Pub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1134/S0040577925040026
E. A. Teplyakov
Symmetry-protected topological phases are an active field of research in condensed matter physics. The classification of symmetry-protected topological phases is an important problem in mathematics and theoretical physics. In this paper, a direct approach based on the use of methods of homotopy theory and the theory of infinite loop spaces is proposed to describe the (Omega)-spectra and the generalized cohomology theories arising in the classification of topological phases.
{"title":"(Omega)-Spectrum in topological phases","authors":"E. A. Teplyakov","doi":"10.1134/S0040577925040026","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040577925040026","url":null,"abstract":"<p> Symmetry-protected topological phases are an active field of research in condensed matter physics. The classification of symmetry-protected topological phases is an important problem in mathematics and theoretical physics. In this paper, a direct approach based on the use of methods of homotopy theory and the theory of infinite loop spaces is proposed to describe the <span>(Omega)</span>-spectra and the generalized cohomology theories arising in the classification of topological phases. </p>","PeriodicalId":797,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"223 1","pages":"548 - 555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1134/S0040577925040087
Yu. G. Ignat’ev
A mathematical model of the evolution of spherical perturbations in an ideal cosmological scalar-charged fluid coupled to the Higgs field is constructed. A closed mathematical model of linear spherical perturbations in a cosmological medium of a scalar-charged ideal fluid with scalar Higgs interaction is formulated. It is shown that spherical perturbations of the Friedmann metric are possible only in the presence of an isotropic fluid. At singular points of the background cosmological model, perturbations of the metric do not occur and perturbations are described by a vacuum-field model. Exact solutions are obtained at singular points of the cosmological system; the scalar field perturbations are shown to be traveling waves in the case of a stable singular point of the cosmological system and exponentially growing standing waves in the case of an unstable singular point. Using numerical modeling, the formation of a stratified halo in the form of growing standing waves is shown.
{"title":"Evolution of spherical perturbations in the cosmological environment of the Higgs scalar field and an ideal scalar charged fluid","authors":"Yu. G. Ignat’ev","doi":"10.1134/S0040577925040087","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040577925040087","url":null,"abstract":"<p> A mathematical model of the evolution of spherical perturbations in an ideal cosmological scalar-charged fluid coupled to the Higgs field is constructed. A closed mathematical model of linear spherical perturbations in a cosmological medium of a scalar-charged ideal fluid with scalar Higgs interaction is formulated. It is shown that spherical perturbations of the Friedmann metric are possible only in the presence of an isotropic fluid. At singular points of the background cosmological model, perturbations of the metric do not occur and perturbations are described by a vacuum-field model. Exact solutions are obtained at singular points of the cosmological system; the scalar field perturbations are shown to be traveling waves in the case of a stable singular point of the cosmological system and exponentially growing standing waves in the case of an unstable singular point. Using numerical modeling, the formation of a stratified halo in the form of growing standing waves is shown. </p>","PeriodicalId":797,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"223 1","pages":"636 - 649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.134.162503
Shihang Shen, Serdar Elhatisari, Dean Lee, Ulf-G. Meißner, Zhengxue Ren
We present a systematic study of the low-lying states in beryllium isotopes from Be7 to Be12 using nuclear lattice effective field theory with the N3LO interaction. Our calculations achieve good agreement with experimental data for energies, radii, and electromagnetic properties. We introduce a novel, model-independent method to quantify nuclear shapes, uncovering a distinct pattern in the interplay between positive and negative parity states across the isotopic chain. By combining Monte Carlo sampling of the many-body density operator with a novel nucleon-grouping algorithm, the prominent two-center cluster structures, the emergence of one-neutron halo, complex nuclear molecular dynamics such as π orbital and σ orbital, emerge naturally. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Ab Initio Study of the Beryllium Isotopes Be7 to Be12","authors":"Shihang Shen, Serdar Elhatisari, Dean Lee, Ulf-G. Meißner, Zhengxue Ren","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.162503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.162503","url":null,"abstract":"We present a systematic study of the low-lying states in beryllium isotopes from Be</a:mi></a:mrow>7</a:mn></a:mrow></a:mmultiscripts></a:mrow></a:math> to <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:mmultiscripts><c:mrow><c:mi>Be</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mprescripts/><c:none/><c:mrow><c:mn>12</c:mn></c:mrow></c:mmultiscripts></c:mrow></c:math> using nuclear lattice effective field theory with the <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mrow><e:msup><e:mrow><e:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N</e:mi></e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mn>3</e:mn></e:mrow></e:msup><e:mi>LO</e:mi></e:mrow></e:math> interaction. Our calculations achieve good agreement with experimental data for energies, radii, and electromagnetic properties. We introduce a novel, model-independent method to quantify nuclear shapes, uncovering a distinct pattern in the interplay between positive and negative parity states across the isotopic chain. By combining Monte Carlo sampling of the many-body density operator with a novel nucleon-grouping algorithm, the prominent two-center cluster structures, the emergence of one-neutron halo, complex nuclear molecular dynamics such as <h:math xmlns:h=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><h:mrow><h:mi>π</h:mi></h:mrow></h:math> orbital and <j:math xmlns:j=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><j:mi>σ</j:mi></j:math> orbital, emerge naturally. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.111.134115
T. M. Hartsfield, K. M. Amodeo
We report a direct measurement of the temperature and density of a metal along its liquid-vapor coexistence (L-V) curve. By shocking platinum to a high-pressure liquid, we imparted sufficient heat for subsequent isentropic release to place it in a state on the boundary between the liquid and vapor phases. Released material in the liquid phase acted as a high velocity flyer pinned to the L-V curve. We measured velocity and radiant emission of the flyer as well as the interface motion and transiting shock states induced in a downstream window material by its impact. We used these measurements to calculate temperature and density of the L-V curve state which we compare to density functional theory predictions. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Platinum liquid-vapor phase boundary mapped by fluid flyer experiments","authors":"T. M. Hartsfield, K. M. Amodeo","doi":"10.1103/physrevb.111.134115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.134115","url":null,"abstract":"We report a direct measurement of the temperature and density of a metal along its liquid-vapor coexistence (L-V) curve. By shocking platinum to a high-pressure liquid, we imparted sufficient heat for subsequent isentropic release to place it in a state on the boundary between the liquid and vapor phases. Released material in the liquid phase acted as a high velocity flyer pinned to the L-V curve. We measured velocity and radiant emission of the flyer as well as the interface motion and transiting shock states induced in a downstream window material by its impact. We used these measurements to calculate temperature and density of the L-V curve state which we compare to density functional theory predictions. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20082,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review B","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic ferromagnetic materials with high ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc) are critical to the advancement of spintronic device technology. In this study, we present two stable room-temperature ferromagnetic carbides, namely, MC (M = Cr, Mn) monolayers, with Tc values of 384 and 391 K, respectively, along with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Furthermore, CrxMn8−xC8 (x=1–7) alloy monolayers are constructed. We demonstrate that the appropriate incorporation of Cr–Mn atomic pairs substantially enhances the ferromagnetic coupling, which is intimately associated with the interactions between metal atoms and their spatial arrangements within the lattice. In particular, the CrMnC2 alloy monolayer exhibits a Tc of 627 K, markedly exceeding that of the parent monolayer. This elevated Tc is attributed to the combined effect of the crystal-field energy difference introduced by the alloying process and the internal stresses arising from the lattice distortion induced by alloying, which jointly enhance ferromagnetic interactions. In addition, CrMnC2 exhibits robust PMA, in-plane magnetic anisotropy induced by structural asymmetry, and slight ferroelastic behavior. These findings offer insights on the impact of alloy engineering on 2D ferromagnetism and highlight a pathway toward high-Tc 2D ferromagnetic materials for practical room-temperature device applications.
{"title":"Alloying-enhanced ferromagnetic coupling in two-dimensional transition metal carbide MC (M = Cr, Mn) monolayers","authors":"Ruoyan Xu, Junlin Luo, Haiyu Meng, Xingxing Jiang, Yee Sin Ang, Xiong-Xiong Xue","doi":"10.1063/5.0253577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0253577","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic ferromagnetic materials with high ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc) are critical to the advancement of spintronic device technology. In this study, we present two stable room-temperature ferromagnetic carbides, namely, MC (M = Cr, Mn) monolayers, with Tc values of 384 and 391 K, respectively, along with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Furthermore, CrxMn8−xC8 (x=1–7) alloy monolayers are constructed. We demonstrate that the appropriate incorporation of Cr–Mn atomic pairs substantially enhances the ferromagnetic coupling, which is intimately associated with the interactions between metal atoms and their spatial arrangements within the lattice. In particular, the CrMnC2 alloy monolayer exhibits a Tc of 627 K, markedly exceeding that of the parent monolayer. This elevated Tc is attributed to the combined effect of the crystal-field energy difference introduced by the alloying process and the internal stresses arising from the lattice distortion induced by alloying, which jointly enhance ferromagnetic interactions. In addition, CrMnC2 exhibits robust PMA, in-plane magnetic anisotropy induced by structural asymmetry, and slight ferroelastic behavior. These findings offer insights on the impact of alloy engineering on 2D ferromagnetism and highlight a pathway toward high-Tc 2D ferromagnetic materials for practical room-temperature device applications.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"416 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113041
Yuchao Hong , Tong Zhou , Walter Perrie , Lei Huang , Yang Fei , Youyou Hu , Stuart Edwardson , Geoff Dearden
An experimental and numerical analysis of 10 ps laser ablation on 316 L stainless steel at 100 KHz with 30 MHz intra-burst frequency and varying intra-burst number is reported. This research experimentally revealed how intra-pulse number Nint (1–5) influences the ablation threshold and ablation depth while a Two-Temperature Model (TTM) coupled with material removal method is used to predict the transverse temperature and ablation profile during pulse burst ablation. It was found that the intra-pulse ablation threshold Fint decreases and ablated depth Dexp increases with increasing Nint. The numerical results align well with the experimental data, assuming that the heat accumulation is the main mechanism. However, melting and thermal stress is more pronounced when Nint > 3 resulting in the highest annular bulge at Nint = 5. The results not only highlight the importance of intra-pulse number on the ablation efficiency, but also provide an insight into the physics of MHz burst mode in picosecond laser ablation.
{"title":"The effect of intra-pulse number during burst mode picosecond laser ablation of 316 stainless steel: Experimental and numerical modelling","authors":"Yuchao Hong , Tong Zhou , Walter Perrie , Lei Huang , Yang Fei , Youyou Hu , Stuart Edwardson , Geoff Dearden","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An experimental and numerical analysis of 10 ps laser ablation on 316 L stainless steel at 100 KHz with 30 MHz intra-burst frequency and varying intra-burst number is reported. This research experimentally revealed how intra-pulse number <strong><em>N</em><sub>int</sub> (1</strong>–<strong>5)</strong> influences the ablation threshold and ablation depth while a Two-Temperature Model (TTM) coupled with material removal method is used to predict the transverse temperature and ablation profile during pulse burst ablation. It was found that the intra-pulse ablation threshold <strong><em>F</em><sub>int</sub></strong> decreases and ablated depth <strong><em>D</em><sub>exp</sub></strong> increases with increasing <strong><em>N</em><sub>int</sub></strong>. The numerical results align well with the experimental data, assuming that the heat accumulation is the main mechanism. However, melting and thermal stress is more pronounced when <strong><em>N</em><sub>int</sub></strong> > 3 resulting in the highest annular bulge at <strong><em>N</em><sub>int</sub></strong> = 5. The results not only highlight the importance of intra-pulse number on the ablation efficiency, but also provide an insight into the physics of MHz burst mode in picosecond laser ablation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 113041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.021030
Jinu Thomas, Debshikha Banerjee, Alberto Nocera, Steven Johnston
An emerging application of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is the study of lattice excitations and electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions in quantum materials. Despite the growing importance of this area of research, the community lacks a complete understanding of how the RIXS process excites the lattice and how these excitations encode information about the e-ph interactions. Here, we present a detailed study of the RIXS spectra of the Hubbard-Holstein model defined on extended one-dimensional lattices. Using the density matrix renormalization group method, we compute the RIXS response while treating the electron mobility, many-body interactions, and core-hole interactions on an equal footing. The predicted spectra exhibit notable differences from those obtained using the commonly adopted Lang-Firsov models, with important implications for analyzing past and future experiments. Our results provide a deeper understanding of how RIXS probes e-ph interactions and set the stage for a more realistic analysis of future experiments. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Theory of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Extended Correlated Systems Probed by Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering","authors":"Jinu Thomas, Debshikha Banerjee, Alberto Nocera, Steven Johnston","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.021030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.021030","url":null,"abstract":"An emerging application of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is the study of lattice excitations and electron-phonon (e</a:mi></a:math>-ph) interactions in quantum materials. Despite the growing importance of this area of research, the community lacks a complete understanding of how the RIXS process excites the lattice and how these excitations encode information about the <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>e</c:mi></c:math>-ph interactions. Here, we present a detailed study of the RIXS spectra of the Hubbard-Holstein model defined on extended one-dimensional lattices. Using the density matrix renormalization group method, we compute the RIXS response while treating the electron mobility, many-body interactions, and core-hole interactions on an equal footing. The predicted spectra exhibit notable differences from those obtained using the commonly adopted Lang-Firsov models, with important implications for analyzing past and future experiments. Our results provide a deeper understanding of how RIXS probes <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>e</e:mi></e:math>-ph interactions and set the stage for a more realistic analysis of future experiments. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jheap.2025.100389
Y. Sekhmani , S. Zare , L.M. Nieto , H. Hassanabadi , K. Boshkayev
By implementing the concept of polytropic structures as a scalar field gas with a dark energy-like behavior, we obtain a static spherically symmetric black hole solution in the framework of general relativity. In this paper, we study the quasinormal modes, the greybody bound process, the shadow behaviors, and the sparsity of black holes with a surrounding polytropic scalar field gas. Using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approach, we evaluate the impact of a particular set of polytropic parameters with a fixed setting of the polytropic index n on the oscillation frequency and damping rate of gravitational waves. The results show that the effect of the parameter ξ is much less significant than that of the parameter A on the gravitational waves oscillation frequency and damping rate. Furthermore, the analysis of the greybody factor bounds reveals special insight into the effect of certain parameters where the multipole moments l and the polytropic index n have similar effects, in contrast to the pair of polytropic parameters (). In light of such a comparative study, we investigate, on the other hand, the third-order Padé WKB method, which results in a more accurate process for quasinormal mode frequencies compared to the third-order standard WKB method. In this way, exploring the sparsity of Hawking radiation is another task that provides a better understanding of the behavior of the black hole solution. In this respect, the results show that the black hole behaves like blackbody radiation for a sufficiently large entropy. And for , the relevant sparsity acts exactly like the Schwarzschild sparsity. These results provide an insight into the dynamics of black holes with a surrounding polytropic scalar field gas from the analysis of their quasinormal modes, greybody factors, shadow behaviors, energy emission rate and sparsity process. Constraints on the associated BH parameters, derived from the Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87* and Sgr A*, indicate that this black hole model stands as a compelling candidate for representing astrophysical black holes.
{"title":"Black holes immersed in polytropic scalar field gas","authors":"Y. Sekhmani , S. Zare , L.M. Nieto , H. Hassanabadi , K. Boshkayev","doi":"10.1016/j.jheap.2025.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jheap.2025.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By implementing the concept of polytropic structures as a scalar field gas with a dark energy-like behavior, we obtain a static spherically symmetric black hole solution in the framework of general relativity. In this paper, we study the quasinormal modes, the greybody bound process, the shadow behaviors, and the sparsity of black holes with a surrounding polytropic scalar field gas. Using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approach, we evaluate the impact of a particular set of polytropic parameters <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>ξ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> with a fixed setting of the polytropic index <em>n</em> on the oscillation frequency and damping rate of gravitational waves. The results show that the effect of the parameter <em>ξ</em> is much less significant than that of the parameter <em>A</em> on the gravitational waves oscillation frequency and damping rate. Furthermore, the analysis of the greybody factor bounds reveals special insight into the effect of certain parameters where the multipole moments <em>l</em> and the polytropic index <em>n</em> have similar effects, in contrast to the pair of polytropic parameters (<span><math><mi>ξ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>A</mi></math></span>). In light of such a comparative study, we investigate, on the other hand, the third-order Padé WKB method, which results in a more accurate process for quasinormal mode frequencies compared to the third-order standard WKB method. In this way, exploring the sparsity of Hawking radiation is another task that provides a better understanding of the behavior of the black hole solution. In this respect, the results show that the black hole behaves like blackbody radiation for a sufficiently large entropy. And for <span><math><mi>ξ</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span>, the relevant sparsity acts exactly like the Schwarzschild sparsity. These results provide an insight into the dynamics of black holes with a surrounding polytropic scalar field gas from the analysis of their quasinormal modes, greybody factors, shadow behaviors, energy emission rate and sparsity process. Constraints on the associated BH parameters, derived from the Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87* and Sgr A*, indicate that this black hole model stands as a compelling candidate for representing astrophysical black holes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Astrophysics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00227
Jinsong Zhang, Renjie Zhou, Nicholas X. Fang, Weijie Deng, Jinlong Zhu, Shiyuan Liu
The localization and classification of deep-subwavelength objects embedded in dense background nanopatterns in an imaging mode are challenging because of the optical diffraction limit and the weak signal-to-noise ratio and contrast. In this work, we, for the first time, experimentally validated the proposed conjugate structured illumination microscopy (c-SIM), which utilizes optical proximity correction techniques to generate a wide-field, diffraction-limited, and structured illumination field on the sample surface for defect inspection. Our experiments validated that c-SIM could accurately inspect 29 nm wide defects with an enhanced resolution (half of the diffraction barrier) using a 423 nm laser source. Moreover, our investigation demonstrated that different types of 38 nm wide defects could be precisely pinpointed and directly classified from the captured frames in the lateral scanning process, which is attributed to the fact that a conjugate structured light field could induce a high-intensity gradient in the illumination light. This technology may find diverse applications, such as a patterned wafer defect inspection, photomask inspection, material characterization, metamaterial inspection, and nanosensing.
{"title":"Experimental Demonstration of Conjugate Structured Illumination Microscopy (c-SIM) for Sensing Deep Subwavelength Perturbations in Background Nanopatterns","authors":"Jinsong Zhang, Renjie Zhou, Nicholas X. Fang, Weijie Deng, Jinlong Zhu, Shiyuan Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00227","url":null,"abstract":"The localization and classification of deep-subwavelength objects embedded in dense background nanopatterns in an imaging mode are challenging because of the optical diffraction limit and the weak signal-to-noise ratio and contrast. In this work, we, for the first time, experimentally validated the proposed conjugate structured illumination microscopy (c-SIM), which utilizes optical proximity correction techniques to generate a wide-field, diffraction-limited, and structured illumination field on the sample surface for defect inspection. Our experiments validated that c-SIM could accurately inspect 29 nm wide defects with an enhanced resolution (half of the diffraction barrier) using a 423 nm laser source. Moreover, our investigation demonstrated that different types of 38 nm wide defects could be precisely pinpointed and directly classified from the captured frames in the lateral scanning process, which is attributed to the fact that a conjugate structured light field could induce a high-intensity gradient in the illumination light. This technology may find diverse applications, such as a patterned wafer defect inspection, photomask inspection, material characterization, metamaterial inspection, and nanosensing.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrafast dynamic wavefront control is pivotal for advancing photonics applications in LiDAR, high-resolution imaging, and quantum information processing. Conventional wavefront control techniques, such as mechanical beam steering and liquid-crystal-based modulators, are limited by slow response times and bulky configurations, making them unsuitable for high-speed, on-chip applications. In this work, we propose a graphene-based phase-gradient metasurface that leverages hot-electron dynamics for tunable, ultrafast wavefront control in the mid-infrared regime. By precisely modulating the electron temperature in graphene with femtosecond laser pulses, our device achieves real-time beam steering with a maximum reflection angle shift of 21° within 104 fs, as well as dual-focal length switching. The device demonstrates high reflectivity, continuous 2π phase modulation, and an achromatic response over a substantial bandwidth, making it a robust solution for high-speed optical encoding and adaptive optics. This graphene-based platform provides a compact, reconfigurable solution that overcomes the limitations of traditional and emerging approaches, establishing a foundation for next-generation integrated photonics systems.
{"title":"Ultrafast dynamic mid-infrared beam steering via hot-electron modulation in graphene metasurfaces","authors":"Qinghua Qin, Leijun Xu, Yiming Yu, Ziying Li, Shuguang Zhu, Zexing Zheng, Huishan Ma, Yu Qian, Jiale He, Weiwei Tang, Guanhai Li, Xiaoshuang Chen","doi":"10.1063/5.0249898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249898","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast dynamic wavefront control is pivotal for advancing photonics applications in LiDAR, high-resolution imaging, and quantum information processing. Conventional wavefront control techniques, such as mechanical beam steering and liquid-crystal-based modulators, are limited by slow response times and bulky configurations, making them unsuitable for high-speed, on-chip applications. In this work, we propose a graphene-based phase-gradient metasurface that leverages hot-electron dynamics for tunable, ultrafast wavefront control in the mid-infrared regime. By precisely modulating the electron temperature in graphene with femtosecond laser pulses, our device achieves real-time beam steering with a maximum reflection angle shift of 21° within 104 fs, as well as dual-focal length switching. The device demonstrates high reflectivity, continuous 2π phase modulation, and an achromatic response over a substantial bandwidth, making it a robust solution for high-speed optical encoding and adaptive optics. This graphene-based platform provides a compact, reconfigurable solution that overcomes the limitations of traditional and emerging approaches, establishing a foundation for next-generation integrated photonics systems.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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