Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2025/12/053
Hiram K. Herrera-Alcantar, Eric Armengaud, Christophe Yèche, Calum Gordon, Laura Casas, Andreu Font-Ribera, Christophe Magneville, Corentin Ravoux, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, A. Anand, D. Brooks, E. Chaussidon, T. Claybaugh, A. Cuceu, K.S. Dawson, A. de la Macorra, Arjun Dey, P. Doel, S. Ferraro, J.E. Forero-Romero, E. Gaztañaga, S.Gontcho A. Gontcho, A.X. Gonzalez-Morales, G. Gutierrez, J. Guy, C. Hahn, D. Kirkby, A. Kremin, O. Lahav, A. Lambert, M. Landriau, L. Le Guillou, M. Manera, P. Martini, A. Meisner, R. Miquel, A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, S. Nadathur, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, W.J. Percival, F. Prada, I. Pérez-Ràfols, G. Rossi, E. Sanchez, D. Schlegel, M. Schubnell, J. Silber, D. Sprayberry, G. Tarlé, B.A. Weaver, R. Zhou and H. Zou
The Lyman-α (Lyα) forest is a key tracer of large-scale structure at redshifts z > 2, traditionally studied using the spectra of luminous but relatively rare quasars. In this work, we explore the viability of using the fainter yet significantly more abundant Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) as alternative background sources for Lyα forest studies. We analyze 4,151 Lyα forest skewers extracted from LBG spectra obtained in the DESI pilot surveys conducted in the COSMOS and XMM-LSS fields. From this dataset, we present the first measurement of the Lyα forest auto-correlation function derived exclusively from LBG spectra, probing comoving separations up to 48 h-1 Mpc at an effective redshift of zeff = 2.70. The measured LBG Lyα forest auto-correlation is consistent with that derived from DESI DR2 quasar Lyα forest spectra at a comparable redshift, validating the use of LBGs as reliable background sources for Lyα forest analyses. In addition, we measure the cross-correlation between the LBG Lyα forest and the positions of 13,362 galaxies, demonstrating that this observable serves as a sensitive diagnostic for assessing the precision and accuracy of galaxy redshift estimates, and for identifying and correcting systematic offsets. Finally, using both synthetic LBG spectra and Fisher matrix forecasts, we show that a future wide-area survey covering ∼5,000 deg2, targeting 1,000 LBGs per square degree at signal-to-noise levels comparable to our sample, could enable LBG-based Lyα forest baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements with expected uncertainties of σαISO = 0.4% (isotropic) and σαAP = 1.3% (Alcock-Paczynski). This performance is further enhanced when combining the BAO analysis with a Lyα forest Full Shape (FS) approach, yielding a predicted uncertainty of σαISOFS = 0.6%. These results open a new avenue for precision cosmology at high redshift using the Lyα forest in dense LBG samples.
{"title":"The Lyman-α forest from LBGs: First 3D correlation measurement with DESI and prospects for cosmology","authors":"Hiram K. Herrera-Alcantar, Eric Armengaud, Christophe Yèche, Calum Gordon, Laura Casas, Andreu Font-Ribera, Christophe Magneville, Corentin Ravoux, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, A. Anand, D. Brooks, E. Chaussidon, T. Claybaugh, A. Cuceu, K.S. Dawson, A. de la Macorra, Arjun Dey, P. Doel, S. Ferraro, J.E. Forero-Romero, E. Gaztañaga, S.Gontcho A. Gontcho, A.X. Gonzalez-Morales, G. Gutierrez, J. Guy, C. Hahn, D. Kirkby, A. Kremin, O. Lahav, A. Lambert, M. Landriau, L. Le Guillou, M. Manera, P. Martini, A. Meisner, R. Miquel, A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, S. Nadathur, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, W.J. Percival, F. Prada, I. Pérez-Ràfols, G. Rossi, E. Sanchez, D. Schlegel, M. Schubnell, J. Silber, D. Sprayberry, G. Tarlé, B.A. Weaver, R. Zhou and H. Zou","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/12/053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/12/053","url":null,"abstract":"The Lyman-α (Lyα) forest is a key tracer of large-scale structure at redshifts z > 2, traditionally studied using the spectra of luminous but relatively rare quasars. In this work, we explore the viability of using the fainter yet significantly more abundant Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) as alternative background sources for Lyα forest studies. We analyze 4,151 Lyα forest skewers extracted from LBG spectra obtained in the DESI pilot surveys conducted in the COSMOS and XMM-LSS fields. From this dataset, we present the first measurement of the Lyα forest auto-correlation function derived exclusively from LBG spectra, probing comoving separations up to 48 h-1 Mpc at an effective redshift of zeff = 2.70. The measured LBG Lyα forest auto-correlation is consistent with that derived from DESI DR2 quasar Lyα forest spectra at a comparable redshift, validating the use of LBGs as reliable background sources for Lyα forest analyses. In addition, we measure the cross-correlation between the LBG Lyα forest and the positions of 13,362 galaxies, demonstrating that this observable serves as a sensitive diagnostic for assessing the precision and accuracy of galaxy redshift estimates, and for identifying and correcting systematic offsets. Finally, using both synthetic LBG spectra and Fisher matrix forecasts, we show that a future wide-area survey covering ∼5,000 deg2, targeting 1,000 LBGs per square degree at signal-to-noise levels comparable to our sample, could enable LBG-based Lyα forest baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements with expected uncertainties of σαISO = 0.4% (isotropic) and σαAP = 1.3% (Alcock-Paczynski). This performance is further enhanced when combining the BAO analysis with a Lyα forest Full Shape (FS) approach, yielding a predicted uncertainty of σαISOFS = 0.6%. These results open a new avenue for precision cosmology at high redshift using the Lyα forest in dense LBG samples.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202557011
P. F. Lazorenko, J. Sahlmann, M. Mayor, E. L. Martin, M.-R. Zapatero Osorio, J. Girard
We present a method of resolving the geometric structure in unresolved CCD images of the two-component stellar objects with relative separations below the full width at half maximum (FWHM). The practical applicability of this method has been demonstrated on example tests of the newly discovered binary, DENIS-P J1756296-451822, with a relative separation of about 0.15″ (or 0.25 × FWHM). For this purpose, we used unresolved binary images obtained with the VLT/FORS2 camera, which provided precise astrometric positions of the system photocenter. Using the same images, we applied a new, tested method capable of resolving the geometry of the binary by taking into account the difference of the image shape of the binary and of single stars, adopting an effective elliptical point spread function (PSF). In this way, we derived independent additional information on the geometry of the binary system, which allowed us to estimate the mass ratio and improved the overall orbit fit. Also, we used a single series of adaptive optics observations with NACO. Combining these data, we derived a relative flux of the secondary in the I band of 0.66 ± 0.04 and a mass ratio of q ≃ 0.886 ± 0.049, along with dynamical masses of M1 = 63.9−2.1+2.5MJup for the primary and M2 = 56.6−1.9+2.7MJup for the secondary. We note that these values are below the substellar limit. Using theoretical cooling curves for brown dwarfs, we were able to estimate the age of this binary system at between 200 and 350 Myr.
{"title":"Resolving the unresolved: Discovery and dynamical masses of the brown dwarf binary DE1756−45★","authors":"P. F. Lazorenko, J. Sahlmann, M. Mayor, E. L. Martin, M.-R. Zapatero Osorio, J. Girard","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202557011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557011","url":null,"abstract":"We present a method of resolving the geometric structure in unresolved CCD images of the two-component stellar objects with relative separations below the full width at half maximum (FWHM). The practical applicability of this method has been demonstrated on example tests of the newly discovered binary, DENIS-P J1756296-451822, with a relative separation of about 0.15″ (or 0.25 × FWHM). For this purpose, we used unresolved binary images obtained with the VLT/FORS2 camera, which provided precise astrometric positions of the system photocenter. Using the same images, we applied a new, tested method capable of resolving the geometry of the binary by taking into account the difference of the image shape of the binary and of single stars, adopting an effective elliptical point spread function (PSF). In this way, we derived independent additional information on the geometry of the binary system, which allowed us to estimate the mass ratio and improved the overall orbit fit. Also, we used a single series of adaptive optics observations with NACO. Combining these data, we derived a relative flux of the secondary in the <i>I<i/> band of 0.66 ± 0.04 and a mass ratio of <i>q<i/> ≃ 0.886 ± 0.049, along with dynamical masses of <i>M<i/><sub>1<sub/> = 63.9<sub>−2.1<sub/><sup>+2.5<sup/><i>M<i/><sub>Jup<sub/> for the primary and <i>M<i/><sub>2<sub/> = 56.6<sub>−1.9<sub/><sup>+2.7<sup/><i>M<i/><sub>Jup<sub/> for the secondary. We note that these values are below the substellar limit. Using theoretical cooling curves for brown dwarfs, we were able to estimate the age of this binary system at between 200 and 350 Myr.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2025/12/054
Amit Dutta Banik, Tapoja Jha and Eija Tanskanen
We explore the phenomenology of three Higgs doublet scenario, where the scalar potential is augmented by ℤ3 × ℤ2 symmetry making one doublet inert. Thus in effect, our model of interest is two Higgs plus inert Higgs doublet model charged under ℤ3((2+I)HDM-ℤ3) symmetry. We observe a blind spot feature for dark matter direct detection, as the tree-level dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section vanishes depending on the mass splitting of dark sector particles. We perform a detailed analysis based on vacuum stability, unitarity, relic abundance, and direct detection results on the model. We also perform profile likelihood analysis and constrain the corresponding parameter space.
{"title":"Inert dark matter in three Higgs doublet model: a blind spot narrative","authors":"Amit Dutta Banik, Tapoja Jha and Eija Tanskanen","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/12/054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/12/054","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the phenomenology of three Higgs doublet scenario, where the scalar potential is augmented by ℤ3 × ℤ2 symmetry making one doublet inert. Thus in effect, our model of interest is two Higgs plus inert Higgs doublet model charged under ℤ3((2+I)HDM-ℤ3) symmetry. We observe a blind spot feature for dark matter direct detection, as the tree-level dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section vanishes depending on the mass splitting of dark sector particles. We perform a detailed analysis based on vacuum stability, unitarity, relic abundance, and direct detection results on the model. We also perform profile likelihood analysis and constrain the corresponding parameter space.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01862
Weimin Ye
In the momentum space of a photonic crystal slab, merging multiple bound states in the continuum (BICs) into an at-Γ BIC is the typical topological configuration of polarizations to achieve high-quality (Q) leaky modes in a broad region. However, the robust high-quality leaky modes in the configuration are predominantly linearly polarized, which restricts their applicability. Here, we theoretically demonstrated that polarization states of the robust high-quality leaky modes on one band of the C3V-symmetry photonic crystal slabs can fully cover the shell of the Poincaré sphere. It occurs in the topological configuration consisting of pairs of C points with the opposite handedness located on two adjacent circles, which contract toward an at-Γ BIC along the reflection-time-symmetry axes. Merging quasi-BICs between the pairs of C points with the at-Γ BIC enables leaky modes near them with simultaneously high Q factors and diverse polarization states. Remarkably, the generations and evolutions of C points in the topological configuration are simply manipulated by a single C6V-symmetry-breaking parameter. Accidental BICs with zero charge are found in the photonic crystal slab. Our work unveils a profound connection among polarization singularities and unlocks a paradigm for not only coengineering polarization states and Q factors of leaky modes but also reconstructing the band structures of photonic crystal slabs.
{"title":"High-Quality Leaky Modes with the Polarization States Fully Covering the Shell of the Poincaré Sphere","authors":"Weimin Ye","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01862","url":null,"abstract":"In the momentum space of a photonic crystal slab, merging multiple bound states in the continuum (BICs) into an at-Γ BIC is the typical topological configuration of polarizations to achieve high-quality (<i>Q</i>) leaky modes in a broad region. However, the robust high-quality leaky modes in the configuration are predominantly linearly polarized, which restricts their applicability. Here, we theoretically demonstrated that polarization states of the robust high-quality leaky modes on one band of the <i>C</i><sub>3V</sub>-symmetry photonic crystal slabs can fully cover the shell of the Poincaré sphere. It occurs in the topological configuration consisting of pairs of C points with the opposite handedness located on two adjacent circles, which contract toward an at-Γ BIC along the reflection-time-symmetry axes. Merging quasi-BICs between the pairs of C points with the at-Γ BIC enables leaky modes near them with simultaneously high <i>Q</i> factors and diverse polarization states. Remarkably, the generations and evolutions of C points in the topological configuration are simply manipulated by a single <i>C</i><sub>6V</sub>-symmetry-breaking parameter. Accidental BICs with zero charge are found in the photonic crystal slab. Our work unveils a profound connection among polarization singularities and unlocks a paradigm for not only coengineering polarization states and <i>Q</i> factors of leaky modes but also reconstructing the band structures of photonic crystal slabs.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advances in meta‐optics have enabled diverse functionalities in compact optical devices; however, conventional forward design approaches become inadequate as device complexity and scale grow. Inverse design offers a powerful alternative but often requires massive computational resources and neglects mutual coupling effects. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a deep‐learning‐enabled framework for rapid inverse design of large‐scale, aperiodic metasurfaces with full‐wave accuracy. The framework integrates an inverse design network that maps target near‐field responses to metasurface geometries in a non‐iterative and scalable manner. A lightweight forward prediction network, incorporated as a full‐wave solver surrogate within the framework, enables efficient end‐to‐end training of the inverse design network while capturing mutual coupling effects by considering both local and neighboring geometries. The framework's effectiveness is experimentally verified through a multi‐foci metalens and a holographic metasurface. This framework enables the inverse design from micrometer to centimeter scales (> 20 kλ), with near‐field responses discrepancies less than 3% compared to full‐wave solvers at subwavelength (< λ⁄10) resolution. Moreover, it is generalizable to metasurfaces of arbitrary size and operates efficiently without high‐performance resources, overcoming the computational bottlenecks of previous inverse design methods.
{"title":"Deep‐Learning‐Enabled Inverse Design of Large‐Scale Metasurfaces With Full‐Wave Accuracy","authors":"Borui Xu, Jingzhu Shao, Xiangyu Zhao, Haishan Xu, Yudong Tian, Nanxi Chen, Jielin Sun, Han Lin, Qiaoliang Bao, Yiyong Mai, Chongzhao Wu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202503115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202503115","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in meta‐optics have enabled diverse functionalities in compact optical devices; however, conventional forward design approaches become inadequate as device complexity and scale grow. Inverse design offers a powerful alternative but often requires massive computational resources and neglects mutual coupling effects. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a deep‐learning‐enabled framework for rapid inverse design of large‐scale, aperiodic metasurfaces with full‐wave accuracy. The framework integrates an inverse design network that maps target near‐field responses to metasurface geometries in a non‐iterative and scalable manner. A lightweight forward prediction network, incorporated as a full‐wave solver surrogate within the framework, enables efficient end‐to‐end training of the inverse design network while capturing mutual coupling effects by considering both local and neighboring geometries. The framework's effectiveness is experimentally verified through a multi‐foci metalens and a holographic metasurface. This framework enables the inverse design from micrometer to centimeter scales (> 20 kλ), with near‐field responses discrepancies less than 3% compared to full‐wave solvers at subwavelength (< λ⁄10) resolution. Moreover, it is generalizable to metasurfaces of arbitrary size and operates efficiently without high‐performance resources, overcoming the computational bottlenecks of previous inverse design methods.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02470
Martín Aversa, Nicolas A. Roqueiro, Camila Borrazás, Juan Ignacio Sangiorgio, Hilario D. Boggiano, Juan Bonaparte, Andrés Di Donato, María Cecilia Fuertes, Andrea V. Bragas, Gustavo Grinblat
Nanoacoustic cavities made with van der Waals materials offer unique opportunities for optomechanics, quantum information, and nanoscale sensing. Here, we present a comprehensive study of coherent acoustic phonons in mechanically exfoliated MoS2 nanocavities under both supported and suspended configurations, covering an unprecedented frequency range from 5 to 300 GHz. We show that, as the flake thickness increases from 10 to 500 nm, the vibrational spectrum extends beyond the fundamental breathing mode to include higher harmonics up to N = 7, low-frequency Lamb waves, and an out-of-plane propagating acoustic mode that yields Brillouin oscillations. A detailed analysis of dissipation mechanisms reveals that, at intermediate frequencies, radiative energy leakage into the substrate reduces lifetimes of supported flakes by up to an order of magnitude. Suspended flakes, instead, are limited by surface roughness at high frequencies and Lamb wave conversion at low frequencies. Strikingly, the higher harmonics in supported flakes achieve lifetimes that approach those of suspended samples, enabling efficient energy transmission without the need for substrate decoupling. We further analyze the frequency–thickness relationship, which is accurately described by a spring-model treatment of imperfect interfaces that accounts for surface roughness. Altogether, these findings provide a unified understanding of coherent acoustic phonon dynamics in MoS2, and suggest that substrate decoupling, surface engineering, and harmonic mode utilization are promising strategies for enhancing quality factors in optomechanical and quantum nanodevices.
{"title":"Coherent Acoustic Phonons in Supported and Suspended MoS2 Nanocavities","authors":"Martín Aversa, Nicolas A. Roqueiro, Camila Borrazás, Juan Ignacio Sangiorgio, Hilario D. Boggiano, Juan Bonaparte, Andrés Di Donato, María Cecilia Fuertes, Andrea V. Bragas, Gustavo Grinblat","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02470","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoacoustic cavities made with van der Waals materials offer unique opportunities for optomechanics, quantum information, and nanoscale sensing. Here, we present a comprehensive study of coherent acoustic phonons in mechanically exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocavities under both supported and suspended configurations, covering an unprecedented frequency range from 5 to 300 GHz. We show that, as the flake thickness increases from 10 to 500 nm, the vibrational spectrum extends beyond the fundamental breathing mode to include higher harmonics up to <i>N</i> = 7, low-frequency Lamb waves, and an out-of-plane propagating acoustic mode that yields Brillouin oscillations. A detailed analysis of dissipation mechanisms reveals that, at intermediate frequencies, radiative energy leakage into the substrate reduces lifetimes of supported flakes by up to an order of magnitude. Suspended flakes, instead, are limited by surface roughness at high frequencies and Lamb wave conversion at low frequencies. Strikingly, the higher harmonics in supported flakes achieve lifetimes that approach those of suspended samples, enabling efficient energy transmission without the need for substrate decoupling. We further analyze the frequency–thickness relationship, which is accurately described by a spring-model treatment of imperfect interfaces that accounts for surface roughness. Altogether, these findings provide a unified understanding of coherent acoustic phonon dynamics in MoS<sub>2</sub>, and suggest that substrate decoupling, surface engineering, and harmonic mode utilization are promising strategies for enhancing quality factors in optomechanical and quantum nanodevices.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grafted perfect vector vortex beams (GPVVBs) expand the spatial encoding capacity of structured light by combining multiple degrees of freedom within a single beam. However, the current implementation schemes remain constrained by two critical challenges: intrinsic conjugate loss and limited topological charge combinations. Here, we present a diatomic metasurface platform that directly modulates the polarization‐dependent complex amplitudes of incident light, producing a single on‐axis output beam and eliminating the intrinsic conjugate loss of Pancharatnam–Berry phase designs. To achieve high‐degree‐of‐freedom GPVVBs, we introduce a global phase‐compensation strategy that enforces boundary continuity and admits arbitrary integer, fractional, or hybrid topological charge combinations, substantially enhancing the accessible mode space. As a proof of concept, we fabricate a metasurface array generating parallel‐channel double‐ring GPVVBs and demonstrate secure optical encryption across four independent information channels. This integrated approach combines high efficiency, full programmability of beam scaling, rotation, polarization order, polarization ellipticity, and exceptional scalability of the encoding space. Our results establish phase‐compensated GPVVB metasurfaces as a compact and versatile platform for high‐capacity secure information processing, optical trapping, and other advanced photonic applications.
{"title":"High‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Grafted Perfect Vector Vortex Beams Enabled by Diatomic Metasurfaces","authors":"Shanshan Ge, Haiyang Ren, Mingze Liu, Haocun Qi, Maowen Song, Pengcheng Huo, Ting Xu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502620","url":null,"abstract":"Grafted perfect vector vortex beams (GPVVBs) expand the spatial encoding capacity of structured light by combining multiple degrees of freedom within a single beam. However, the current implementation schemes remain constrained by two critical challenges: intrinsic conjugate loss and limited topological charge combinations. Here, we present a diatomic metasurface platform that directly modulates the polarization‐dependent complex amplitudes of incident light, producing a single on‐axis output beam and eliminating the intrinsic conjugate loss of Pancharatnam–Berry phase designs. To achieve high‐degree‐of‐freedom GPVVBs, we introduce a global phase‐compensation strategy that enforces boundary continuity and admits arbitrary integer, fractional, or hybrid topological charge combinations, substantially enhancing the accessible mode space. As a proof of concept, we fabricate a metasurface array generating parallel‐channel double‐ring GPVVBs and demonstrate secure optical encryption across four independent information channels. This integrated approach combines high efficiency, full programmability of beam scaling, rotation, polarization order, polarization ellipticity, and exceptional scalability of the encoding space. Our results establish phase‐compensated GPVVB metasurfaces as a compact and versatile platform for high‐capacity secure information processing, optical trapping, and other advanced photonic applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ae2413
Bernard J Kelly, Sarah Gossan, Leonardo R Werneck, John Wise, Zachariah B Etienne, Thiago Assumpção, Aláine Lee and John G Baker
Direct-collapse black holes (DCBHs) are an important component of the massive BH population of the early Universe, and their formation and early mergers will be prominent in the data stream of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. However, the population and binary properties of these early BHs are poorly understood, with masses, mass ratios, spins, and orbital eccentricities strongly dependent on the details of their formation, and the properties of the remaining exterior material (baryonic and non-baryonic), which may be substantial to the point of merger. We report on initial work to simulate the formation, collapse, and/or merger of such DCBH regions in order to extract the resulting gravitational-wave signals.
直接坍缩黑洞（Direct-collapse black holes, DCBHs）是早期宇宙大质量黑洞群的重要组成部分，它们的形成和早期合并将成为激光干涉仪空间天线数据流中的重要内容。然而，人们对这些早期黑洞的总体和双星性质知之甚少，质量、质量比、自旋和轨道偏心性强烈依赖于它们形成的细节，以及剩余的外部物质（重子和非重子）的性质，这些物质可能对合并点很重要。我们报告了模拟这些DCBH区域的形成、坍缩和/或合并的初步工作，以提取由此产生的引力波信号。
{"title":"Gravitational-wave signatures of massive black hole formation","authors":"Bernard J Kelly, Sarah Gossan, Leonardo R Werneck, John Wise, Zachariah B Etienne, Thiago Assumpção, Aláine Lee and John G Baker","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae2413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae2413","url":null,"abstract":"Direct-collapse black holes (DCBHs) are an important component of the massive BH population of the early Universe, and their formation and early mergers will be prominent in the data stream of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. However, the population and binary properties of these early BHs are poorly understood, with masses, mass ratios, spins, and orbital eccentricities strongly dependent on the details of their formation, and the properties of the remaining exterior material (baryonic and non-baryonic), which may be substantial to the point of merger. We report on initial work to simulate the formation, collapse, and/or merger of such DCBH regions in order to extract the resulting gravitational-wave signals.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ae29dc
Andronikos Paliathanasis
We investigate hidden symmetries in a minimally coupled scalar field cosmology within the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker Universe, considering a perfect fluid both with and without interaction with the scalar field. We show that, for an exponential potential, there exists a set of canonical transformations through which the cosmological field equations can be recast as those of a free particle in flat space. Based on this equivalence, we construct a mapping that generates cosmological solutions with interaction terms, corresponding to a chameleon mechanism. Finally, we discuss how this class of canonical transformations can relate the solution spaces of different cosmological models, such as those of the scalar field and of the Λ-cosmology.
{"title":"Canonical structure and hidden symmetries in scalar field cosmology","authors":"Andronikos Paliathanasis","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae29dc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae29dc","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate hidden symmetries in a minimally coupled scalar field cosmology within the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker Universe, considering a perfect fluid both with and without interaction with the scalar field. We show that, for an exponential potential, there exists a set of canonical transformations through which the cosmological field equations can be recast as those of a free particle in flat space. Based on this equivalence, we construct a mapping that generates cosmological solutions with interaction terms, corresponding to a chameleon mechanism. Finally, we discuss how this class of canonical transformations can relate the solution spaces of different cosmological models, such as those of the scalar field and of the Λ-cosmology.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) imaging systems usually suffer from bulkiness, high cost, and image edge blurring. To address these challenges, we propose a single-layer metalens with LWIR edge enhancement. It is fabricated with an all-silicon wafer with the lithography process. This silicon metalens works at 10.6 μm central wavelength and is polarization-insensitive, with a 9 mm diameter and a 0.45 numerical aperture. Simulation shows that the peak-to-peak (PTP) distance is about 20 μm. The sidelobe ratio (SR) is −20 dB. Experimental measured the PTP value reaches about 24 μm, and the imaging edge contrast exceeds 7.6 dB, showing an excellent edge enhancement. The minimum resolvable feature size is about 0.4 mm. These results demonstrate an effective enhancement of LWIR images. Moreover, it is a front-end all-optical preprocessing way, could inspire a series of lightweight, low-cost, intelligent LWIR imaging solutions.
{"title":"Long-Wavelength Infrared Edge-Enhanced Imaging with a Single-Layer Silicon Vortex Metalens","authors":"Yuqing Zhang, Shaoqi Li, Jiagui Wu, Yiyi Li, Fengyuan Gan, Wangzhe Zhou, Yongcan Zeng, Xiaoyun He, Chongchong Ran, Jie Chen, Lehan Zhao, Fen Zhao, Zhengmao Wu, Gangyi Zhu, Junbo Yang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01877","url":null,"abstract":"Long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) imaging systems usually suffer from bulkiness, high cost, and image edge blurring. To address these challenges, we propose a single-layer metalens with LWIR edge enhancement. It is fabricated with an all-silicon wafer with the lithography process. This silicon metalens works at 10.6 μm central wavelength and is polarization-insensitive, with a 9 mm diameter and a 0.45 numerical aperture. Simulation shows that the peak-to-peak (PTP) distance is about 20 μm. The sidelobe ratio (SR) is −20 dB. Experimental measured the PTP value reaches about 24 μm, and the imaging edge contrast exceeds 7.6 dB, showing an excellent edge enhancement. The minimum resolvable feature size is about 0.4 mm. These results demonstrate an effective enhancement of LWIR images. Moreover, it is a front-end all-optical preprocessing way, could inspire a series of lightweight, low-cost, intelligent LWIR imaging solutions.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：