Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/02/030
Rutvik Ashish Mahajan, Raghunath Ghara, Nishant Deo and Arnab Mishra
We present an improved matched filter method for detecting large ionized regions in 21 cm observations of the Epoch of Reionization. In addition to detection, the method constrains the properties of these regions, offering insights into the underlying source populations. Extending a previously developed Bayesian framework, we replace the spherical filter with an eight-parameter spheroidal filter, enabling a more flexible characterization of ionized bubbles. This enhancement significantly improves both detectability and recovery of bubble orientations. For a representative reionization scenario with a mean ionization fraction of 0.4 at z = 7, we find that a 10σ detection of the largest ionized region can be achieved with ∼ 1 h of observation using the SKA-low AA4 and AA★ layouts. Our method can help identify regions in the observed field that host large ionized bubbles, making them prime targets for deeper follow-up observations.
{"title":"Enhancing the detectability of ionized regions during the Epoch of Reionization","authors":"Rutvik Ashish Mahajan, Raghunath Ghara, Nishant Deo and Arnab Mishra","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/02/030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/02/030","url":null,"abstract":"We present an improved matched filter method for detecting large ionized regions in 21 cm observations of the Epoch of Reionization. In addition to detection, the method constrains the properties of these regions, offering insights into the underlying source populations. Extending a previously developed Bayesian framework, we replace the spherical filter with an eight-parameter spheroidal filter, enabling a more flexible characterization of ionized bubbles. This enhancement significantly improves both detectability and recovery of bubble orientations. For a representative reionization scenario with a mean ionization fraction of 0.4 at z = 7, we find that a 10σ detection of the largest ionized region can be achieved with ∼ 1 h of observation using the SKA-low AA4 and AA★ layouts. Our method can help identify regions in the observed field that host large ionized bubbles, making them prime targets for deeper follow-up observations.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"314 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c03087
Chengwei Song,Yiming Wang,Yunyun Ji,Peng Shen,Shiqiang Zhao,Liang Ma,Xianghui Wang,Shengjiang Chang,Fei Fan
Terahertz trace sensing is inherently constrained by weak light-matter interactions. To address this fundamental bottleneck, we propose a novel sensing paradigm based on surface plasmonic (SP) field interference, transitioning from conventional free-space spectroscopic sensing to on-chip surface optical field sensing. Leveraging the extraordinary confinement and focusing capabilities of SP fields, the localized light intensity is substantially enhanced, thereby enhancing the efficiency of light-matter interactions. More importantly, by employing orthogonal slit antenna pairs as coherent surface wavelet sources and a three-stage coherent superposition mechanism, two sets of focused surface waves construct an interferometric field with precisely tunable optical path differences. Ultrasensitive detection is realized through the analysis of focal interference spectra. Experimental validation based on the hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase demonstrates that the sensing platform attains a detection limit (LOD) as low as 3.125 μg/mL. Furthermore, by fusing 2D surface spectral data with machine-learning algorithms, accurate prediction of enzyme concentrations in the range of 3.125–50 μg/mL is successfully achieved. This work establishes an on-chip precision interferometric sensing technique integrating photonic integration technology and data fusion, representing a breakthrough advancement in the on-chip integration level, detection accuracy, and operational robustness of terahertz sensing systems.
{"title":"On-Chip Terahertz Interferometric Sensing Based on Focused Surface Plasmonic Field and Spatial Spectral Fusion Methodology","authors":"Chengwei Song,Yiming Wang,Yunyun Ji,Peng Shen,Shiqiang Zhao,Liang Ma,Xianghui Wang,Shengjiang Chang,Fei Fan","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c03087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c03087","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz trace sensing is inherently constrained by weak light-matter interactions. To address this fundamental bottleneck, we propose a novel sensing paradigm based on surface plasmonic (SP) field interference, transitioning from conventional free-space spectroscopic sensing to on-chip surface optical field sensing. Leveraging the extraordinary confinement and focusing capabilities of SP fields, the localized light intensity is substantially enhanced, thereby enhancing the efficiency of light-matter interactions. More importantly, by employing orthogonal slit antenna pairs as coherent surface wavelet sources and a three-stage coherent superposition mechanism, two sets of focused surface waves construct an interferometric field with precisely tunable optical path differences. Ultrasensitive detection is realized through the analysis of focal interference spectra. Experimental validation based on the hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase demonstrates that the sensing platform attains a detection limit (LOD) as low as 3.125 μg/mL. Furthermore, by fusing 2D surface spectral data with machine-learning algorithms, accurate prediction of enzyme concentrations in the range of 3.125–50 μg/mL is successfully achieved. This work establishes an on-chip precision interferometric sensing technique integrating photonic integration technology and data fusion, representing a breakthrough advancement in the on-chip integration level, detection accuracy, and operational robustness of terahertz sensing systems.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1177/15311074261417883
Connor J Ballard, Louisa J Preston, Lewis R Dartnell, Eva Mateo-Marti, Catherine Regan, Andrew Coates
The alteration of martian deposits under extreme surface conditions remains a key challenge for their mineral-organic interpretation and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. This study investigates the spectral detection and alteration of mineral-organic signatures in Lake Salda hydromagnesite microbialites under martian sublimation and radiation (UV) conditions. Samples were analyzed using visible near-infrared and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, then sublimated via lyophilization and exposed to UV radiation in the Planetary Atmospheres and Surfaces Simulation Chamber. Sublimation reduced the intensity of water and carbonate vibrations and enhanced CH2 ν3 and PO2- ν3 organic features; this demonstrated that interstitial water sublimation may reduce O-H spectral noise, improve organic visibility, and reveal volatile sublimation patterns for future Mars rovers, such as Rosalind Franklin. In a three-sol (74 h) simulation of martian UV radiation (200-400 nm) under 7 mbar of CO2, FTIR spectral intensity was reduced, and organic CH2 ν3 and PO2- features were significantly degraded. These findings reveal spectral alterations under martian surface conditions and highlight organic biosignature vulnerability at equatorial latitudes, informing preservation protocols for future missions.
{"title":"Biosignature Detection and Preservation in Lake Salda Microbialites Under Simulated Martian Conditions.","authors":"Connor J Ballard, Louisa J Preston, Lewis R Dartnell, Eva Mateo-Marti, Catherine Regan, Andrew Coates","doi":"10.1177/15311074261417883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15311074261417883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The alteration of martian deposits under extreme surface conditions remains a key challenge for their mineral-organic interpretation and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. This study investigates the spectral detection and alteration of mineral-organic signatures in Lake Salda hydromagnesite microbialites under martian sublimation and radiation (UV) conditions. Samples were analyzed using visible near-infrared and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, then sublimated via lyophilization and exposed to UV radiation in the Planetary Atmospheres and Surfaces Simulation Chamber. Sublimation reduced the intensity of water and carbonate vibrations and enhanced CH<sub>2</sub> ν<sub>3</sub> and PO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> ν<sub>3</sub> organic features; this demonstrated that interstitial water sublimation may reduce O-H spectral noise, improve organic visibility, and reveal volatile sublimation patterns for future Mars rovers, such as Rosalind Franklin. In a three-sol (74 h) simulation of martian UV radiation (200-400 nm) under 7 mbar of CO<sub>2</sub>, FTIR spectral intensity was reduced, and organic CH<sub>2</sub> ν<sub>3</sub> and PO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> features were significantly degraded. These findings reveal spectral alterations under martian surface conditions and highlight organic biosignature vulnerability at equatorial latitudes, informing preservation protocols for future missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"15311074261417883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140267
Mulyanto Mulyanto, Emir Syahreza Fadhilla, Ardian Nata Atmaja
We consider a most general SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs model consist of terms up to quadratic in first-derivative of the fields, that is the generalized SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs with additional scalars-dependent coupling θ-term. Using the BPS Lagrangian method we try to find Bogomolnyi’s equations for BPS monopoles and dyons by taking most general BPS Lagrangian density. We obtain more general Bogomolnyi’s equations and a relation between all scalars dependent couplings. From these equations we can see there is a family of BPS monopole solutions parameterized by a real constant γ, while for BPS dyons there is an additional parameter which is the coupling of θ-term. Interestingly even for a single BPS dyon we find the value of θ-term’s coupling only gives additional contribution to electric charge of BPS Dyons, which is in accordance with Witten’s result in Phys.Lett. B 86 (1979), and thus can determine whether we get BPS monopoles or BPS dyons. In the presence of the coupling of θ-term, it is now possible to obtain Julia-Zee BPS dyons where all scalar-dependent couplings are non-constants, which is the extension to the BPS Julia-Zee dyons proposed in Eur.Phys.J. C 82, 602 (2022).
{"title":"On BPS Equations of Generalized SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs Model with Scalars-Dependent Coupling θ-term","authors":"Mulyanto Mulyanto, Emir Syahreza Fadhilla, Ardian Nata Atmaja","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140267","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a most general <ce:italic>SU</ce:italic>(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs model consist of terms up to quadratic in first-derivative of the fields, that is the generalized <ce:italic>SU</ce:italic>(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs with additional scalars-dependent coupling <ce:italic>θ</ce:italic>-term. Using the BPS Lagrangian method we try to find Bogomolnyi’s equations for BPS monopoles and dyons by taking most general BPS Lagrangian density. We obtain more general Bogomolnyi’s equations and a relation between all scalars dependent couplings. From these equations we can see there is a family of BPS monopole solutions parameterized by a real constant <ce:italic>γ</ce:italic>, while for BPS dyons there is an additional parameter which is the coupling of <ce:italic>θ</ce:italic>-term. Interestingly even for a single BPS dyon we find the value of <ce:italic>θ</ce:italic>-term’s coupling only gives additional contribution to electric charge of BPS Dyons, which is in accordance with Witten’s result in Phys.Lett. B 86 (1979), and thus can determine whether we get BPS monopoles or BPS dyons. In the presence of the coupling of <ce:italic>θ</ce:italic>-term, it is now possible to obtain Julia-Zee BPS dyons where all scalar-dependent couplings are non-constants, which is the extension to the BPS Julia-Zee dyons proposed in Eur.Phys.J. C 82, 602 (2022).","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140263
J. Yu. Panteleeva, E. Epelbaum, J. Gegelia, U.-G Meißner
We work out the spatial density distributions corresponding to the axial-vector charge density operator for spin-1/2 systems using states described by sharply localized wave packets. The static approximation, leading to the frequently assumed Breit-frame distributions, is also considered. We discuss the interpretation of the resulting spatial densities in terms of the axial charge density.
{"title":"On the definition of the nucleon axial charge density","authors":"J. Yu. Panteleeva, E. Epelbaum, J. Gegelia, U.-G Meißner","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140263","url":null,"abstract":"We work out the spatial density distributions corresponding to the axial-vector charge density operator for spin-1/2 systems using states described by sharply localized wave packets. The static approximation, leading to the frequently assumed Breit-frame distributions, is also considered. We discuss the interpretation of the resulting spatial densities in terms of the axial charge density.","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02402
Yiang Sun,Yuxing Li,Zhengda Dong,Hao Ge,Zhongmin Huang,Chuanxiang Sheng,Haibin Zhao,Jie Gu,Jun Wang
Monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a promising candidate for exploring exciton and trion physics thanks to its strong light-matter interactions and large exciton binding energy at room temperature (RT). Trions, in particular, offer intriguing prospects for optoelectronic and valleytronic applications. However, trion stability at RT and a low excitation density are limited by the inherently low free-electron concentration in monolayer WS2. Here we demonstrate a robust approach to enhance trion emission by constructing a type-II heterostructure between monolayer WS2 and the CsPbBr3 perovskite. Through band engineering, we achieve efficient n-doping of WS2 by electron transfer from CsPbBr3, facilitating a pronounced enhancement of trion emission at RT. Under low-power excitation, trions dominate the photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Time-resolved PL measurements reveal distinct lifetimes of excitons and trions in WS2, perovskites, and heterostructures, confirming the charge-transfer dynamics. Helicity-resolved PL spectra show that trions preserve valley polarization in heterostructures. By integrating this heterostructure into an optical microcavity, we further amplify trion emission via the Purcell effect. Our findings present a viable strategy for achieving stable RT trion emission, advancing the development of transition metal dichalcogenide-perovskite hybrid systems for optoelectronic applications.
{"title":"Room-Temperature Trion Emission Enhancement in Monolayer WS2/CsPbBr3 Perovskite Heterostructures","authors":"Yiang Sun,Yuxing Li,Zhengda Dong,Hao Ge,Zhongmin Huang,Chuanxiang Sheng,Haibin Zhao,Jie Gu,Jun Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02402","url":null,"abstract":"Monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a promising candidate for exploring exciton and trion physics thanks to its strong light-matter interactions and large exciton binding energy at room temperature (RT). Trions, in particular, offer intriguing prospects for optoelectronic and valleytronic applications. However, trion stability at RT and a low excitation density are limited by the inherently low free-electron concentration in monolayer WS2. Here we demonstrate a robust approach to enhance trion emission by constructing a type-II heterostructure between monolayer WS2 and the CsPbBr3 perovskite. Through band engineering, we achieve efficient n-doping of WS2 by electron transfer from CsPbBr3, facilitating a pronounced enhancement of trion emission at RT. Under low-power excitation, trions dominate the photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Time-resolved PL measurements reveal distinct lifetimes of excitons and trions in WS2, perovskites, and heterostructures, confirming the charge-transfer dynamics. Helicity-resolved PL spectra show that trions preserve valley polarization in heterostructures. By integrating this heterostructure into an optical microcavity, we further amplify trion emission via the Purcell effect. Our findings present a viable strategy for achieving stable RT trion emission, advancing the development of transition metal dichalcogenide-perovskite hybrid systems for optoelectronic applications.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140268
Alejandro Ibarra, Aadarsh Singh, Sudhir K Vempati
We explore the possibility that the underlying flavour structure of the Standard Model could be determined by mass chains on a fractal geometry. We consider, as an example, the theory space on a Sierpinski-like geometry. The fermion mass chains on a Sierpinski-like geometry with three decorations (iterations) lead to three zero modes, which can be identified with the three generations of the Standard Model. This framework also reproduces the measured charged and neutral lepton masses and mixing angles with very few parameters. We also briefly discuss the possible extension to the quark sector.
{"title":"Flavour from Fractal Mass Chains","authors":"Alejandro Ibarra, Aadarsh Singh, Sudhir K Vempati","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140268","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the possibility that the underlying flavour structure of the Standard Model could be determined by mass chains on a fractal geometry. We consider, as an example, the theory space on a Sierpinski-like geometry. The fermion mass chains on a Sierpinski-like geometry with three decorations (iterations) lead to three zero modes, which can be identified with the three generations of the Standard Model. This framework also reproduces the measured charged and neutral lepton masses and mixing angles with very few parameters. We also briefly discuss the possible extension to the quark sector.","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi-Jun Qin, Zhao-Hua Xu, Hui Zheng, Ya-Qi Song, Hang Ren, Wen-Ya Wang, Hong Chen, Jia-Jun Liang, Xiao-Liang Ge, Guan-Long Huang, Su Xu
Manipulating circular-, elliptical-, and linear- polarization states of radiation and enhancing the matching efficiency between radiators and receivers/detectors, emerges as a cornerstone technology for achieving high-quality wireless communications and radar detections. However, reconfiguring these polarization states freely in the chip is still an open challenge over the sub-terahertz (sub-THz) band. Here, we achieve broadband sub-THz polarization-reconfigurable on-chip radiation based on a spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) platform. By modulating the asymmetric near-field coupling between the SSPP waveguide and scatter arrays, continuous adjustment of the axial ratio is observed numerically from 1 to 40 dB, enabling the flexible switching among all three classes of polarization states. The experiment also demonstrates this powerful dynamic polarization switching functionality. Our work broadens on-chip dynamic manipulation of sub-THz and THz waves and may also open an avenue to secure communication, satellite networks, and local data-center interconnects.
{"title":"Sub-Terahertz Broadband Polarization-Reconfigurable Radiation Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons","authors":"Zhi-Jun Qin, Zhao-Hua Xu, Hui Zheng, Ya-Qi Song, Hang Ren, Wen-Ya Wang, Hong Chen, Jia-Jun Liang, Xiao-Liang Ge, Guan-Long Huang, Su Xu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502111","url":null,"abstract":"Manipulating circular-, elliptical-, and linear- polarization states of radiation and enhancing the matching efficiency between radiators and receivers/detectors, emerges as a cornerstone technology for achieving high-quality wireless communications and radar detections. However, reconfiguring these polarization states freely in the chip is still an open challenge over the sub-terahertz (sub-THz) band. Here, we achieve broadband sub-THz polarization-reconfigurable on-chip radiation based on a spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) platform. By modulating the asymmetric near-field coupling between the SSPP waveguide and scatter arrays, continuous adjustment of the axial ratio is observed numerically from 1 to 40 dB, enabling the flexible switching among all three classes of polarization states. The experiment also demonstrates this powerful dynamic polarization switching functionality. Our work broadens on-chip dynamic manipulation of sub-THz and THz waves and may also open an avenue to secure communication, satellite networks, and local data-center interconnects.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.22331/q-2026-02-09-1999
Yiyuan Chen, Jonas Helsen, Maris Ozols
The Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model is a prominent model of strongly interacting fermions that serves as a toy model of quantum gravity and black hole physics. In this work, we study the Trotter error and gate complexity of the quantum simulation of the SYK model using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. Building on recent results by Chen and Brandão [6] — in particular their uniform smoothing technique for random matrix polynomials — we derive bounds on the first- and higher-order Trotter error of the SYK model, and subsequently find near-optimal gate complexities for simulating these models using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. For the $k$-local SYK model on $n$ Majorana fermions, at time $t$, our gate complexity estimates for the first-order Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formula scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{5}{2}}t^2)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+3}t^2)$ for odd $k$, and the gate complexity of simulations using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{1}{2}}t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+1}t)$ for odd $k$. Given that the SYK model has $Theta(n^k)$ terms, these estimates are close to optimal. These gate complexities can be further improved upon in the context of simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$, leading to a $mathcal{O}(n^2)$-reduction in gate complexity for first-order formulas and $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction for higher-order formulas.
We also apply our techniques to the sparse SYK model, which is a simplified variant of the SYK model obtained by deleting all but a $Theta(n)$ fraction of the terms in a uniformly i.i.d. manner. We find the average (over the random term removal) gate complexity for simulating this model using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{1+frac{1}{2}} t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{2} t)$ for odd $k$. Similar to the full SYK model, we obtain a $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$.
Our results highlight the potential of Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas for efficiently simulating the SYK and sparse SYK models, and our analytical methods can be naturally extended to other Gaussian random Hamiltonians.
{"title":"Trotter error and gate complexity of the SYK and sparse SYK models","authors":"Yiyuan Chen, Jonas Helsen, Maris Ozols","doi":"10.22331/q-2026-02-09-1999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2026-02-09-1999","url":null,"abstract":"The Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model is a prominent model of strongly interacting fermions that serves as a toy model of quantum gravity and black hole physics. In this work, we study the Trotter error and gate complexity of the quantum simulation of the SYK model using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. Building on recent results by Chen and Brandão [6] — in particular their uniform smoothing technique for random matrix polynomials — we derive bounds on the first- and higher-order Trotter error of the SYK model, and subsequently find near-optimal gate complexities for simulating these models using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. For the $k$-local SYK model on $n$ Majorana fermions, at time $t$, our gate complexity estimates for the first-order Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formula scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{5}{2}}t^2)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+3}t^2)$ for odd $k$, and the gate complexity of simulations using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{1}{2}}t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+1}t)$ for odd $k$. Given that the SYK model has $Theta(n^k)$ terms, these estimates are close to optimal. These gate complexities can be further improved upon in the context of simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$, leading to a $mathcal{O}(n^2)$-reduction in gate complexity for first-order formulas and $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction for higher-order formulas.<br/>\u0000<br/> We also apply our techniques to the sparse SYK model, which is a simplified variant of the SYK model obtained by deleting all but a $Theta(n)$ fraction of the terms in a uniformly i.i.d. manner. We find the average (over the random term removal) gate complexity for simulating this model using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{1+frac{1}{2}} t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{2} t)$ for odd $k$. Similar to the full SYK model, we obtain a $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$.<br/>\u0000<br/> Our results highlight the potential of Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas for efficiently simulating the SYK and sparse SYK models, and our analytical methods can be naturally extended to other Gaussian random Hamiltonians.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02076
Rafael S. Dutra,Felipe A. Pinheiro,Diney S. Ether Jr.,Cyriaque Genet,Nathan B. Viana,Paulo A. Maia Neto
We demonstrate that an effect phenomenologically analogous to circular dichroism can arise even for dielectric and isotropic chiral spherical particles. By analyzing the polarimetry of light scattered from a chiral, lossless microsphere illuminated with linearly polarized light, we show that the scattered light becomes nearly circularly polarized, exhibiting large nonresonant values of the Stokes parameter S3 for a broad range of visible frequencies. This phenomenon occurs only in the Mie regime, with the microsphere radius comparable to the wavelength, and provided that the scattered light is collected by a high-NA objective lens, including nonparaxial Fourier components. Altogether, our findings offer a theoretical framework and motivation for an experimental demonstration of a novel chiroptical effect with isolated dielectric particles, with potential applications in enantioselection and characterization of single microparticles, each and every one with its own chiral response.
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