IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114763

Lingkai Huang , Yirui Zhu , Liyang Wang , Ningning Luo , Mingwei Lu , Tomas E. Gomez Alvarez-Arenas , Xingdao He , Jiulin Shi

Viscoelastic properties of pathological changes in brain tissue are key biomarkers for clinical neurological diseases. Clinically, shear wave elastography is an ultrasound technique capable of quantitatively assessing tissue elasticity, however, its application is limited by submillimeter spatial resolution. In this work, we developed an air-coupled ultrasound transducer-based optical coherence elastography system (AcUT-OCE), which enables non-contact quantitative elastography of brain tissue with micrometer-scale resolution. A Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative model (KVFD) incorporating a power-law- constraint (PC-KVFD) was established to quantitatively evaluate the viscoelasticity of brain tissue. The results of the phantom experiment demonstrate that the phase velocity corrected using the PC-KVFD model exhibits a power-law relationship, with its magnitude being higher than the uncorrected measured values. The storage modulus and loss modulus of the phantom were calculated to be within the ranges of 6.1–10.3 kPa and 1.8–4.6 kPa, respectively. Then, an in ex vivo porcine brain experiment was conducted, in which the storage modulus and loss modulus of the brain tissue were estimated to be in the ranges of 4.5–8 kPa and 2–4 kPa, respectively. Subsequently, we compared the accuracies of the linear model, KVFD model, and PC-KVFD model in calculating viscoelasticity. The PC-KVFD model exhibits superior performance in terms of viscoelastic frequency dependence curves, with R² (coefficient of determination) values exceeding 0.99 for the storage modulus and 0.98 for the loss modulus, indicating an excellent goodness of fit. Overall, the AcUT-OCE technique combined with the PC-KVFD model, enables non-contact, high-resolution, and quantitative assessment of brain tissue viscoelasticity.

脑组织病理变化的粘弹性特性是临床神经系统疾病的关键生物标志物。在临床上，剪切波弹性成像是一种能够定量评估组织弹性的超声技术，但其应用受到亚毫米空间分辨率的限制。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种基于空气耦合超声换能器的光学相干弹性成像系统（AcUT-OCE），该系统可以实现微米级分辨率的脑组织非接触定量弹性成像。建立了结合幂律约束（PC-KVFD）的Kelvin-Voigt分数阶导数模型（KVFD）来定量评价脑组织粘弹性。仿真实验结果表明，PC-KVFD模型校正后的相速度呈幂律关系，其幅度大于未校正的实测值。计算出模体的存储模量和损耗模量分别在6.1 ~ 10.3 kPa和1.8 ~ 4.6 kPa范围内。然后对猪脑进行离体实验，估计脑组织的储存模量和损失模量分别在4.5-8 kPa和2-4 kPa之间。随后，我们比较了线性模型、KVFD模型和PC-KVFD模型在计算粘弹性方面的精度。PC-KVFD模型在粘弹性频率依赖曲线上表现优异，存储模量的R2（决定系数）超过0.99，损耗模量的R2（决定系数）超过0.98，表明拟合优度良好。总的来说，AcUT-OCE技术与PC-KVFD模型相结合，可以实现非接触、高分辨率和定量的脑组织粘弹性评估。

{"title":"Characterizing brain tissue viscoelasticity using air-coupled ultrasound transducer-based optical coherence elastography with power-law-constrained Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative model☆★","authors":"Lingkai Huang , Yirui Zhu , Liyang Wang , Ningning Luo , Mingwei Lu , Tomas E. Gomez Alvarez-Arenas , Xingdao He , Jiulin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viscoelastic properties of pathological changes in brain tissue are key biomarkers for clinical neurological diseases. Clinically, shear wave elastography is an ultrasound technique capable of quantitatively assessing tissue elasticity, however, its application is limited by submillimeter spatial resolution. In this work, we developed an air-coupled ultrasound transducer-based optical coherence elastography system (AcUT-OCE), which enables non-contact quantitative elastography of brain tissue with micrometer-scale resolution. A Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative model (KVFD) incorporating a power-law- constraint (PC-KVFD) was established to quantitatively evaluate the viscoelasticity of brain tissue. The results of the phantom experiment demonstrate that the phase velocity corrected using the PC-KVFD model exhibits a power-law relationship, with its magnitude being higher than the uncorrected measured values. The storage modulus and loss modulus of the phantom were calculated to be within the ranges of 6.1–10.3 kPa and 1.8–4.6 kPa, respectively. Then, an in <em>ex vivo</em> porcine brain experiment was conducted, in which the storage modulus and loss modulus of the brain tissue were estimated to be in the ranges of 4.5–8 kPa and 2–4 kPa, respectively. Subsequently, we compared the accuracies of the linear model, KVFD model, and PC-KVFD model in calculating viscoelasticity. The PC-KVFD model exhibits superior performance in terms of viscoelastic frequency dependence curves, with R<sup>2</sup> (coefficient of determination) values exceeding 0.99 for the storage modulus and 0.98 for the loss modulus, indicating an excellent goodness of fit. Overall, the AcUT-OCE technique combined with the PC-KVFD model, enables non-contact, high-resolution, and quantitative assessment of brain tissue viscoelasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 114763"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement of the (p, α) reaction cross-section on natural lithium for production of high-energy α beam 天然锂制备高能α束（p, α）反应截面的测量

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166007

Gaël Simonin , Francesco Mazza-Schuh , David Brasse , Marc Rousseau

Double differential cross-section values for the (p, α) reaction on natural lithium were determined for incident proton energies between 20 MeV and 25 MeV at emission angles between 15° and 55°. A distinct peak corresponding to high-energy α particles was observed in the spectra and the integrated differential cross-section over this peak was evaluated. This cross-section exhibits an angular dependence with a maximum around 45°, as well as an energy dependence where lower proton beam energies result in higher cross-section values. Our results are in good agreement with previous experimental data reported in the literature.

在质子能量为20 ~ 25 MeV，发射角为15°~ 55°时，测定了天然锂上（p, α）反应的双微分截面值。在光谱中观察到一个与高能α粒子相对应的明显峰，并计算了该峰上的积分微分截面。该截面表现出角依赖性，最大约为45°，以及能量依赖性，其中较低的质子束能量导致较高的横截面值。我们的结果与先前文献报道的实验数据一致。

引用次数: 0

Coherence‐Gated Mirau Interferometry for Single‐Shot Quantitative Phase Imaging and Motion Sensing 相干门控Mirau干涉法用于单镜头定量相位成像和运动传感

IF 11 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Laser & Photonics Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202502417

Petr Bouchal, Martin Konečný, Zdeněk Nováček, Radim Chmelík, Zdeněk Bouchal

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) based on holographic interferometry is widely used in biophotonics and precision metrology. While on‐axis systems are compact and stable, the need for multiple recordings limits imaging speed. Off‐axis designs enable single‐shot imaging but increase complexity and sensitivity. We present a compact module that combines the advantages of both approaches by converting any on‐axis interferometer into a single‐shot system. Single‐shot QPI is achieved through coherence gating and precise optical path matching within the module. The concept is demonstrated with a Mirau objective but is readily applicable to other established types of on‐axis interferometers. Coherence gating removes long‐standing limitations of Mirau setups, enabling imaging of wet‐mount samples and real‐time phase measurements. This advances Mirau interferometry toward dynamic studies in biology, fluidics, and micromechanics. Demonstrations include QPI of human cells, time‐resolved imaging of streaming red blood cells, visualization of evaporation dynamics in liquid mixtures, and motion monitoring of an atomic force microscope cantilever at 100 Hz.

基于全息干涉测量的定量相位成像技术在生物光子学和精密计量中有着广泛的应用。虽然轴上系统紧凑且稳定，但对多次记录的需求限制了成像速度。离轴设计使单镜头成像，但增加了复杂性和灵敏度。我们提出了一个紧凑的模块，通过将任何轴上干涉仪转换成单镜头系统，结合了两种方法的优点。单镜头QPI是通过模块内的相干门控和精确光路匹配实现的。该概念是用Mirau物镜演示的，但很容易适用于其他已建立的轴上干涉仪类型。相干门控消除了Mirau设置的长期限制，使湿装样品成像和实时相位测量成为可能。这将Mirau干涉测量法推向生物学、流体学和微观力学的动态研究。演示包括人体细胞的QPI，流动红细胞的时间分辨成像，液体混合物中蒸发动力学的可视化，以及原子力显微镜悬臂在100 Hz下的运动监测。

{"title":"Coherence‐Gated Mirau Interferometry for Single‐Shot Quantitative Phase Imaging and Motion Sensing","authors":"Petr Bouchal, Martin Konečný, Zdeněk Nováček, Radim Chmelík, Zdeněk Bouchal","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502417","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) based on holographic interferometry is widely used in biophotonics and precision metrology. While on‐axis systems are compact and stable, the need for multiple recordings limits imaging speed. Off‐axis designs enable single‐shot imaging but increase complexity and sensitivity. We present a compact module that combines the advantages of both approaches by converting any on‐axis interferometer into a single‐shot system. Single‐shot QPI is achieved through coherence gating and precise optical path matching within the module. The concept is demonstrated with a Mirau objective but is readily applicable to other established types of on‐axis interferometers. Coherence gating removes long‐standing limitations of Mirau setups, enabling imaging of wet‐mount samples and real‐time phase measurements. This advances Mirau interferometry toward dynamic studies in biology, fluidics, and micromechanics. Demonstrations include QPI of human cells, time‐resolved imaging of streaming red blood cells, visualization of evaporation dynamics in liquid mixtures, and motion monitoring of an atomic force microscope cantilever at 100 Hz.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multifunctional All‐Silicon Terahertz Chiral Metasurfaces via Integrated Moiré and Spin‐Decoupled Phase Engineering 多功能全硅太赫兹手性超表面的集成莫尔和自旋去耦相位工程

IF 11 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Laser & Photonics Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202503260

Hui Li, Guibin Li, Zi‐Lan Deng, Wenhui Xu, Hang Xu, Jie Li, Chunyu Song, Feng Qiu, Yan Zhang, Yang Ren, Jianquan Yao

We present a reconfigurable all‐silicon terahertz (THz) chiral metasurface (RTCM) integrating phase‐induced chiral meta‐devices with Moiré phase engineering, to address insufficient dynamic tunability and dimension‐limited light field manipulation in existing THz metasurfaces. Conventional THz components, such as refractive lenses and off‐axis parabolic mirrors, suffer from wavefront aberrations and limited imaging resolution, while existing metasurfaces lack the ability to simultaneously deliver varifocal lensing and spin‐selective transmission. Our RTCM device adopts two cascaded metasurfaces: One with rectangular meta‐atoms enables spin‐decoupled phase modulation, embedding random phase and focusing phase into orthogonal circular polarization (CP) channels respectively; The other with cylindrical meta‐atoms maintains polarization‐insensitive propagation phase control. Adjusting their relative rotation angle regulates broadband circular dichroism (CD) response (80 GHz bandwidth) and axial focal length. The initial RTCM achieves over 4.6× dynamic zoom ratio, 34.42−7.43 λ focal length range, and below −14.02 dB average crosstalk. An improved version with an offset phase factor realizes full‐rotation reconfigurable CD, 34.99% average focusing efficiency, and −13.79 dB average crosstalk at 0.5 THz. This mechanically reconfigurable design, free of external voltages or active materials, is highly suitable for portable THz systems and holds significant potential in non‐destructive testing and biomedical imaging.

我们提出了一种可重构的全硅太赫兹（THz）手性元表面（RTCM），将相诱导手性元器件与moir相工程相结合，以解决现有太赫兹元表面中动态可调性不足和尺寸受限的光场操作问题。传统的太赫兹元件，如折射透镜和离轴抛物面镜，存在波前像差和成像分辨率有限的问题，而现有的超表面缺乏同时提供变焦透镜和自旋选择性传输的能力。我们的RTCM器件采用两个级联的超表面：一个具有矩形元原子，可以实现自旋解耦的相位调制，将随机相位和聚焦相位分别嵌入正交圆极化（CP）通道中；另一个圆柱形元原子保持偏振不敏感的传播相位控制。调节它们的相对旋转角度可以调节宽带圆二色性（CD）响应（80 GHz带宽）和轴向焦距。初始RTCM实现了超过4.6倍的动态变焦比，34.42 ~ 7.43 λ焦距范围，平均串扰低于- 14.02 dB。采用偏移相位因子的改进版本实现了全旋转可重构CD，平均聚焦效率为34.99%，0.5太赫兹时平均串扰为- 13.79 dB。这种机械上可重构的设计，没有外部电压或活性材料，非常适合便携式太赫兹系统，在无损检测和生物医学成像方面具有巨大的潜力。

{"title":"Multifunctional All‐Silicon Terahertz Chiral Metasurfaces via Integrated Moiré and Spin‐Decoupled Phase Engineering","authors":"Hui Li, Guibin Li, Zi‐Lan Deng, Wenhui Xu, Hang Xu, Jie Li, Chunyu Song, Feng Qiu, Yan Zhang, Yang Ren, Jianquan Yao","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202503260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202503260","url":null,"abstract":"We present a reconfigurable all‐silicon terahertz (THz) chiral metasurface (RTCM) integrating phase‐induced chiral meta‐devices with Moiré phase engineering, to address insufficient dynamic tunability and dimension‐limited light field manipulation in existing THz metasurfaces. Conventional THz components, such as refractive lenses and off‐axis parabolic mirrors, suffer from wavefront aberrations and limited imaging resolution, while existing metasurfaces lack the ability to simultaneously deliver varifocal lensing and spin‐selective transmission. Our RTCM device adopts two cascaded metasurfaces: One with rectangular meta‐atoms enables spin‐decoupled phase modulation, embedding random phase and focusing phase into orthogonal circular polarization (CP) channels respectively; The other with cylindrical meta‐atoms maintains polarization‐insensitive propagation phase control. Adjusting their relative rotation angle regulates broadband circular dichroism (CD) response (80 GHz bandwidth) and axial focal length. The initial RTCM achieves over 4.6× dynamic zoom ratio, 34.42−7.43 λ focal length range, and below −14.02 dB average crosstalk. An improved version with an offset phase factor realizes full‐rotation reconfigurable CD, 34.99% average focusing efficiency, and −13.79 dB average crosstalk at 0.5 THz. This mechanically reconfigurable design, free of external voltages or active materials, is highly suitable for portable THz systems and holds significant potential in non‐destructive testing and biomedical imaging.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non‐Hermitian Photonic Modes with Dual Skewness: Oblique Localization and Asymmetric Profile 具有双偏度的非厄米光子模式：斜定位和非对称轮廓

IF 11 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Laser & Photonics Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202502117

Mingyang Li, Jing Lin, Kun Ding

Light manipulation enabled by metamaterials and photonic crystals relies on diverse physical mechanisms to expand functionality. Their inevitable open characteristics introduce non‐Hermitian physics as another ingredient, and the higher‐dimensional non‐Hermitian skin effect offers a myriad of features for harnessing light. In this work, we utilize geometry as another degree of freedom in non‐Hermitian metamaterials to realize the dual skewness photonic mode (DSPM), characterized by oblique localization and asymmetric profiles. The criteria for achieving DSPMs in reciprocal non‐Hermitian metamaterials include anisotropic and complex dielectric tensors, as well as mismatched optical axes and geometric structures, which have been demonstrated numerically through various indicators. A photonic crystal design based on realistic parameters is proposed, and we validate that the DSPM is dynamically accessible. By solving the eigenstate, we further reveal that DPSM is governed by a generalized Fermi surface whose dimensionality exceeds that of the Fermi surface. Our results establish DSPMs as a platform for controllable quasi‐long‐range light interactions, while the geometry‐driven design principle provides a versatile route to extend higher‐dimensional non‐Hermitian physics to 3D architectures, synthetic dimensions, and other classical wave systems, opening new avenues for non‐Hermitian photonics.

由超材料和光子晶体实现的光操纵依赖于多种物理机制来扩展功能。它们不可避免的开放特性引入了非厄米物理作为另一种成分，高维的非厄米集肤效应为利用光提供了无数的特征。在这项工作中，我们利用几何作为非厄米超材料的另一个自由度来实现双偏态光子模式（DSPM），其特征是斜定位和不对称轮廓。在互易非厄米超材料中实现dspm的标准包括各向异性和复杂的介电张量，以及不匹配的光轴和几何结构，这些已经通过各种指标得到了数值证明。提出了一种基于实际参数的光子晶体设计方法，并验证了DSPM是可动态访问的。通过求解本征态，我们进一步揭示了DPSM是由一个维数超过费米曲面的广义费米曲面控制的。我们的研究结果将DSPMs建立为可控的准远程光相互作用的平台，而几何驱动的设计原理为将高维非厄米物理扩展到3D架构、合成维度和其他经典波系统提供了一种通用途径，为非厄米光子学开辟了新的途径。

{"title":"Non‐Hermitian Photonic Modes with Dual Skewness: Oblique Localization and Asymmetric Profile","authors":"Mingyang Li, Jing Lin, Kun Ding","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502117","url":null,"abstract":"Light manipulation enabled by metamaterials and photonic crystals relies on diverse physical mechanisms to expand functionality. Their inevitable open characteristics introduce non‐Hermitian physics as another ingredient, and the higher‐dimensional non‐Hermitian skin effect offers a myriad of features for harnessing light. In this work, we utilize geometry as another degree of freedom in non‐Hermitian metamaterials to realize the dual skewness photonic mode (DSPM), characterized by oblique localization and asymmetric profiles. The criteria for achieving DSPMs in reciprocal non‐Hermitian metamaterials include anisotropic and complex dielectric tensors, as well as mismatched optical axes and geometric structures, which have been demonstrated numerically through various indicators. A photonic crystal design based on realistic parameters is proposed, and we validate that the DSPM is dynamically accessible. By solving the eigenstate, we further reveal that DPSM is governed by a generalized Fermi surface whose dimensionality exceeds that of the Fermi surface. Our results establish DSPMs as a platform for controllable quasi‐long‐range light interactions, while the geometry‐driven design principle provides a versatile route to extend higher‐dimensional non‐Hermitian physics to 3D architectures, synthetic dimensions, and other classical wave systems, opening new avenues for non‐Hermitian photonics.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bifunctional Photonic Synapse With Short‐Term and Long‐Term Plasticity for Neuromorphic Image Recognition 具有短期和长期可塑性的双功能光子突触在神经形态图像识别中的应用

IF 11 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Laser & Photonics Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202503062

Yanbing Han, Junhao Zhu, Shiyu Zhu, Han Gao, Zhuangzhuang Ma, Mochen Jia, Xu Chen, Jibin Zhang, Linyuan Lian, Ying Liu, Dongwen Yang, Junlu Sun, Lin Dong, Zhifeng Shi

Advances in artificial synaptic devices are indispensable for deepening the physical underpinnings of neural networks and for diversifying the tasks that artificial intelligence can tackle. Yet, the photonic synapses demonstrated so far mostly demand electrical readout or intricate heterostructures, and none has offered a built‐in, material‐level mechanism that unites short‐term plasticity with long‐term memory in a monolayer, all‐optical platform. We introduce Ti‐doped CaSb 2 O 6 as a purely photonic synapse whose bifunctional shallow and deep traps natively partition volatile and non‐volatile memory. Dual‐wavelength UV control (275 nm excitation/365 nm inhibition) elicits short‐term facilitation, spike‐number‐dependent potentiation, post‐tetanic potentiation, and erasable storage. From these dynamics we derive an “Opto‐Logistic” activation function and embed it in a lightweight neural network hosted on a microcontroller, demonstrating an AI “dog” that autonomously classifies vegetables and can be retrained for new categories like fruits within a reservoir‐computing framework. The findings reveal how persistent luminescence can mirror biological synaptic physics and furnish both material and system‐level design rules for scalable photonic neuromorphic processors.

人工突触装置的进步对于深化神经网络的物理基础和使人工智能可以处理的任务多样化是必不可少的。然而，到目前为止，所证明的光子突触大多需要电读出或复杂的异质结构，并且没有一个提供一个内置的、材料级的机制，将短期可塑性和长期记忆结合在一个单层的全光学平台上。我们引入Ti掺杂casb2o6作为纯光子突触，其双功能的浅阱和深阱天然分割易失性和非易失性存储器。双波长紫外控制（275 nm激发/365 nm抑制）可引起短期促进、峰数依赖性增强、破伤风后增强和可擦除存储。从这些动态中，我们得到了一个“Opto - Logistic”激活函数，并将其嵌入到微控制器上的轻量级神经网络中，展示了一个人工智能“狗”，它可以自主对蔬菜进行分类，并可以在水库计算框架内对水果等新类别进行再训练。这些发现揭示了持续发光如何反映生物突触物理，并为可扩展的光子神经形态处理器提供材料和系统级设计规则。

{"title":"Bifunctional Photonic Synapse With Short‐Term and Long‐Term Plasticity for Neuromorphic Image Recognition","authors":"Yanbing Han, Junhao Zhu, Shiyu Zhu, Han Gao, Zhuangzhuang Ma, Mochen Jia, Xu Chen, Jibin Zhang, Linyuan Lian, Ying Liu, Dongwen Yang, Junlu Sun, Lin Dong, Zhifeng Shi","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202503062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202503062","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in artificial synaptic devices are indispensable for deepening the physical underpinnings of neural networks and for diversifying the tasks that artificial intelligence can tackle. Yet, the photonic synapses demonstrated so far mostly demand electrical readout or intricate heterostructures, and none has offered a built‐in, material‐level mechanism that unites short‐term plasticity with long‐term memory in a monolayer, all‐optical platform. We introduce Ti‐doped CaSb 2 O 6 as a purely photonic synapse whose bifunctional shallow and deep traps natively partition volatile and non‐volatile memory. Dual‐wavelength UV control (275 nm excitation/365 nm inhibition) elicits short‐term facilitation, spike‐number‐dependent potentiation, post‐tetanic potentiation, and erasable storage. From these dynamics we derive an “Opto‐Logistic” activation function and embed it in a lightweight neural network hosted on a microcontroller, demonstrating an AI “dog” that autonomously classifies vegetables and can be retrained for new categories like fruits within a reservoir‐computing framework. The findings reveal how persistent luminescence can mirror biological synaptic physics and furnish both material and system‐level design rules for scalable photonic neuromorphic processors.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimisation and synthesis of quantum circuits with global gates 具有全局门的量子电路的优化与合成

IF 6.7 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Quantum Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae3029

Alejandro Villoria, Henning Basold and Alfons Laarman

Compiling quantum circuits to account for hardware restrictions is an essential part of the quantum computing stack. Circuit compilation allows us to adapt algorithm descriptions into a sequence of operations supported by real quantum hardware, and has the potential to significantly improve their performance when optimisation techniques are added to the process. One such optimisation technique is reducing the number of quantum gates that are needed to execute a circuit. For instance, methods for reducing the number of non-Clifford gates or CNOT gates from a circuit are an extensive research area that has gathered significant interest over the years. For certain hardware platforms such as trapped-ion quantum computers, we can leverage some of their special properties to further reduce the cost of executing a quantum circuit in them. In this work we use global interactions, such as the Global Mølmer–Sørensen (MS) gate present in trapped-ion hardware, to optimise and synthesise quantum circuits. We design and implement an algorithm that is able to compile an arbitrary quantum circuit into another circuit that uses global gates as the entangling operation, while optimising the number of global interactions needed. The algorithm is based on the ZX-calculus and uses a specialised circuit extraction routine that groups entangling gates into Global MS gates. We benchmark the algorithm in a variety of circuits, and show how it improves their performance under state-of-the-art hardware considerations in comparison to a naive algorithm and the Qiskit optimiser.

编译量子电路以考虑硬件限制是量子计算堆栈的重要组成部分。电路编译使我们能够将算法描述调整为由真实量子硬件支持的一系列操作，并且在将优化技术添加到过程中时，有可能显着提高其性能。其中一种优化技术是减少执行电路所需的量子门的数量。例如，减少电路中非clifford门或CNOT门数量的方法是一个广泛的研究领域，多年来已经引起了人们的极大兴趣。对于某些硬件平台，如捕获离子量子计算机，我们可以利用它们的一些特殊属性来进一步降低在其中执行量子电路的成本。在这项工作中，我们使用全局相互作用，例如存在于捕获离子硬件中的全局Mølmer-Sørensen （MS）门，来优化和合成量子电路。我们设计并实现了一种算法，该算法能够将任意量子电路编译成使用全局门作为纠缠操作的另一个电路，同时优化所需的全局相互作用的数量。该算法基于zx微积分，并使用专门的电路提取程序，将纠缠门分组为全局MS门。我们在各种电路中对算法进行基准测试，并展示了与朴素算法和Qiskit优化器相比，它如何在最先进的硬件考虑下提高性能。

{"title":"Optimisation and synthesis of quantum circuits with global gates","authors":"Alejandro Villoria, Henning Basold and Alfons Laarman","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae3029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae3029","url":null,"abstract":"Compiling quantum circuits to account for hardware restrictions is an essential part of the quantum computing stack. Circuit compilation allows us to adapt algorithm descriptions into a sequence of operations supported by real quantum hardware, and has the potential to significantly improve their performance when optimisation techniques are added to the process. One such optimisation technique is reducing the number of quantum gates that are needed to execute a circuit. For instance, methods for reducing the number of non-Clifford gates or CNOT gates from a circuit are an extensive research area that has gathered significant interest over the years. For certain hardware platforms such as trapped-ion quantum computers, we can leverage some of their special properties to further reduce the cost of executing a quantum circuit in them. In this work we use global interactions, such as the Global Mølmer–Sørensen (MS) gate present in trapped-ion hardware, to optimise and synthesise quantum circuits. We design and implement an algorithm that is able to compile an arbitrary quantum circuit into another circuit that uses global gates as the entangling operation, while optimising the number of global interactions needed. The algorithm is based on the ZX-calculus and uses a specialised circuit extraction routine that groups entangling gates into Global MS gates. We benchmark the algorithm in a variety of circuits, and show how it improves their performance under state-of-the-art hardware considerations in comparison to a naive algorithm and the Qiskit optimiser.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variational determination of penalty parameters in quantum annealing 量子退火中惩罚参数的变分确定

IF 6.7 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Quantum Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae30a2

Ji-Qian Qin, Yunlong Yu and Xiang-Bin Wang

Quantum annealing (QA) offers a promising approach for solving constrained combinatorial optimization on near-term quantum devices. It encodes solutions into the ground states of the Ising problem Hamiltonians through penalty terms and penalty parameters to enforce constraints. We propose a variational determination framework to address the issue of penalty parameter selection through three progressively generalized methods: the Frozen method variationally adjusts parameters in a tunable Hamiltonian to prepare evolved states minimizing the energy of a target Hamiltonian with Frozen parameters; the Time-Transfer method applies optimized parameters to longer annealing times; and the Full-Transfer method extends this approach across both system sizes and annealing durations. The effectiveness of these methods stems from energy minimization steering the evolution toward the low-energy subspace. Evaluated on vertex cover problems over 40 randomly generated 12-vertex 3-regular graphs, the Frozen method improves the average single-run success probability from to at , and reduces the average number of runs required for 99.9% success probability by 3.8 times at (including optimization overhead). Crucially, both Time-Transfer method and Full-Transfer method achieve single-run fidelity improvements comparable to the Frozen method, while reducing the number of runs required for 99.9% success probability at by 6.63 times and 6.4 times, respectively. The speedup of the Time-Transfer method excludes initial optimization at , whereas Full-Transfer method provides end-to-end acceleration. Our variational framework establishes that optimization-informed short-time QA can match the performance of extended schedules, offering a practical approach for current quantum devices.

量子退火（QA）为解决近期量子器件的约束组合优化问题提供了一种有前途的方法。它通过惩罚项和惩罚参数将解编码为伊辛问题哈密顿量的基态，以加强约束。我们提出了一个变分确定框架，通过三种逐步推广的方法来解决惩罚参数选择问题：Frozen方法通过变分调整可调哈密顿量中的参数来制备演化状态，使具有Frozen参数的目标哈密顿量的能量最小；时间传递法将优化后的参数应用于较长的退火时间；而Full-Transfer方法将这种方法扩展到系统大小和退火持续时间。这些方法的有效性源于能量最小化引导了向低能子空间的演化。通过对40多个随机生成的12顶点3正则图的顶点覆盖问题进行评估，Frozen方法将平均单次运行成功概率从to提高到at，并将99.9%成功率所需的平均运行次数减少3.8倍at（包括优化开销）。最重要的是，Time-Transfer方法和Full-Transfer方法都实现了与Frozen方法相比的单次运行保真度改进，同时将99.9%成功率所需的运行次数分别减少了6.63倍和6.4倍。Time-Transfer方法的加速不包括初始优化，而Full-Transfer方法提供端到端的加速。我们的变分框架建立了优化通知的短时间QA可以匹配扩展时间表的性能，为当前量子设备提供了一种实用的方法。

{"title":"Variational determination of penalty parameters in quantum annealing","authors":"Ji-Qian Qin, Yunlong Yu and Xiang-Bin Wang","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae30a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae30a2","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum annealing (QA) offers a promising approach for solving constrained combinatorial optimization on near-term quantum devices. It encodes solutions into the ground states of the Ising problem Hamiltonians through penalty terms and penalty parameters to enforce constraints. We propose a variational determination framework to address the issue of penalty parameter selection through three progressively generalized methods: the Frozen method variationally adjusts parameters in a tunable Hamiltonian to prepare evolved states minimizing the energy of a target Hamiltonian with Frozen parameters; the Time-Transfer method applies optimized parameters to longer annealing times; and the Full-Transfer method extends this approach across both system sizes and annealing durations. The effectiveness of these methods stems from energy minimization steering the evolution toward the low-energy subspace. Evaluated on vertex cover problems over 40 randomly generated 12-vertex 3-regular graphs, the Frozen method improves the average single-run success probability from to at , and reduces the average number of runs required for 99.9% success probability by 3.8 times at (including optimization overhead). Crucially, both Time-Transfer method and Full-Transfer method achieve single-run fidelity improvements comparable to the Frozen method, while reducing the number of runs required for 99.9% success probability at by 6.63 times and 6.4 times, respectively. The speedup of the Time-Transfer method excludes initial optimization at , whereas Full-Transfer method provides end-to-end acceleration. Our variational framework establishes that optimization-informed short-time QA can match the performance of extended schedules, offering a practical approach for current quantum devices.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Informed Dynamic Scheduling for QLDPC Codes QLDPC码的知情动态调度

IF 6.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Quantum

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.22331/q-2026-01-16-1967

Tzu-Hsuan Huang, Yeong-Luh Ueng

Recent research has shown that syndrome-based belief propagation using layered scheduling (sLBP) can not only accelerate the convergence rate but also improve the error rate performance by breaking the quantum trapping sets for quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes, showcasing a result distinct from classical error correction codes. In this paper, we consider edge-wise informed dynamic scheduling (IDS) for QLDPC codes based on syndrome-based residual belief propagation (sRBP). However, the construction of QLDPC codes and the identical prior intrinsic information assignment will result in an equal residual in many edges, causing a performance limitation for sRBP. Two heuristic strategies, including edge pool design and error pre-correction, are introduced to tackle this obstacle and quantum trapping sets. Then, a novel sRBP equipped with a predict-and-reduce-error mechanism (PRE-sRBP) is proposed, which can provide over one order of performance gain on the considered bicycle codes and symmetric hypergraph (HP) code under similar iterations compared to sLBP.

最近的研究表明，利用分层调度（sLBP）的基于证型的信念传播不仅可以加快量子低密度奇偶校验码的收敛速度，而且可以通过打破量子俘获集来提高错误率性能，显示出不同于经典纠错码的结果。研究了基于证型残差信念传播（sRBP）的QLDPC码的边缘知情动态调度方法。然而，QLDPC码的构造和相同的先验固有信息赋值会导致许多边的残差相等，从而限制了sRBP的性能。引入了两种启发式策略，包括边缘池设计和错误预校正，以解决这一障碍和量子捕获集。然后，提出了一种具有预测和减少错误机制的新型sRBP (PRE-sRBP)，与sLBP相比，在相似迭代下，所考虑的自行车码和对称超图（HP）码可以提供一个数量级以上的性能增益。

引用次数: 0

Fault-tolerant simulation of Lattice Gauge Theories with gauge covariant codes 规范协变码的格规理论容错仿真

IF 6.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Quantum

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.22331/q-2026-01-16-1968

L. Spagnoli, A. Roggero, N. Wiebe

We show in this paper that a strong and easy connection exists between quantum error correction and Lattice Gauge Theories (LGT) by using the Gauge symmetry to construct an efficient error-correcting code for Abelian $mathbb{Z_2}$ LGTs. We identify the logical operations on this gauge covariant code and show that the corresponding Hamiltonian can be expressed in terms of these logical operations while preserving the locality of the interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these substitutions actually give a new way of writing the LGT as an equivalent hardcore boson model. Finally we demonstrate a method to perform fault-tolerant time evolution of the Hamiltonian within the gauge covariant code using both product formulas and qubitization approaches. This opens up the possibility of inexpensive end to end dynamical simulations that save physical qubits by blurring the lines between simulation algorithms and quantum error correcting codes.

本文利用规范对称构造了一个有效的Abelian $mathbb{Z_2}$ LGT的纠错码，证明了量子纠错与晶格规范理论（Lattice Gauge Theories， LGT）之间存在着强而简单的联系。我们确定了规范协变码上的逻辑运算，并证明了相应的哈密顿量可以用这些逻辑运算来表示，同时保持了相互作用的局域性。此外，我们证明了这些替换实际上提供了一种将LGT写成等效核心玻色子模型的新方法。最后给出了一种利用积公式和量子化方法对规范协变码内的哈密顿量进行容错时间演化的方法。这开辟了廉价的端到端动态模拟的可能性，通过模糊模拟算法和量子纠错码之间的界限来节省物理量子位。

引用次数: 0

物理与天体物理最新文献