Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.134.070201
P. Drmota, D. Main, E. M. Ainley, A. Agrawal, G. Araneda, D. P. Nadlinger, B. C. Nichol, R. Srinivas, A. Cabello, D. M. Lucas
We report the first experimental demonstration of the odd-cycle game. We entangle two atoms separated by ∼2m, and the players use them to win the odd-cycle game with a probability ∼26σ above that allowed by the best classical strategy. The experiment implements the optimal quantum strategy, is free of loopholes, and achieves 97.8(3)% of the theoretical limit to the quantum winning probability. We perform the associated Bell test and measure a nonlocal content of 0.54(2)—the largest value for physically separate devices, free of the detection loophole, ever observed. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Experimental Quantum Advantage in the Odd-Cycle Game","authors":"P. Drmota, D. Main, E. M. Ainley, A. Agrawal, G. Araneda, D. P. Nadlinger, B. C. Nichol, R. Srinivas, A. Cabello, D. M. Lucas","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.070201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.070201","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first experimental demonstration of the odd-cycle game. We entangle two atoms separated by ∼</a:mo>2</a:mn></a:mtext></a:mtext>m</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math>, and the players use them to win the odd-cycle game with a probability <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:mo>∼</d:mo><d:mn>26</d:mn><d:mi>σ</d:mi></d:math> above that allowed by the best classical strategy. The experiment implements the optimal quantum strategy, is free of loopholes, and achieves 97.8(3)% of the theoretical limit to the quantum winning probability. We perform the associated Bell test and measure a nonlocal content of 0.54(2)—the largest value for physically separate devices, free of the detection loophole, ever observed. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.111.045024
Leszek Hadasz, Rikard von Unge
We give a tentative definition of the recently introduced root-TT¯ operator in a generic, two-dimensional quantum conformal field theory with a continuous spectrum of scaling weights. The definition assumes certain factorization properties and uses Schwinger parametrization to introduce the square root. Properties of the operator thus defined are investigated by explicit computation of variations of two- and three-point correlation functions. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Defining the root- TT¯ operator","authors":"Leszek Hadasz, Rikard von Unge","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.045024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.045024","url":null,"abstract":"We give a tentative definition of the recently introduced root-T</a:mi>T</a:mi>¯</a:mo></a:mover></a:math> operator in a generic, two-dimensional quantum conformal field theory with a continuous spectrum of scaling weights. The definition assumes certain factorization properties and uses Schwinger parametrization to introduce the square root. Properties of the operator thus defined are investigated by explicit computation of variations of two- and three-point correlation functions. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.111.045022
Anatoly A. Svidzinsky, Marlan O. Scully, William Unruh
Minkowski vacuum is empty from the perspective of Unruh-Minkowski photons, however, in the Rindler picture, it is filled with entangled pairs of Rindler photons. A ground-state atom uniformly accelerated through Minkowski vacuum can become excited by absorbing a Rindler photon (Unruh effect) or, in the alternative description, by emitting an Unruh-Minkowski photon (Unruh-Wald effect). We find an exact solution for the quantum evolution of a long chain of harmonic oscillators accelerated through Minkowski vacuum and for two chains accelerated in the opposite directions. We show how entanglement of Rindler photons present in Minkowski vacuum is transferred to the oscillators moving in causally disconnected regions. We also show that in the Unruh-Minkowski photon picture the process can be interpreted as if initial correlations between collective oscillator modes are transferred to the generated Unruh-Minkowski photons. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Minkowski vacuum entanglement and accelerated oscillator chains","authors":"Anatoly A. Svidzinsky, Marlan O. Scully, William Unruh","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.045022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.045022","url":null,"abstract":"Minkowski vacuum is empty from the perspective of Unruh-Minkowski photons, however, in the Rindler picture, it is filled with entangled pairs of Rindler photons. A ground-state atom uniformly accelerated through Minkowski vacuum can become excited by absorbing a Rindler photon (Unruh effect) or, in the alternative description, by emitting an Unruh-Minkowski photon (Unruh-Wald effect). We find an exact solution for the quantum evolution of a long chain of harmonic oscillators accelerated through Minkowski vacuum and for two chains accelerated in the opposite directions. We show how entanglement of Rindler photons present in Minkowski vacuum is transferred to the oscillators moving in causally disconnected regions. We also show that in the Unruh-Minkowski photon picture the process can be interpreted as if initial correlations between collective oscillator modes are transferred to the generated Unruh-Minkowski photons. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Buccio, John F. Donoghue, Gabriel Menezes, Roberto Percacci
We calculate the scattering amplitude in the two dimensional CP (1) model in a regularization scheme independent way. When using cutoff regularization, a new Feynman rule from the path integral measure is required if one is to preserve the symmetry. The physical running of the coupling with renormalization scale arises from a UV finite Feynman integral in all schemes. We reproduce the usual result with asymptotic freedom, but the pathway to obtaining the beta function can be different in different schemes. The results can be extended to the O(N) model, for all N. We also comment on the way that this model evades the classic argument by Landau against asymptotic freedom in non-gauge theories.
{"title":"Renormalization and running in the 2D CP (1) model","authors":"Diego Buccio, John F. Donoghue, Gabriel Menezes, Roberto Percacci","doi":"10.1007/JHEP02(2025)146","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP02(2025)146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We calculate the scattering amplitude in the two dimensional <i>CP</i> (1) model in a regularization scheme independent way. When using cutoff regularization, a new Feynman rule from the path integral measure is required if one is to preserve the symmetry. The physical running of the coupling with renormalization scale arises from a UV finite Feynman integral in all schemes. We reproduce the usual result with asymptotic freedom, but the pathway to obtaining the beta function can be different in different schemes. The results can be extended to the <i>O</i>(<i>N</i>) model, for all <i>N</i>. We also comment on the way that this model evades the classic argument by Landau against asymptotic freedom in non-gauge theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2025 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP02(2025)146.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112617
Jun Ren , Shuo Shan , Mei Zhou , Yang Zhang , Heng-Yong Nie , Yu Liu
The formation of porous structures in femtosecond laser processing of polymers, which governs their surface/interface properties, presents challenges for accurate evaluation due to complex topological features. In this study, a bidirectional transfer learning (TL) approach is developed to both enhance the evaluation and optimize the formation of the femtosecond laser-induced porous structures (fs-LIPS). TL models are trained based on three different residual network (ResNet) architectures, and the deepest one, ResNet101, achieves the highest classification accuracy of 95.5%. The gradient-weighted class activation mapping (GradCAM) visualizations reveal that accurate feature capture drives the model’s success. A random forest (RF)-based decision boundary between laser parameters and fs-LIPS types was also established with an accuracy of 98.2%, providing guidelines for tailored manufacturing. Additional experiments on external datasets also achieved a classification accuracy of 94.5%, demonstrating the approach’s adaptability and robustness.
{"title":"Bidirectional transfer learning-based evaluation method for controlling femtosecond laser-induced porous structures of polymers","authors":"Jun Ren , Shuo Shan , Mei Zhou , Yang Zhang , Heng-Yong Nie , Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of porous structures in femtosecond laser processing of polymers, which governs their surface/interface properties, presents challenges for accurate evaluation due to complex topological features. In this study, a bidirectional transfer learning (TL) approach is developed to both enhance the evaluation and optimize the formation of the femtosecond laser-induced porous structures (fs-LIPS). TL models are trained based on three different residual network (ResNet) architectures, and the deepest one, ResNet101, achieves the highest classification accuracy of 95.5%. The gradient-weighted class activation mapping (GradCAM) visualizations reveal that accurate feature capture drives the model’s success. A random forest (RF)-based decision boundary between laser parameters and fs-LIPS types was also established with an accuracy of 98.2%, providing guidelines for tailored manufacturing. Additional experiments on external datasets also achieved a classification accuracy of 94.5%, demonstrating the approach’s adaptability and robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 112617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/adb536
Wolfgang Wieland
Recently, we introduced a non-perturbative quantization of impulsive gravitational null initial data. In this note, we investigate an immediate physical implication of the model. One of the quantum numbers is the total luminosity carried to infinity. We show that a transition happens when the luminosity reaches the Planck power . Below , the spectrum of the radiated power is discrete. Above the Planck power, the spectrum is continuous. A physical state that lies in the continuous spectrum consists of a superposition of kinematical states in which the shear is unbounded from above. We argue that such states are unphysical because they contain caustics that are in conflict with the falloff conditions at asymptotic infinity.
{"title":"Evidence for Planck luminosity bound in quantum gravity","authors":"Wolfgang Wieland","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adb536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adb536","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, we introduced a non-perturbative quantization of impulsive gravitational null initial data. In this note, we investigate an immediate physical implication of the model. One of the quantum numbers is the total luminosity carried to infinity. We show that a transition happens when the luminosity reaches the Planck power . Below , the spectrum of the radiated power is discrete. Above the Planck power, the spectrum is continuous. A physical state that lies in the continuous spectrum consists of a superposition of kinematical states in which the shear is unbounded from above. We argue that such states are unphysical because they contain caustics that are in conflict with the falloff conditions at asymptotic infinity.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianing Wang, Guoyi Tao, Zimeng Zhang, Yihang Li, Shumin Xiao, Chaoran Huang, Qinghai Song, Hon Ki Tsang, Ke Xu
Photodetectors are one of the fundamental building blocks in integrated photonic systems. They mainly serve to convert optical to electrical signals by absorbing photons in semiconductors which have a bandgap smaller than the photon energy. The constraint on photon energy in relation to the bandgap of commonly available semiconductor materials hinders the application of integrated photonics for some emerging applications. Here a novel waveguide detector integrated with on‐chip heater is proposed. Tunable bandgap can be achieved via local heating, which changes absorption characteristics. Based on this mechanism, the multi‐functional germanium detector for three different applications including broadband optical communications, optical neural networks, and optical spectral sensing is demonstrated. The proposed photodetector enables high‐speed detection at extended long wavelengths. In an artificial neural network, the controllable photoresponse allows for a tailorable nonlinear activation function to be implemented. It is also capable of retrieving spectral information via a single tunable detector without the need for any other optical components. This work not only proposes a new waveguide photodetector structure but also identify an approach to make multi‐functional photodetectors that can be used in different photonic integration platforms.
{"title":"Thermally Controlled Multi‐Functional Waveguide Photodetector","authors":"Jianing Wang, Guoyi Tao, Zimeng Zhang, Yihang Li, Shumin Xiao, Chaoran Huang, Qinghai Song, Hon Ki Tsang, Ke Xu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202402072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202402072","url":null,"abstract":"Photodetectors are one of the fundamental building blocks in integrated photonic systems. They mainly serve to convert optical to electrical signals by absorbing photons in semiconductors which have a bandgap smaller than the photon energy. The constraint on photon energy in relation to the bandgap of commonly available semiconductor materials hinders the application of integrated photonics for some emerging applications. Here a novel waveguide detector integrated with on‐chip heater is proposed. Tunable bandgap can be achieved via local heating, which changes absorption characteristics. Based on this mechanism, the multi‐functional germanium detector for three different applications including broadband optical communications, optical neural networks, and optical spectral sensing is demonstrated. The proposed photodetector enables high‐speed detection at extended long wavelengths. In an artificial neural network, the controllable photoresponse allows for a tailorable nonlinear activation function to be implemented. It is also capable of retrieving spectral information via a single tunable detector without the need for any other optical components. This work not only proposes a new waveguide photodetector structure but also identify an approach to make multi‐functional photodetectors that can be used in different photonic integration platforms.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.111.043046
Sahil Jhawar, Thibeau Wouters, Peter T. H. Pang, Mattia Bulla, Michael W. Coughlin, Tim Dietrich
Kilonovae, possible electromagnetic counterparts to neutron star mergers, provide important information about high-energy transient phenomena and, in principle, also allow us to obtain information about the source properties responsible for powering the kilonova. Unfortunately, numerous uncertainties exist in kilonova modeling that, at the current stage, hinder accurate predictions. Hence, one has to account for possible systematic modeling uncertainties when interpreting the observed transients. In this work, we provide a data-driven approach to account for time-dependent and filter-dependent uncertainties in kilonova models. Through a suite of tests, we find that the most reliable recovery of the source parameters and description of the observational data can be obtained through a combination of kilonova models with time- and filter-dependent systematic uncertainties. We apply our new method to analyze AT2017gfo. While recovering a total ejecta mass consistent with previous studies, our approach gives insights into the temporal and spectral evolution of the systematic uncertainties of this kilonova. We consistently find a systematic error below 1 mag between 1 to 5 days after the merger. Our work addresses the need for early follow-up of kilonovae at earlier times, and improved modeling of the kilonova at later times, to reduce the uncertainties outside of this time window. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Data-driven approach for modeling the temporal and spectral evolution of kilonova systematic uncertainties","authors":"Sahil Jhawar, Thibeau Wouters, Peter T. H. Pang, Mattia Bulla, Michael W. Coughlin, Tim Dietrich","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.043046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.043046","url":null,"abstract":"Kilonovae, possible electromagnetic counterparts to neutron star mergers, provide important information about high-energy transient phenomena and, in principle, also allow us to obtain information about the source properties responsible for powering the kilonova. Unfortunately, numerous uncertainties exist in kilonova modeling that, at the current stage, hinder accurate predictions. Hence, one has to account for possible systematic modeling uncertainties when interpreting the observed transients. In this work, we provide a data-driven approach to account for time-dependent and filter-dependent uncertainties in kilonova models. Through a suite of tests, we find that the most reliable recovery of the source parameters and description of the observational data can be obtained through a combination of kilonova models with time- and filter-dependent systematic uncertainties. We apply our new method to analyze AT2017gfo. While recovering a total ejecta mass consistent with previous studies, our approach gives insights into the temporal and spectral evolution of the systematic uncertainties of this kilonova. We consistently find a systematic error below 1 mag between 1 to 5 days after the merger. Our work addresses the need for early follow-up of kilonovae at earlier times, and improved modeling of the kilonova at later times, to reduce the uncertainties outside of this time window. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.111.046020
Julian Kupka, Charles Strickland-Constable, Fridrich Valach
The generalized-geometric formulation of 10-dimensional supergravity suggests a particular simple “limit,” which results in a theory whose only dynamical degrees of freedom are the dilaton and the dilatino. The theory is still invariant both under generalized diffeomorphisms and a local supersymmetry and in many aspects is structurally similar to the original supergravity, which makes it a convenient playground for understanding more subtle aspects of the full physical setup. In particular, the simplicity and the geometric nature of the dilatonic theory allow us to build a full Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) extension to all orders in the fermionic variables. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Supergravity without gravity and its BV formulation","authors":"Julian Kupka, Charles Strickland-Constable, Fridrich Valach","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.046020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.046020","url":null,"abstract":"The generalized-geometric formulation of 10-dimensional supergravity suggests a particular simple “limit,” which results in a theory whose only dynamical degrees of freedom are the dilaton and the dilatino. The theory is still invariant both under generalized diffeomorphisms and a local supersymmetry and in many aspects is structurally similar to the original supergravity, which makes it a convenient playground for understanding more subtle aspects of the full physical setup. In particular, the simplicity and the geometric nature of the dilatonic theory allow us to build a full Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) extension to all orders in the fermionic variables. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Wang, Zhen-Ze Li, Hong-Wei Zhou, Rui-Fan Li, Jia-Tai Huang, Zhu Lin, Qi-Dai Chen, Lei Wang, Hong-Bo Sun
It has been established that assembling chiral nanostructures using a circularly polarized laser is formidable due to their symmetry mismatch. Traditionally, complex light fields or chiral precursors are considered prerequisites for optical chiral self-assembly. Herein, an unexpected seed symmetry-breaking (SSB) effect is reported, through which not only are chiral structures readily assembled by circularly polarized light in a controllable manner, but the physical mechanism of chiral assembly reported so far is also clarified. The SSB effect refers to a phenomenon of symmetry reduction in photo-generated structures—the seed for ensuing structure growth—which inevitably leads to a chiral near field and the formation of resultant chiral structures. As proof of concept, the near fields as well as the process of chiral structure evolution are recorded using a low-melting-point film. In this particular case, laser-induced nanoscale Rayleigh–Taylor instability (nano-RTI) is responsible for the initial SSB. Consequently, a simple and rapid chiral structure self-assembly method is developed, and a programmable array with a 15% peak in the circular differential scattering spectrum (CDS) is realized.
{"title":"Optical Self-Assembly of Chiral Nanostructures by a Seed Symmetry-Breaking Effect","authors":"Yi Wang, Zhen-Ze Li, Hong-Wei Zhou, Rui-Fan Li, Jia-Tai Huang, Zhu Lin, Qi-Dai Chen, Lei Wang, Hong-Bo Sun","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202402108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202402108","url":null,"abstract":"It has been established that assembling chiral nanostructures using a circularly polarized laser is formidable due to their symmetry mismatch. Traditionally, complex light fields or chiral precursors are considered prerequisites for optical chiral self-assembly. Herein, an unexpected seed symmetry-breaking (SSB) effect is reported, through which not only are chiral structures readily assembled by circularly polarized light in a controllable manner, but the physical mechanism of chiral assembly reported so far is also clarified. The SSB effect refers to a phenomenon of symmetry reduction in photo-generated structures—the seed for ensuing structure growth—which inevitably leads to a chiral near field and the formation of resultant chiral structures. As proof of concept, the near fields as well as the process of chiral structure evolution are recorded using a low-melting-point film. In this particular case, laser-induced nanoscale Rayleigh–Taylor instability (nano-RTI) is responsible for the initial SSB. Consequently, a simple and rapid chiral structure self-assembly method is developed, and a programmable array with a 15% peak in the circular differential scattering spectrum (CDS) is realized.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}