and healthcare systems, revealing critical vulnerabilities in both. In response, our study introduces a sensitive and highly specific detection method for cDNA, leveraging Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (LRET) between upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and achieves a detection limit of 242 fM for SARS-CoV-2 cDNA. This innovative sensing platform utilizes UCNPs conjugated with one primer and AuNPs with another, targeting the 5′ and 3′ ends of the SARS-CoV-2 cDNA, respectively, enabling precise differentiation of mismatched cDNA sequences and significantly improving detection specificity. Through rigorous experimental analysis, we established a quenching efficiency range from 10.4 % to 73.6 %, with an optimal midpoint of 42 %, thereby demonstrating the superior sensitivity of our method. Our work uses SARS-CoV-2 cDNA as a model system to demonstrate the potential of our LRET-based detection method. This proof-of-concept study highlights the adaptability of our platform for future diagnostic applications. Instrumental validation confirms the synthesis and formation of AuNPs, addressing the need for experimental verification of the preparation of nanomaterial. Our comparative analysis with existing SARS-CoV-2 detection methods revealed that our approach provides a low detection limit and high specificity for target cDNA sequences, underscoring its potential for targeted COVID-19 diagnostics. This study demonstrates the superior sensitivity and adaptability of using UCNPs and AuNPs for cDNA detection, offering significant advances in rapid, accessible diagnostic technologies. Our method, characterized by its low detection limit and high precision, represents a critical step forward in developing next-generation biosensors for managing current and future viral outbreaks. By adjusting primer sequences, this platform can be tailored to detect other pathogens, contributing to the enhancement of global healthcare responsiveness and infectious disease control.
{"title":"Quantum-enhanced detection of viral cDNA via luminescence resonance energy transfer using upconversion and gold nanoparticles","authors":"Shahriar Esmaeili, Navid Rajil, Ayla Hazrathosseini, Benjamin W. Neuman, Masfer H. Alkahtani, Dipankar Sen, Qiang Hu, Hung-Jen Wu, Zhenhuan Yi, Robert W. Brick, Alexei V. Sokolov, Philip R. Hemmer, Marlan O. Scully","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0663","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global economies and healthcare systems, revealing critical vulnerabilities in both. In response, our study introduces a sensitive and highly specific detection method for cDNA, leveraging Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (LRET) between upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and achieves a detection limit of 242 fM for SARS-CoV-2 cDNA. This innovative sensing platform utilizes UCNPs conjugated with one primer and AuNPs with another, targeting the 5′ and 3′ ends of the SARS-CoV-2 cDNA, respectively, enabling precise differentiation of mismatched cDNA sequences and significantly improving detection specificity. Through rigorous experimental analysis, we established a quenching efficiency range from 10.4 % to 73.6 %, with an optimal midpoint of 42 %, thereby demonstrating the superior sensitivity of our method. Our work uses SARS-CoV-2 cDNA as a model system to demonstrate the potential of our LRET-based detection method. This proof-of-concept study highlights the adaptability of our platform for future diagnostic applications. Instrumental validation confirms the synthesis and formation of AuNPs, addressing the need for experimental verification of the preparation of nanomaterial. Our comparative analysis with existing SARS-CoV-2 detection methods revealed that our approach provides a low detection limit and high specificity for target cDNA sequences, underscoring its potential for targeted COVID-19 diagnostics. This study demonstrates the superior sensitivity and adaptability of using UCNPs and AuNPs for cDNA detection, offering significant advances in rapid, accessible diagnostic technologies. Our method, characterized by its low detection limit and high precision, represents a critical step forward in developing next-generation biosensors for managing current and future viral outbreaks. By adjusting primer sequences, this platform can be tailored to detect other pathogens, contributing to the enhancement of global healthcare responsiveness and infectious disease control.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112835
Taoran Yue , Xiaojin Lu , Jiaxi Cai , Yuanping Chen , Shibing Chu
With the advancement of aerospace technology and the increasing demands of military applications, the development of low false-alarm and high-precision infrared small target detection algorithms has emerged as a key focus of research globally. However, the traditional model-driven method is not robust enough when dealing with features such as noise, target size, and contrast. The existing deep-learning methods have limited ability to extract and fuse key features, and it is difficult to achieve high-precision detection in complex backgrounds and when target features are not obvious. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a deep-learning infrared small target detection method that combines image super-resolution technology with multi-scale observation. First, the input infrared images are preprocessed with super-resolution and multiple data enhancements are performed. Secondly, based on the YOLOv5 model, we proposed a new deep-learning network named YOLO-MST. This network includes replacing the SPPF module with the self-designed MSFA module in the backbone, optimizing the neck, and finally adding a multi-scale dynamic detection head to the prediction head. By dynamically fusing features from different scales, the detection head can better adapt to complex scenes. The [email protected] detection rates of this method on three datasets IRIS, SIRST and SIRST+ reach 99.5%, 96.4% and 91.4% respectively, more effectively solving the problems of missed detection, false alarms, and low precision.
{"title":"YOLO-MST: Multiscale deep learning method for infrared small target detection based on super-resolution and YOLO","authors":"Taoran Yue , Xiaojin Lu , Jiaxi Cai , Yuanping Chen , Shibing Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of aerospace technology and the increasing demands of military applications, the development of low false-alarm and high-precision infrared small target detection algorithms has emerged as a key focus of research globally. However, the traditional model-driven method is not robust enough when dealing with features such as noise, target size, and contrast. The existing deep-learning methods have limited ability to extract and fuse key features, and it is difficult to achieve high-precision detection in complex backgrounds and when target features are not obvious. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a deep-learning infrared small target detection method that combines image super-resolution technology with multi-scale observation. First, the input infrared images are preprocessed with super-resolution and multiple data enhancements are performed. Secondly, based on the YOLOv5 model, we proposed a new deep-learning network named YOLO-MST. This network includes replacing the SPPF module with the self-designed MSFA module in the backbone, optimizing the neck, and finally adding a multi-scale dynamic detection head to the prediction head. By dynamically fusing features from different scales, the detection head can better adapt to complex scenes. The [email protected] detection rates of this method on three datasets IRIS, SIRST and SIRST+ reach 99.5%, 96.4% and 91.4% respectively, more effectively solving the problems of missed detection, false alarms, and low precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 112835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of eco-friendly, flexibly preparable, and highly efficient glass scintillators is of paramount importance for practical applications in fields such as medical imaging and radiation detection. Herein, a series of Tb3+-doped oxyfluoride glass is successfully synthesized using the high-temperature melt-quenching method. The oxyfluoride glasses exhibit bright green photoluminescence with an internal quantum yield (IQE) of 95.6% and high optical transmittance exceeding 85% at 550 nm. Specifically, the optimized LASNG: 4 mol% Tb3+ glass demonstrates superior performance, including a significantly enhanced X-ray excites luminescence (XEL) with an integrated intensity 209% that of Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) and an exceptional spatial resolution of 30 lp∙mm−1 under X-ray irradiation-surpassing most of the reported glass scintillators. Additionally, it also exhibits a linear response to X-ray dose rates with a low detection limit of 1.5 µGy∙s−1 and maintains excellent irradiation stability under continuous X-ray exposure. This study proposes a promising approach for the development of cost-effective, high-resolution, and scalable glass scintillators tailored for X-ray imaging and detection applications.
{"title":"Flexibly Prepared Tb3+-Doped Oxyfluoride Glass Scintillators with Enhanced Luminescence for X-Ray Imaging and Detection","authors":"Dandan Zhang, Shisheng Lin, Mengling Xia, Yu Rao, Sen Qian, Jing Ren, Xianghua Zhang, Yinsheng Xu, Daqin Chen","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500354","url":null,"abstract":"The development of eco-friendly, flexibly preparable, and highly efficient glass scintillators is of paramount importance for practical applications in fields such as medical imaging and radiation detection. Herein, a series of Tb<sup>3+</sup>-doped oxyfluoride glass is successfully synthesized using the high-temperature melt-quenching method. The oxyfluoride glasses exhibit bright green photoluminescence with an internal quantum yield (IQE) of 95.6% and high optical transmittance exceeding 85% at 550 nm. Specifically, the optimized LASNG: 4 mol% Tb<sup>3+</sup> glass demonstrates superior performance, including a significantly enhanced X-ray excites luminescence (XEL) with an integrated intensity 209% that of Bi<sub>4</sub>Ge<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (BGO) and an exceptional spatial resolution of 30 lp∙mm<sup>−1</sup> under X-ray irradiation-surpassing most of the reported glass scintillators. Additionally, it also exhibits a linear response to X-ray dose rates with a low detection limit of 1.5 µGy∙s<sup>−1</sup> and maintains excellent irradiation stability under continuous X-ray exposure. This study proposes a promising approach for the development of cost-effective, high-resolution, and scalable glass scintillators tailored for X-ray imaging and detection applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112856
Donghui Zhang , Tianxi Zhai , Yingjie Yu , Cheng Zhang , Yilan Chen , Jian Cui , Xiaobo Zhuang , Xiulin Qiu , Yuxin Wei , Xiangyang Pang , Zhigang Liu , Zhiyu Zhu , Ziruo Cui
Laser-illuminated imaging, capable of over-the-horizon detection, is extensively utilized in remote sensing and mapping of space, polar regions, and oceans. Under partly coherent laser illumination, random bright and dark patches caused by phase change of light waves due to minute optical path difference in differential interferometric contrast imaging, hence diminishing image quality. This paper investigated the phase-modulated speckle suppression mechanism under partially coherent light and proposed a spatio-temporal dynamic speckle autocorrelation suppression method using microstructured waveguides. By enhancing the conventional reflective differential interference contrast imaging systems with a partially coherent laser as the illumination source and incorporating a point-array microstructure device, spatio-temporal dynamic experiments were conducted through the integration of beam angle and displacement transformations. The results demonstrated that Ir-coated, curved surface-like dot-array homogenizing devices which assisted in imaging effectively achieve spot homogenization and uniform energy distribution, leveraging the scattering suppression capabilities inherent in their material and structural design. In both air and underwater environments, when the light source was uniformly translating or rotating and reached the autocorrelation threshold, the scattering optical range difference was most uniformly distributed; at the same time, when the angle of incidence reached the autocorrelation threshold, the coherence width of the light field was largest, the phase difference was smallest, and the imaging quality was best. Especially in the underwater imaging experiments, the proposed microstructure design combined with the dynamic modulation of the light source demonstrated superior scattering suppression capability, providing an effective way to improve underwater imaging quality.
{"title":"Research on spatiotemporal dynamic speckle suppression mechanism in microstructured waveguide illumination DIC imaging","authors":"Donghui Zhang , Tianxi Zhai , Yingjie Yu , Cheng Zhang , Yilan Chen , Jian Cui , Xiaobo Zhuang , Xiulin Qiu , Yuxin Wei , Xiangyang Pang , Zhigang Liu , Zhiyu Zhu , Ziruo Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-illuminated imaging, capable of over-the-horizon detection, is extensively utilized in remote sensing and mapping of space, polar regions, and oceans. Under partly coherent laser illumination, random bright and dark patches caused by phase change of light waves due to minute optical path difference in differential interferometric contrast imaging, hence diminishing image quality. This paper investigated the phase-modulated speckle suppression mechanism under partially coherent light and proposed a spatio-temporal dynamic speckle autocorrelation suppression method using microstructured waveguides. By enhancing the conventional reflective differential interference contrast imaging systems with a partially coherent laser as the illumination source and incorporating a point-array microstructure device, spatio-temporal dynamic experiments were conducted through the integration of beam angle and displacement transformations. The results demonstrated that Ir-coated, curved surface-like dot-array homogenizing devices which assisted in imaging effectively achieve spot homogenization and uniform energy distribution, leveraging the scattering suppression capabilities inherent in their material and structural design. In both air and underwater environments, when the light source was uniformly translating or rotating and reached the autocorrelation threshold, the scattering optical range difference was most uniformly distributed; at the same time, when the angle of incidence reached the autocorrelation threshold, the coherence width of the light field was largest, the phase difference was smallest, and the imaging quality was best. Especially in the underwater imaging experiments, the proposed microstructure design combined with the dynamic modulation of the light source demonstrated superior scattering suppression capability, providing an effective way to improve underwater imaging quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 112856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112847
Wei Xu , Weihe Xu , Nathalie Bouet , Juan Zhou , Hanfei Yan , Xiaojing Huang , Zirui Gao , Ming Lu , Yong S. Chu , Evgeny Nazaretski
We present a new method for the automatic recognition and precise localization of marker layers within multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) used for high-resolution X-ray nanofocusing. This approach integrates image processing techniques with machine learning algorithms, encompassing multiple stages including marker layer identification, coarse localization, differentiation, fine localization, and profile fitting. By directly obtaining marker layer profiles, this method eliminates errors induced by various factors such as manual measurements and image misalignment. It is robust and effective in the presence of various image defects. The proposed method enhances and streamlines the characterization of MLL optics, enabling accurate assessment of zone placement and detailed multilayer profile analysis. Consequently, it advances the fabrication of MLL optics and improves their application in high-resolution X-ray nanofocusing.
{"title":"Machine learning-aided automatic recognition and precise localization of marker layers within multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) for high-resolution X-ray nanofocusing","authors":"Wei Xu , Weihe Xu , Nathalie Bouet , Juan Zhou , Hanfei Yan , Xiaojing Huang , Zirui Gao , Ming Lu , Yong S. Chu , Evgeny Nazaretski","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a new method for the automatic recognition and precise localization of marker layers within multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) used for high-resolution X-ray nanofocusing. This approach integrates image processing techniques with machine learning algorithms, encompassing multiple stages including marker layer identification, coarse localization, differentiation, fine localization, and profile fitting. By directly obtaining marker layer profiles, this method eliminates errors induced by various factors such as manual measurements and image misalignment. It is robust and effective in the presence of various image defects. The proposed method enhances and streamlines the characterization of MLL optics, enabling accurate assessment of zone placement and detailed multilayer profile analysis. Consequently, it advances the fabrication of MLL optics and improves their application in high-resolution X-ray nanofocusing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 112847"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0033
Zhaoqi Ji, Chunlei Jiang, Peng Chen, Linzhi Yao, Minghui Zhang, Qizan Shi, Cun Zhao, Xiufang Wang, Yu Sun, Taiji Dong
This article presents a control method for radial cell-pair rotations using a single-fiber manipulation technique that combines microcavity cascade optical tweezers with optical fiber mode coupling technology. It explores the mechanisms of cell manipulation under the influence of mode coupling and capillary fluid forces. By controlling the angle of fiber twisting and utilizing the birefringence effect along with the principle of beam mode coupling, it is possible to achieve precise and regular variations in the energy of the LP21 mode beam spot, thereby altering the magnitude and direction of the forces acting on the cell-pair, which induces a tendency for rotational motion. The microcavity cascade optical tweezers provide a small capillary fluid force and serve to isolate the cell-pair from the external environment, allowing it to respond to changes in beam spot energy within a stable microcavity space, thus enabling controllable rotations in both direction and angle. The combination of microcavity cascade optical tweezers with beam mode coupling technology achieves, for the first time, radial cell-pair rotations driven by a single fiber, which holds significant implications for the study of polarized cell migration as well as the investigation of tissue fluidity and connectivity dynamics in cancer prediction.
{"title":"Radial rotation of cell-pair under beam mode coupling effect of microcavity cascaded single fiber optical tweezers","authors":"Zhaoqi Ji, Chunlei Jiang, Peng Chen, Linzhi Yao, Minghui Zhang, Qizan Shi, Cun Zhao, Xiufang Wang, Yu Sun, Taiji Dong","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0033","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a control method for radial cell-pair rotations using a single-fiber manipulation technique that combines microcavity cascade optical tweezers with optical fiber mode coupling technology. It explores the mechanisms of cell manipulation under the influence of mode coupling and capillary fluid forces. By controlling the angle of fiber twisting and utilizing the birefringence effect along with the principle of beam mode coupling, it is possible to achieve precise and regular variations in the energy of the LP21 mode beam spot, thereby altering the magnitude and direction of the forces acting on the cell-pair, which induces a tendency for rotational motion. The microcavity cascade optical tweezers provide a small capillary fluid force and serve to isolate the cell-pair from the external environment, allowing it to respond to changes in beam spot energy within a stable microcavity space, thus enabling controllable rotations in both direction and angle. The combination of microcavity cascade optical tweezers with beam mode coupling technology achieves, for the first time, radial cell-pair rotations driven by a single fiber, which holds significant implications for the study of polarized cell migration as well as the investigation of tissue fluidity and connectivity dynamics in cancer prediction.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00956-0
Xiangjing Liu, Yixian Qiu, Oscar Dahlsten, Vlatko Vedral
We give a causal inference scheme using quantum observations alone for a case with both temporal and spatial correlations: a bipartite quantum system with measurements at two times. The protocol determines compatibility with five causal structures distinguished by the direction of causal influence and whether there are initial correlations. We derive and exploit a closed-form expression for the spacetime pseudo-density matrix (PDM) for many times and qubits. This PDM can be determined by light-touch coarse-grained measurements alone. We prove that if there is no signalling between two subsystems, the reduced state of the PDM cannot have negativity, regardless of initial spatial correlations. In addition, the protocol exploits the time asymmetry of the PDM to determine the temporal order. The protocol succeeds for a state with coherence undergoing a fully decohering channel. Thus coherence in the channel is not necessary for the quantum advantage of causal inference from observations alone.
{"title":"Quantum causal inference with extremely light touch","authors":"Xiangjing Liu, Yixian Qiu, Oscar Dahlsten, Vlatko Vedral","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00956-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00956-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We give a causal inference scheme using quantum observations alone for a case with both temporal and spatial correlations: a bipartite quantum system with measurements at two times. The protocol determines compatibility with five causal structures distinguished by the direction of causal influence and whether there are initial correlations. We derive and exploit a closed-form expression for the spacetime pseudo-density matrix (PDM) for many times and qubits. This PDM can be determined by light-touch coarse-grained measurements alone. We prove that if there is no signalling between two subsystems, the reduced state of the PDM cannot have negativity, regardless of initial spatial correlations. In addition, the protocol exploits the time asymmetry of the PDM to determine the temporal order. The protocol succeeds for a state with coherence undergoing a fully decohering channel. Thus coherence in the channel is not necessary for the quantum advantage of causal inference from observations alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Liu, Feng Liu, Chengrui Wang, Lizhu Sun, Bingbing Yang, Hao Wu, Liangliang Zhang, Jiahua Zhang, Xiao-jun Wang, Yichun Liu
Upconversion luminescence (UCL) presents a promising avenue for optical anticounterfeiting applications; however, its practical implementation is often limited by low visibility in bright environments. In this study, a white-light sensitization strategy is introduced to significantly amplify UV UCL for improved security measures under well-lit conditions. By integrating 808 nm infrared excitation with a white-light flashlight exposure, a ten-fold increase in UCL intensity at 354 nm is achieved from a NaYF4:Nd3+ phosphor. This enhancement arises from a multi-photon excitation process, wherein white light directly populates the high-lying 4G7/2 and 4G5/2 intermediate levels of Nd3+, excited states otherwise only accessible via two-photon infrared absorption. This white-light sensitization approach enables robust UV UCL emission to be detected even in bright settings, overcoming a major limitation of traditional UCL-based anticounterfeiting. Moreover, the feasibility of this method is demonstrated through UV imaging, highlighting its potential for advancing security and authentication technologies.
{"title":"White-Light Sensitization Strategy for Upconverting Anticounterfeiting","authors":"Yi Liu, Feng Liu, Chengrui Wang, Lizhu Sun, Bingbing Yang, Hao Wu, Liangliang Zhang, Jiahua Zhang, Xiao-jun Wang, Yichun Liu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500083","url":null,"abstract":"Upconversion luminescence (UCL) presents a promising avenue for optical anticounterfeiting applications; however, its practical implementation is often limited by low visibility in bright environments. In this study, a white-light sensitization strategy is introduced to significantly amplify UV UCL for improved security measures under well-lit conditions. By integrating 808 nm infrared excitation with a white-light flashlight exposure, a ten-fold increase in UCL intensity at 354 nm is achieved from a NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Nd<sup>3+</sup> phosphor. This enhancement arises from a multi-photon excitation process, wherein white light directly populates the high-lying <sup>4</sup>G<sub>7/2</sub> and <sup>4</sup>G<sub>5/2</sub> intermediate levels of Nd<sup>3+</sup>, excited states otherwise only accessible via two-photon infrared absorption. This white-light sensitization approach enables robust UV UCL emission to be detected even in bright settings, overcoming a major limitation of traditional UCL-based anticounterfeiting. Moreover, the feasibility of this method is demonstrated through UV imaging, highlighting its potential for advancing security and authentication technologies.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2025.1354701
Yan Liu , Ya-Wen Sun , Xin-Meng Wu
We derive the Schwinger–Keldysh effective field theories for diffusion including the lowest non-hydrodynamic degree of freedom from holographic Gubser–Rocha systems. At low temperature the dynamical non-hydrodynamic mode could be either an IR mode or a slow mode, which is related to IR quantum critical excitations or encodes the information of all energy scales. This additional dynamical vector mode could be viewed as an ultraviolet sector of the diffusive hydrodynamic theory. We construct two different effective actions for each case and discuss their physical properties. In particular we show that the Kubo–Martin–Schwinger symmetry is preserved.
{"title":"Holographic Schwinger–Keldysh effective field theories including a non-hydrodynamic mode","authors":"Yan Liu , Ya-Wen Sun , Xin-Meng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.physc.2025.1354701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physc.2025.1354701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We derive the Schwinger–Keldysh effective field theories for diffusion including the lowest non-hydrodynamic degree of freedom from holographic Gubser–Rocha systems. At low temperature the dynamical non-hydrodynamic mode could be either an IR mode or a slow mode, which is related to IR quantum critical excitations or encodes the information of all energy scales. This additional dynamical vector mode could be viewed as an ultraviolet sector of the diffusive hydrodynamic theory. We construct two different effective actions for each case and discuss their physical properties. In particular we show that the Kubo–Martin–Schwinger symmetry is preserved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20159,"journal":{"name":"Physica C-superconductivity and Its Applications","volume":"632 ","pages":"Article 1354701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Estrella Torres, Joachim Ciers, Nelson Rebelo, Filip Hjort, Michael A. Bergmann, Sarina Graupeter, Johannes Enslin, Giulia Cardinalli, Tim Wernicke, Michael Kneissl, Åsa Haglund
In vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), the cavity length defines the resonance wavelength, which is directly related to the laser detuning, that is, the difference between resonance wavelength and gain peak. A low detuning maximizes the modal gain leading to a reduction of the threshold. Therefore, controlling the cavity length of VCSELs is of great importance. Here optically pumped ultraviolet-C (wavelength <span data-altimg="/cms/asset/d57feef1-9b06-406c-8cf7-efc907b5b4bb/lpor202402203-math-0001.png"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="61" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" role="application" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 103%; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" location="graphic/lpor202402203-math-0001.png"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-role="inequality" data-semantic-speech="less than or equals" data-semantic-type="relation"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display="inline" unselectable="on"><math altimg="urn:x-wiley:18638880:media:lpor202402203:lpor202402203-math-0001" display="inline" location="graphic/lpor202402203-math-0001.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mo data-semantic-="" data-semantic-role="inequality" data-semantic-speech="less than or equals" data-semantic-type="relation">≤</mo>$le$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> 280 nm) VCSELs with precise cavity length control are demonstrated. The VCSEL structure is formed by an AlN cavity with 5 <span data-altimg="/cms/asset/27c4a68f-7b40-4a2c-8633-660349f2bc57/lpor202402203-math-0002.png"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="62" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" role="application" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 103%; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" location="graphic/lpor202402203-math-0002.png"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-speech="times" data-semantic-type="operator"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display="inline" unselectable="on"><math altimg="urn:x-wiley:18638880:media:lpor202402203:lpor202402203-math-0002" display="inline" location="graphic/lpor202402203-math-0002.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo data-semantic-="" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-speech="times" data-semantic-type="operator">×</mo><mrow></mrow></mrow>$ensuremath{times{}}$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> Al<sub>0.40</sub>Ga<sub>0.60</sub>/Al<sub>0.70</sub>Ga<sub>0.30</sub>N quantum wells and a top HfO<sub>2</sub> spacer layer with dielectric SiO<sub>2</sub>/HfO<sub>2</sub> distributed Bragg reflectors on both sides of the cavity. To access the N-face side of the cavity, a new methodology referred to as photo-assisted electrochemical etching is employed for substrate removal. Across a 0.9 mm <span data-alti
{"title":"Ultraviolet-C Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with Precise Cavity Length Control","authors":"Estrella Torres, Joachim Ciers, Nelson Rebelo, Filip Hjort, Michael A. Bergmann, Sarina Graupeter, Johannes Enslin, Giulia Cardinalli, Tim Wernicke, Michael Kneissl, Åsa Haglund","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202402203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202402203","url":null,"abstract":"In vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), the cavity length defines the resonance wavelength, which is directly related to the laser detuning, that is, the difference between resonance wavelength and gain peak. A low detuning maximizes the modal gain leading to a reduction of the threshold. Therefore, controlling the cavity length of VCSELs is of great importance. Here optically pumped ultraviolet-C (wavelength <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/d57feef1-9b06-406c-8cf7-efc907b5b4bb/lpor202402203-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"61\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/lpor202402203-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-speech=\"less than or equals\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:18638880:media:lpor202402203:lpor202402203-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/lpor202402203-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-speech=\"less than or equals\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\">≤</mo>$le$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> 280 nm) VCSELs with precise cavity length control are demonstrated. The VCSEL structure is formed by an AlN cavity with 5 <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/27c4a68f-7b40-4a2c-8633-660349f2bc57/lpor202402203-math-0002.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"62\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/lpor202402203-math-0002.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"times\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:18638880:media:lpor202402203:lpor202402203-math-0002\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/lpor202402203-math-0002.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"times\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\">×</mo><mrow></mrow></mrow>$ensuremath{times{}}$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> Al<sub>0.40</sub>Ga<sub>0.60</sub>/Al<sub>0.70</sub>Ga<sub>0.30</sub>N quantum wells and a top HfO<sub>2</sub> spacer layer with dielectric SiO<sub>2</sub>/HfO<sub>2</sub> distributed Bragg reflectors on both sides of the cavity. To access the N-face side of the cavity, a new methodology referred to as photo-assisted electrochemical etching is employed for substrate removal. Across a 0.9 mm <span data-alti","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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