物理与天体物理最新文献

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IF 32.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Nature Photonics

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01838-3

Malte C. Kaluza

A Hydrogen plasma that is generated with controllable density distribution can act as a lens to tightly focus extreme-ultraviolet attosecond pulses.

一种密度分布可控的氢等离子体可以作为透镜紧密聚焦极紫外阿秒脉冲。

引用次数: 0

Scaling quantum photonics networks 缩放量子光子网络

IF 32.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Nature Photonics

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01834-7

Yun-Ru Fan, Qiang Zhou

Mode mixing and mapping with a piece of multimode optical fibre and spatial light modulators creates a bridge between two isolated quantum networks, linking distant nodes with quantum connectivity.

用一段多模光纤和空间光调制器进行模式混合和映射，在两个孤立的量子网络之间建立了一座桥梁，用量子连接连接了遥远的节点。

引用次数: 0

Nanoscale probing of interfaces 纳米级界面探测

IF 32.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Nature Photonics

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-026-01844-z

Anastasiia Vasylchenkova

引用次数: 0

High-power pulsed electrochemiluminescence for optogenetic manipulation of Drosophila larval behaviour. 高功率脉冲电化学发光对果蝇幼虫行为的光遗传操纵。

IF 23.4 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Light, science & applications

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02143-y

Chang-Ki Moon, Matthias König, Ranjini Sircar, Julian F Butscher, Ronald Alle, Klaus Meerholz, Stefan R Pulver, Malte C Gather

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) produces light through electrochemical reactions and has shown promise for various analytic applications in biomedicine. However, the use of ECL devices (ECLDs) as light sources has been limited due to insufficient light output and low operational stability. In this study, we present a high-power pulsed operation strategy for ECLDs to address these limitations and demonstrate their effectiveness in optogenetic manipulation. By applying a biphasic voltage sequence with short opposing phases, we achieve intense and efficient ECL through an exciplex-formation reaction pathway. This approach results in an exceptionally high optical power density, exceeding 100 μW mm^-², for several thousand pulses. Balancing the ion concentration by optimizing the voltage waveform further improves device stability. By incorporating multiple optimized pulses into a pulse train separated by short rest periods, extended light pulses of high brightness and with minimal power loss over time were obtained. These strategies were leveraged to elicit a robust optogenetic response in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) larvae expressing the optogenetic effector CsChrimson. The semi-transparent nature of ECLDs facilitates simultaneous imaging of larval behaviour from underneath, through the device. These findings highlight the potential of ECLDs as versatile optical tools in biomedical and neurophotonics research.

电化学发光（ECL）是一种通过电化学反应产生光的技术，在生物医学分析领域有着广阔的应用前景。然而，由于光输出不足和操作稳定性低，ECL器件（ecld）作为光源的使用受到限制。在本研究中，我们提出了一种用于ecld的高功率脉冲操作策略，以解决这些限制并证明其在光遗传操作中的有效性。通过施加具有短相反相位的双相电压序列，我们通过激合-形成反应途径实现了强烈而有效的ECL。这种方法可以产生非常高的光功率密度，超过100 μW mm-²，可以产生数千个脉冲。通过优化电压波形平衡离子浓度，进一步提高了器件的稳定性。通过将多个优化脉冲合并到一个脉冲序列中，以短的休息时间分开，可以获得高亮度和最小功率损耗的延长光脉冲。利用这些策略，在表达光遗传效应物CsChrimson的果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）幼虫中引发了强烈的光遗传反应。ecld的半透明特性有助于通过该设备从下方同时成像幼虫的行为。这些发现突出了ecld在生物医学和神经光子学研究中作为多功能光学工具的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Laser-induced plasma ignition and combustion characteristics for advective NH3/H2/Air mixtures with constant velocity 等速平流NH3/H2/空气混合物激光诱导等离子体点火及燃烧特性

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114877

Junjie Zhang, Erjiang Hu, Zihao Chen, Geyuan Yin, Zuohua Huang

Based on the advection flow combustion platform, this study conducted laser ignition experiments on NH₃/H₂/Air premixed gases under different equivalence ratios (ϕ) and hydrogen blending ratios (α) with the velocity of 1 m/s, analyzing key results such as minimum ignition energy (MIE), flame development area, flame front velocity, and flame centroid. To enhance the optical relevance of this study, a precisely controlled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser system and high-speed optical diagnostics were employed to characterize the ignition process and intrinsic flame luminosity. The results demonstrate that increasing the α effectively reduces MIE, with this effect being more pronounced in lean mixtures. As the α increases, the ϕ corresponding to the minimum MIE shifts toward leaner conditions. Richer mixtures with higher hydrogen blending ratios significantly accelerate flame development, resulting in greater maximum flame areas and flame front velocities. However, excessively high hydrogen blending ratios can induce flame oscillation, altering the flow state in the combustion chamber and causing random variations in combustion parameters. This study further reveals, through optical measurements, that these oscillations are accompanied by fluctuations in flame morphology and luminous intensity, indicating a coupling between optical emission characteristics and unsteady combustion. The formation and development of the third-lobe flame kernel during laser ignition influence the initial trend of the flame centroid and hydrogen blending effectively mitigates the upward movement of ammonia flames, particularly in lean mixtures, although this improvement diminishes as the α continues to increase in this platform. Changes in MIE, flame front velocity, and flame centroid indicate that the benefits of hydrogen addition are more pronounced in leaner mixtures, to ensure both stable laser ignition and efficient combustion, this study recommends limiting the hydrogen blending ratio in advective NH₃/H₂/Air mixtures to no more than 10 % in advective flow combustion platform.

基于平流燃烧平台，对速度为1 m/s的NH3/H2/Air预混气体在不同等效比（φ）和混氢比（α）下进行激光点火实验，分析最小点火能量（MIE）、火焰发展面积、火焰锋面速度、火焰质心等关键结果。为了增强本研究的光学相关性，采用精确控制调q Nd:YAG激光系统和高速光学诊断来表征点火过程和固有火焰亮度。结果表明，增加α能有效降低MIE，且在瘦肉混合料中效果更为明显。随着α的增加，与最小MIE相对应的ϕ向更精简的条件移动。氢混合比越高，混合越丰富，火焰发展速度越快，最大火焰面积越大，火焰前缘速度越快。然而，过高的掺氢比例会引起火焰振荡，改变燃烧室内的流动状态，导致燃烧参数的随机变化。本研究通过光学测量进一步揭示，这些振荡伴随着火焰形态和发光强度的波动，表明光学发射特性与不稳定燃烧之间存在耦合。激光点火过程中第三叶火焰核的形成和发展影响了火焰质心的初始趋势，氢的混合有效地减缓了氨火焰的向上运动，特别是在稀薄混合物中，尽管这种改善随着α的继续增加而减弱。MIE、火焰前速度和火焰质心的变化表明，在稀薄混合气中加氢的好处更为明显，为了保证激光点火的稳定和高效燃烧，本研究建议在平流燃烧平台中，将平流NH3/H2/Air混合气中的加氢比例限制在不超过10%。

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引用次数: 0

Optimized QUBO formulation methods for quantum computing 优化量子计算的QUBO公式方法

IF 6.7 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Quantum Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae3b70

Dario De Santis, Salvatore Tirone, Stefano Marmi and Vittorio Giovannetti

Quantum computers have strict requirements for the problems that they can efficiently solve. One of the principal limiting factor for the performances of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is the number of qubits required by the running algorithm. Several combinatorial optimization problems can be solved with NISQ devices once that a corresponding quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form is derived. Numerous techniques have been proposed to achieve such reformulations and, depending on the method chosen, the number of binary variables required, and therefore of qubits, can vary considerably. The aim of this work is to drastically reduce the variables needed for these QUBO reformulations in order to unlock the possibility to efficiently obtain optimal solutions for a class of optimization problems with NISQ devices. This goal is achieved by introducing novel tools that allow an efficient use of slack variables, even for problems with non-linear constraints, without the need to approximate the starting problem. We divide our new techniques in two independent parts, called the iterative quadratic polynomial and the master-satellite methods. Hence, we show how to apply our techniques in case of an NP-hard optimization problem inspired by a real-world financial scenario called Max-Profit Balance Settlement. We follow by submitting several instances of this problem to two D-wave quantum annealers, comparing the performances of our novel approach with the standard methods used in these scenarios. Moreover, this study allows to appreciate several performance differences between the D-wave Advantage and next-generation Advantage2 quantum annealers. We show that the adoption of our techniques in this context allows to obtain QUBO formulations with significantly fewer slack variables, i.e. around 90% less, and D-wave annealers provide considerably higher correct solution rates, which moreover do not decrease with the input size as fast as when adopting standard techniques.

量子计算机对它们能有效解决的问题有严格的要求。噪声中尺度量子（NISQ）器件性能的主要限制因素之一是运行算法所需的量子比特数。通过推导出相应的二次型无约束二元优化（QUBO）形式，可以解决NISQ器件的组合优化问题。已经提出了许多技术来实现这种重新表述，并且根据所选择的方法，所需的二进制变量的数量以及量子比特的数量可能会有很大的变化。这项工作的目的是大幅减少这些QUBO重新公式所需的变量，以便解锁有效地获得NISQ设备优化问题的一类最佳解决方案的可能性。这一目标是通过引入新的工具来实现的，这些工具允许有效地使用松弛变量，即使对于具有非线性约束的问题，也不需要近似初始问题。我们将我们的新技术分为两个独立的部分，称为迭代二次多项式和主卫星方法。因此，我们将展示如何将我们的技术应用于一个NP-hard优化问题，该问题受到称为最大利润余额结算的真实金融场景的启发。接下来，我们将这个问题的几个实例提交给两个d波量子退火器，将我们的新方法与这些场景中使用的标准方法的性能进行比较。此外，本研究允许欣赏D-wave Advantage和下一代Advantage2量子退加工机之间的几个性能差异。我们表明，在这种情况下采用我们的技术可以获得具有更少松弛变量的QUBO公式，即减少约90%，并且d波退火器提供了相当高的正确解率，而且不像采用标准技术时那样随着输入大小而快速下降。

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引用次数: 0

Robust Strong Coupling of Monolayer WS2 in Plasmonic Nanocavities via Scattering and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy 等离子体纳米腔中单层WS2的强耦合研究

IF 7 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

ACS Photonics

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01950

Jing Li, Qingzhang You, Wenjing Bo, Menglei Li, Xi Liang, Lisheng Zhang, Longkun Yang, Ze Li, Duan Zhang, Yan Fang, Peter Nordlander, Peijie Wang

Strong coupling (SC) between plasmonic nanocavities and excitons in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) has promoted fundamental studies in quantum electrodynamics and applications in photonic quantum technologies. Although previous SC research with 2D-TMD predominantly characterized cavity polaritons through scattering spectroscopy, the observation of the complete anticrossing behavior in photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been less frequently reported and is crucial for ascertaining the underlying physics. In this study, we robustly demonstrate an unambiguous SC between a single gold-nanorod cavity and monolayer WS₂ excitons. This was achieved by observing complete upper and lower polariton branch emissions via both scattering and PL spectroscopy. The sharp tips of the plasmonic nanocavity of the nanorods give rise to a large single exciton coupling strength up to 14.9 meV. We estimate that the number of excitons in the strongly coupled entangled state range from 8.7 to 17.3. Correlated scattering and PL spectra measurements on a single coupled system confirm the presence of strong plasmon-exciton interactions. Further theoretical simulations using a coupled-oscillator model show excellent agreement with the measured scattering and PL spectral data, effectively capturing the energy separation and intensity ratio of the polaritonic peaks. The high yield of SC structures achieved presents an opportunity to explore their nonlinear, electrical, and quantum correlation properties, which may be sufficient for practical quantum optoelectronic devices.

二维过渡金属二硫族化合物（2D-TMDs）中等离子体纳米腔与激子之间的强耦合促进了量子电动力学的基础研究和光子量子技术的应用。虽然先前的SC研究主要通过散射光谱表征腔极化，但在光致发光（PL）光谱中观察完全的抗交叉行为的报道较少，对于确定潜在的物理特性至关重要。在这项研究中，我们有力地证明了单个金纳米棒腔和单层WS2激子之间存在明确的SC。这是通过散射和PL光谱观察完整的上下极化子分支发射来实现的。纳米棒的等离子体纳米腔的尖尖产生了一个大的单激子耦合强度，高达14.9 meV。我们估计处于强耦合纠缠态的激子数在8.7到17.3之间。在单个耦合系统上的相关散射和PL光谱测量证实了强等离子体激子相互作用的存在。利用耦合振荡器模型进行的进一步理论模拟与实测散射和PL光谱数据非常吻合，有效地捕获了极化离子峰的能量分离和强度比。SC结构的高产率为探索其非线性、电学和量子相关特性提供了机会，这可能足以用于实际的量子光电器件。

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引用次数: 0

Alleviating the Field of View and High Image Fidelity Trade-off in Holography: Multifunctional Tunable 3D Holographic Display 缓解全息术中的视场和高保真度权衡：多功能可调3D全息显示

IF 7 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

ACS Photonics

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02757

Chi Hu, Guobin Sun, Yuyan Lu, Dacheng Jiang, Jin Zhang

Three-dimensional (3D) holographic display has emerged as the most promising approach for next-generation visualization technologies. However, the inherent limitations of spatial light modulators (SLMs) in terms of pixel size and resolution impose fundamental trade-off between field of view (FOV) and high image fidelity. Conventional approaches struggle to simultaneously enhance both metrics. In this work, we present an innovative and practical solution that effectively alleviates this trade-off by intelligently redistributing the SLM’s pixel budget via spatial multiplexing. By implementing spatially multiplexed hologram generation combined with an optimized optical layout and phase compensation, we demonstrate a reconfigurable 3D holographic system that achieves, for the first time with a single SLM, an 8 times magnification and a 42° viewing angle. While the resolution of each individual subhologram is limited by the SLM’s pixels, our system orchestrates them to effectively expand the overall system’s capabilities beyond what is achievable with conventional single-hologram setups. The proposed method simplifies the design complexity and alleviates issues related to high-cost components by jointly operating on the hologram design and the display device. This research provides a viable pathway toward high-performance 3D holographic displays with large size and wide viewing angles, with promising implications for high-information-content applications in biomedical imaging, virtual reality, and interactive electronics.

三维（3D）全息显示已成为下一代可视化技术中最有前途的方法。然而，空间光调制器（slm）在像素大小和分辨率方面的固有局限性迫使其在视场（FOV）和高图像保真度之间进行基本权衡。传统方法很难同时增强这两个指标。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种创新和实用的解决方案，通过空间复用智能地重新分配SLM的像素预算，有效地缓解了这种权衡。通过将空间复用全息图生成与优化的光学布局和相位补偿相结合，我们展示了一个可重构的3D全息系统，该系统首次实现了单个SLM的8倍放大和42°视角。虽然每个子全息图的分辨率受到SLM像素的限制，但我们的系统对它们进行协调，有效地扩展了整个系统的能力，超出了传统的单全息图设置所能实现的能力。该方法通过在全息图设计和显示器件上共同操作，简化了设计复杂性，缓解了高成本器件的相关问题。该研究为实现大尺寸、宽视角的高性能3D全息显示器提供了一条可行的途径，对生物医学成像、虚拟现实和交互式电子等领域的高信息量应用具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Plasma processes for the creation of customizable bio-instructive surfaces and interfaces 用于创建可定制的生物指导表面和界面的等离子体工艺

IF 4 2区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Applied Physics Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1063/5.0301610

Aaron D. Gilmour, Jameel Sardharwalla, Stuart T. Fraser, Xuege Feng, Sophia C. Franklin, Clara T. H. Tran, Marcela M. M. Bilek

The growth and study of living cells outside their native organisms forms the foundation of modern biology and underpin medicine. It has led to the identification of stem cells and the development of methods that can reprogram mature cells into pluripotent states, creating enormous potential for new therapies that can cure previously untreatable conditions and enable the repair of patient-specific tissues and organs. Accessing these advances, however, will require the development of sophisticated new cell culture materials and technologies. This Perspective article reviews the development of cell culture and current cell culture capabilities, with particular attention to the influence of spatial and temporal factors. We discuss traditional 2D culture, the complexities of 3D systems, and the emergence of 2.5D approaches as an alternative to high throughput 2D systems. Untapped potential and barriers to progress are identified while the new materials and technologies needed to drive the field forward are discussed.

活细胞在其原生生物体之外的生长和研究构成了现代生物学和支撑医学的基础。它导致了干细胞的识别和成熟细胞重编程进入多能状态的方法的发展，为新疗法创造了巨大的潜力，可以治愈以前无法治疗的疾病，并使患者特异性组织和器官得以修复。然而，要实现这些进步，将需要开发复杂的新细胞培养材料和技术。这篇展望文章回顾了细胞培养的发展和当前的细胞培养能力，特别关注空间和时间因素的影响。我们讨论了传统的2D文化，3D系统的复杂性，以及作为高通量2D系统替代方案的2.5D方法的出现。确定了未开发的潜力和进展障碍，同时讨论了推动该领域向前发展所需的新材料和新技术。

引用次数: 0

Dipole-Quadrupole Model and Multipole Analysis of Resonant Membrane Metasurfaces 共振膜超表面的偶极-四极模型及多极分析

IF 11 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Laser & Photonics Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202502674

Izzatjon Allayarov, Andrey B. Evlyukhin, Antonio Calà Lesina

Membrane metasurfaces, formed by periodic arrangements of holes in a dielectric layer, are gaining attention for their easier manufacturing via subtractive techniques, unnecessity of substrates, and access to resonant near fields. Despite their practical relevance, their theoretical description remains elusive. Here, we present a semi-analytical dipole-quadrupole model for the multipole analysis of numerically obtained reflection and transmission spectra in metasurfaces excited at arbitrary angles. Dipole models are generally sufficient to study traditional metasurfaces made of solid nanostructures. However, the inclusion of electric and magnetic quadrupoles is necessary to study membrane metasurfaces, which offer an ideal platform to showcase our method. We demonstrate the importance of choosing the optimal position of a symmetric membrane metasurface's unit cell to ensure the sufficiency of the dipole-quadrupole approximation. We show that our formalism can explain complex phenomena arising from inter-multipole interference, including lattice anapole and generalized Kerker effects, Fano resonances, and quasi-bound states in the continuum. We also present the applicability of the method to membrane metasurfaces with non-centrosymmetric unit cells (e.g., conical holes and surface voids). By enabling a deeper insight into the coupling mechanisms leading to the formation of local and collective resonances, our method expands the electromagnetics toolbox to study, understand, and design conventional and membrane metasurfaces.

膜超表面是由介电层中孔的周期性排列形成的，由于其更容易通过减法技术制造，不需要衬底，并且可以获得谐振近场而受到关注。尽管它们具有实际意义，但它们的理论描述仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们提出了一个半解析的偶极-四极模型，用于在任意角度激发的超表面上数值获得的反射和透射光谱的多极分析。偶极子模型通常足以研究由固体纳米结构构成的传统超表面。然而，包含电和磁四极对于研究膜超表面是必要的，这为展示我们的方法提供了一个理想的平台。我们证明了选择对称膜超表面单元胞的最佳位置以确保偶极-四极近似的充分性的重要性。我们证明了我们的形式可以解释由多极间干涉引起的复杂现象，包括晶格拟极点和广义Kerker效应、Fano共振和连续体中的准束缚态。我们还提出了该方法对具有非中心对称单元细胞（例如，锥形孔和表面空隙）的膜超表面的适用性。通过更深入地了解导致局部和集体共振形成的耦合机制，我们的方法扩展了电磁学工具箱，以研究、理解和设计传统和膜超表面。

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