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Gravitational wave production during reheating: From the inflaton to primordial black holes
IF 5 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.111.035020
Mathieu Gross, Yann Mambrini, Essodjolo Kpatcha, Maria Olalla Olea-Romacho, Rishav Roshan
We calculate the gravitational waves (GWs) produced by primordial black holes (PBHs) in the presence of the inflaton condensate in the early Universe. Combining the GW production from the evaporation process, the gravitational scattering of the inflaton itself, and the density fluctuations due to the inhomogeneous distribution of PBHs, we propose for the first time a complete coherent analysis of the spectrum, revealing three peaks, one for each source. Three frequency ranges (∼kHz, GHz, and PHz, respectively) are expected, each giving rise to a similar GW peak amplitude ΩGW. We also compare our predictions with current and future GWs detection experiments. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
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引用次数: 0
Cross sections and inelasticity distributions of high-energy neutrino deep inelastic scattering
IF 5 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.111.043044
Philip L. R. Weigel, Janet M. Conrad, Alfonso Garcia-Soto
This study presents a comprehensive model for neutrino deep inelastic scattering (DIS) cross sections spanning energies from 50 to 5×1012GeV with an emphasis on applications to neutrino telescopes. We provide calculations of the total charged-current DIS cross sections and inelasticity distributions up to next-to-next-to-leading order for isoscalar nucleon targets and up to next-to-leading order for nuclear targets. Several modifications to the structure functions are applied to improve the modeling of the cross sections at low energies where perturbative QCD is less accurate and at energies above 104 GeV where there is non-negligible top quark production and small-x logarithms need to be resummed. Using the Fixed-order next-to-leading logarithm (FONLL) general-mass variable-flavor number scheme, we account for heavy quark mass effects and separate the heavy flavor components of the structure functions, obtaining predictions of their relative contributions to the cross sections and the uncertainties arising from the parton distribution functions. Additionally, the effects of final state radiation are implemented in the calculation of the double-differential cross section and discussed in terms of their impact on measurements at neutrino telescopes. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
{"title":"Cross sections and inelasticity distributions of high-energy neutrino deep inelastic scattering","authors":"Philip L. R. Weigel, Janet M. Conrad, Alfonso Garcia-Soto","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.043044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.043044","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a comprehensive model for neutrino deep inelastic scattering (DIS) cross sections spanning energies from 50 to 5</a:mn>×</a:mo>10</a:mn></a:mrow>12</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup></a:mtext></a:mtext>GeV</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> with an emphasis on applications to neutrino telescopes. We provide calculations of the total charged-current DIS cross sections and inelasticity distributions up to next-to-next-to-leading order for isoscalar nucleon targets and up to next-to-leading order for nuclear targets. Several modifications to the structure functions are applied to improve the modeling of the cross sections at low energies where perturbative QCD is less accurate and at energies above <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:msup><c:mn>10</c:mn><c:mn>4</c:mn></c:msup><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mi>GeV</c:mi></c:math> where there is non-negligible top quark production and small-<e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>x</e:mi></e:math> logarithms need to be resummed. Using the Fixed-order next-to-leading logarithm (FONLL) general-mass variable-flavor number scheme, we account for heavy quark mass effects and separate the heavy flavor components of the structure functions, obtaining predictions of their relative contributions to the cross sections and the uncertainties arising from the parton distribution functions. Additionally, the effects of final state radiation are implemented in the calculation of the double-differential cross section and discussed in terms of their impact on measurements at neutrino telescopes. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plasmon-polariton modes on a single electron wave packet
IF 5 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.111.036028
I. M. Akimov, P. O. Kazinski, A. A. Sokolov
The explicit expression for the photon polarization operator in the presence of a single electron is found in the in−in formalism in the one-loop approximation out of the photon mass shell. This polarization operator describes the dielectric permittivity of a single electron wave packet in coherent scattering processes. The plasmons and plasmon-polaritons supported by a single electron wave packet are described. The two limiting cases are considered: the wavelength of the external electromagnetic field is much smaller than the typical scale of variations of the electron wave packet and the wavelength of the external electromagnetic field is much larger than the size of the electron wave packet. In the former case, there are eight independent plasmon-polariton modes. In the latter case, the plasmons boil down to the dynamical dipole moment attached to a point electron. Thus, in the infrared limit, the electron possesses a dynamical electric dipole moment manifesting itself in coherent scattering processes. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
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引用次数: 0
Holographic homogeneous superfluid on the sphere
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP02(2025)144
Meng Gao, Zhuan Ning, Yu Tian, Hongbao Zhang

In this paper, we extend the study of holographic superfluids from planar topology to spherical topology, inspired by recent studies on Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) on shell-shaped geometry. We investigated the superfluid phase transition from normal fluid and its Quasi-Normal Modes (QNMs) on the sphere. It turns out that the critical temperature for the superfluid phase transition on the sphere is higher than that in the planar case. We investigated four different solutions in the backgrounds of large and small black holes. The calculation of free energy selects the most stable solution. Finally, after calculating the quasi-normal modes and their dynamic behavior, we obtained three different channels similar to the planar superfluid case, along with the “first” hydrodynamic excitation mode.

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引用次数: 0
Fabrication of large-mode area multi-core mid-infrared photonic crystal fiber with bending resistance
IF 4.6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112648
Yan Wu , Kerong Duan , Qiangqiang Wang , Xiaodong Chen , Yongnian Guan , Kelun Xia , Shixun Dai , Xiang Shen , Xunsi Wang , Zijun Liu
Chalcogenide fibers exhibit excellent transmission capabilities in the infrared spectrum. However, the relatively low damage threshold limits the use of these fibers in high-power applications. One promising solution to this issue is to reduce the power density transmitted through the fiber. In this study, developed chalcogenide three-core photonic crystal fibers with a simple structure to effectively address the trade-off between achieving a large mode field and maintaining excellent beam quality. At the same time, simplified fibers also exhibit excellent resistance to bending. Calculations have revealed that within the wavelength range of 2 to 8 μm, the fiber exhibits the mode area exceeding 3500 μm2. Experimental verification confirmed that the fiber exhibited the lowest loss at a wavelength of 2.65 μm, with a value of 1.28 dB/m. The transmission efficiency of the fiber (length of 1 m) at a wavelength of 1.55 μm is approximately 44 %. At a bending radius of 4 cm, the bending loss was measured at 0.55 dB. Furthermore, without any coating applied, the fiber’s minimum bending radius can reach as small as 2.5 cm.
{"title":"Fabrication of large-mode area multi-core mid-infrared photonic crystal fiber with bending resistance","authors":"Yan Wu ,&nbsp;Kerong Duan ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Chen ,&nbsp;Yongnian Guan ,&nbsp;Kelun Xia ,&nbsp;Shixun Dai ,&nbsp;Xiang Shen ,&nbsp;Xunsi Wang ,&nbsp;Zijun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chalcogenide fibers exhibit excellent transmission capabilities in the infrared spectrum. However, the relatively low damage threshold limits the use of these fibers in high-power applications. One promising solution to this issue is to reduce the power density transmitted through the fiber. In this study, developed chalcogenide three-core photonic crystal fibers with a simple structure to effectively address the trade-off between achieving a large mode field and maintaining excellent beam quality. At the same time, simplified fibers also exhibit excellent resistance to bending. Calculations have revealed that within the wavelength range of 2 to 8 μm, the fiber exhibits the mode area exceeding 3500 μm<sup>2</sup>. Experimental verification confirmed that the fiber exhibited the lowest loss at a wavelength of 2.65 μm, with a value of 1.28 dB/m. The transmission efficiency of the fiber (length of 1 m) at a wavelength of 1.55 μm is approximately 44 %. At a bending radius of 4 cm, the bending loss was measured at 0.55 dB. Furthermore, without any coating applied, the fiber’s minimum bending radius can reach as small as 2.5 cm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 112648"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Features of the Nonlinear Vibrational Response of Dielectric Media at Two-Wave Mixing
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1134/S0021364024604305
M. S. Guselnikov

A relation between the vibrational nonlinear refractive index coefficient ({{n}_{2}}(omega )) and the vibrational cubic susceptibility ({{chi }^{{(3)}}}(omega ';omega ',omega , - omega )) has been analytically derived involving well-known optical, spectral, and thermal matter parameters. This relation allows one to estimate the nonlinear phase shift of low-power probe radiation at the frequency (omega '), which propagates in the field of a high-power terahertz pump wave at the frequency (omega ). Theoretical estimates of the nonlinear susceptibility ({{chi }^{{(3)}}}(omega ';omega ',omega , - omega )) for water and fused silica for terahertz Kerr effect measurements have been obtained in good agreement with experimental data.

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引用次数: 0
High-sensitivity graphene-gold metasurface optical biosensor for early melanoma detection optimized with machine learning using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network and binary encoding
IF 2.9 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.physe.2025.116214
Jacob Wekalao , Ahmed Mehaney , Nassir Saad Alarifi , Mostafa R. Abukhadra , Hussein A. Elsayed
This research presents an advanced terahertz metasurface sensor incorporating graphene and gold elements in a W-shaped resonator configuration for non-invasive melanoma detection. The sensor design, optimized through COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, operates by detecting minute variations in the refractive index of skin tissue that occur during early melanoma development. The optimized sensor achieves a sensitivity of 450 GHzRIU−1 with a narrow spectral linewidth of 35 GHz in the terahertz regime. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) algorithm enhances the sensor's predictive capabilities, achieving R2 values exceeding 0.95 across various operational parameters. The sensor demonstrates dual functionality through binary information encoding capability via chemical potential modulation. The proposed design shows significant advantages over conventional diagnostic methods, offering rapid, non-invasive detection with high accuracy. Moreover, our numerical findings reveals that the designed sensor provides some robustness performance against various geometric parameters and incident angles, which in turns make it promising for practical melanoma diagnosis applications.
{"title":"High-sensitivity graphene-gold metasurface optical biosensor for early melanoma detection optimized with machine learning using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network and binary encoding","authors":"Jacob Wekalao ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mehaney ,&nbsp;Nassir Saad Alarifi ,&nbsp;Mostafa R. Abukhadra ,&nbsp;Hussein A. Elsayed","doi":"10.1016/j.physe.2025.116214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physe.2025.116214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents an advanced terahertz metasurface sensor incorporating graphene and gold elements in a W-shaped resonator configuration for non-invasive melanoma detection. The sensor design, optimized through COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, operates by detecting minute variations in the refractive index of skin tissue that occur during early melanoma development. The optimized sensor achieves a sensitivity of 450 GHzRIU<sup>−1</sup> with a narrow spectral linewidth of 35 GHz in the terahertz regime. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) algorithm enhances the sensor's predictive capabilities, achieving R<sup>2</sup> values exceeding 0.95 across various operational parameters. The sensor demonstrates dual functionality through binary information encoding capability via chemical potential modulation. The proposed design shows significant advantages over conventional diagnostic methods, offering rapid, non-invasive detection with high accuracy. Moreover, our numerical findings reveals that the designed sensor provides some robustness performance against various geometric parameters and incident angles, which in turns make it promising for practical melanoma diagnosis applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20181,"journal":{"name":"Physica E-low-dimensional Systems & Nanostructures","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 116214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vibroacoustic optimization of electric motors taking advantages of viscoelastic resins
IF 3.4 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110600
Émeline Sadoulet-Reboul , Kévin Jaboviste , Morvan Ouisse , Adrien Parpinel , Pascal Bouvet , Fabien Maugan , Christophe Espanet
Electric drivelines are the source of tonal noise which can be particularly unpleasant in many industrial settings, and in particular in vehicles. Different approaches are investigated to minimize this phenomenon, based on the control of the electromagnetic source for example, or on the optimization of the structural design. This paper introduces a framework allowing time-efficient reduction of noise radiation without affecting electromagnetic performance of electric motors, based on the combination of reduced order model and optimization of viscoelastic properties of potting resins. Although viscoelastic resins are frequently used in electric motors, they are primarily used for insulation, protection, and mechanical stability. The originality of this work is to endow them with a new functionality by dimensioning them in such a way as to reduce acoustic radiation. Indeed, the elastodynamic properties of resins depend on the frequency and on the temperature, and can be optimized to reduce the vibrations and thus the radiated noise. The design is complex because it involves coupled multiphysical phenomena that cannot be considered separately, and because the numerical models considered are large-scale models. A methodology is proposed in this paper and applied to the case of a high-speed electric motor. To guarantee fast and accurate estimation of the acoustic power in the optimization process, a reduced order model of the engine is developed from a multi-model basis taking into account the thermal and frequency dependencies of the materials. The numerical optimization thus carried out allows to identify the optimal resin properties, and a motor is coated to experimentally validate the results. Experimental characterization thus confirms that the radiated noise can be considerably reduced by using a suitable resin. This work opens the way to a new design strategy for electric motors providing resin coating with an acoustic function.
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引用次数: 0
Late-time asymptotic solutions, attractor, and focusing behavior of spin hydrodynamics
IF 5 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.111.034033
Dong-Lin Wang, Li Yan, Shi Pu
We have investigated the late-time asymptotic solutions, attractor, and focusing behavior of minimal causal spin hydrodynamics in Bjorken expansion. Using the method of dominant balance, we derive the late-time asymptotic solutions of the evolution equation for spin density and identify the specific conditions necessary for the spin density to exhibit a power-law decay. We then analyze both the late-time and early time attractors for the decay rate of spin density. Additionally, we report the focusing behavior in spin hydrodynamics, which has not been found in conventional relativistic hydrodynamics in Bjorken expansion. Our findings suggest that spin density can be treated as a conventional hydrodynamic variable at late times under certain conditions. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
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引用次数: 0
Imaging through dynamic scattering media via deep unpaired data-driven single pixel detection
IF 4.6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112634
Lizhen Qin, Fu Liu, Zhiwei Lin, Zongyue Li, Yongkai Yin, Xiulun Yang, Xiangfeng Meng
Imaging through dynamic scattering medium is of great significance yet challenging topic in many fields. Computational single pixel imaging is capable of encoding object’s information into a sequence of intensity values by modulation and only a single-pixel detector is required to collect the relative distribution of intensity values. However, due to the perturbation of scattering media of dynamic scenes, the actual collected intensity values will deviate from the ideal intensity values, resulting in poor reconstructed quality. In this work, we present a new method for high clarity imaging through dynamic scattering scene based on single pixel detection and unpaired data-driven deep learning. Preliminary images are recovered firstly using measurement data. Then a cycle generative adversarial network trained on unpaired datasets is employed to improve the quality of the initial recovered images. Simulations and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and shows good reconstructed quality at low sampling rate.
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