Zhi-Jun Qin, Zhao-Hua Xu, Hui Zheng, Ya-Qi Song, Hang Ren, Wen-Ya Wang, Hong Chen, Jia-Jun Liang, Xiao-Liang Ge, Guan-Long Huang, Su Xu
Manipulating circular-, elliptical-, and linear- polarization states of radiation and enhancing the matching efficiency between radiators and receivers/detectors, emerges as a cornerstone technology for achieving high-quality wireless communications and radar detections. However, reconfiguring these polarization states freely in the chip is still an open challenge over the sub-terahertz (sub-THz) band. Here, we achieve broadband sub-THz polarization-reconfigurable on-chip radiation based on a spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) platform. By modulating the asymmetric near-field coupling between the SSPP waveguide and scatter arrays, continuous adjustment of the axial ratio is observed numerically from 1 to 40 dB, enabling the flexible switching among all three classes of polarization states. The experiment also demonstrates this powerful dynamic polarization switching functionality. Our work broadens on-chip dynamic manipulation of sub-THz and THz waves and may also open an avenue to secure communication, satellite networks, and local data-center interconnects.
{"title":"Sub-Terahertz Broadband Polarization-Reconfigurable Radiation Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons","authors":"Zhi-Jun Qin, Zhao-Hua Xu, Hui Zheng, Ya-Qi Song, Hang Ren, Wen-Ya Wang, Hong Chen, Jia-Jun Liang, Xiao-Liang Ge, Guan-Long Huang, Su Xu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502111","url":null,"abstract":"Manipulating circular-, elliptical-, and linear- polarization states of radiation and enhancing the matching efficiency between radiators and receivers/detectors, emerges as a cornerstone technology for achieving high-quality wireless communications and radar detections. However, reconfiguring these polarization states freely in the chip is still an open challenge over the sub-terahertz (sub-THz) band. Here, we achieve broadband sub-THz polarization-reconfigurable on-chip radiation based on a spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) platform. By modulating the asymmetric near-field coupling between the SSPP waveguide and scatter arrays, continuous adjustment of the axial ratio is observed numerically from 1 to 40 dB, enabling the flexible switching among all three classes of polarization states. The experiment also demonstrates this powerful dynamic polarization switching functionality. Our work broadens on-chip dynamic manipulation of sub-THz and THz waves and may also open an avenue to secure communication, satellite networks, and local data-center interconnects.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.22331/q-2026-02-09-1999
Yiyuan Chen, Jonas Helsen, Maris Ozols
The Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model is a prominent model of strongly interacting fermions that serves as a toy model of quantum gravity and black hole physics. In this work, we study the Trotter error and gate complexity of the quantum simulation of the SYK model using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. Building on recent results by Chen and Brandão [6] — in particular their uniform smoothing technique for random matrix polynomials — we derive bounds on the first- and higher-order Trotter error of the SYK model, and subsequently find near-optimal gate complexities for simulating these models using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. For the $k$-local SYK model on $n$ Majorana fermions, at time $t$, our gate complexity estimates for the first-order Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formula scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{5}{2}}t^2)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+3}t^2)$ for odd $k$, and the gate complexity of simulations using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{1}{2}}t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+1}t)$ for odd $k$. Given that the SYK model has $Theta(n^k)$ terms, these estimates are close to optimal. These gate complexities can be further improved upon in the context of simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$, leading to a $mathcal{O}(n^2)$-reduction in gate complexity for first-order formulas and $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction for higher-order formulas.
We also apply our techniques to the sparse SYK model, which is a simplified variant of the SYK model obtained by deleting all but a $Theta(n)$ fraction of the terms in a uniformly i.i.d. manner. We find the average (over the random term removal) gate complexity for simulating this model using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{1+frac{1}{2}} t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{2} t)$ for odd $k$. Similar to the full SYK model, we obtain a $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$.
Our results highlight the potential of Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas for efficiently simulating the SYK and sparse SYK models, and our analytical methods can be naturally extended to other Gaussian random Hamiltonians.
{"title":"Trotter error and gate complexity of the SYK and sparse SYK models","authors":"Yiyuan Chen, Jonas Helsen, Maris Ozols","doi":"10.22331/q-2026-02-09-1999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2026-02-09-1999","url":null,"abstract":"The Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model is a prominent model of strongly interacting fermions that serves as a toy model of quantum gravity and black hole physics. In this work, we study the Trotter error and gate complexity of the quantum simulation of the SYK model using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. Building on recent results by Chen and Brandão [6] — in particular their uniform smoothing technique for random matrix polynomials — we derive bounds on the first- and higher-order Trotter error of the SYK model, and subsequently find near-optimal gate complexities for simulating these models using Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas. For the $k$-local SYK model on $n$ Majorana fermions, at time $t$, our gate complexity estimates for the first-order Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formula scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{5}{2}}t^2)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+3}t^2)$ for odd $k$, and the gate complexity of simulations using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+frac{1}{2}}t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{k+1}t)$ for odd $k$. Given that the SYK model has $Theta(n^k)$ terms, these estimates are close to optimal. These gate complexities can be further improved upon in the context of simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$, leading to a $mathcal{O}(n^2)$-reduction in gate complexity for first-order formulas and $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction for higher-order formulas.<br/>\u0000<br/> We also apply our techniques to the sparse SYK model, which is a simplified variant of the SYK model obtained by deleting all but a $Theta(n)$ fraction of the terms in a uniformly i.i.d. manner. We find the average (over the random term removal) gate complexity for simulating this model using higher-order formulas scales with $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{1+frac{1}{2}} t)$ for even $k$ and $tilde{mathcal{O}}(n^{2} t)$ for odd $k$. Similar to the full SYK model, we obtain a $mathcal{O}(sqrt{n})$-reduction simulating the time evolution of an arbitrary fixed input state $|psirangle$.<br/>\u0000<br/> Our results highlight the potential of Lie–Trotter–Suzuki formulas for efficiently simulating the SYK and sparse SYK models, and our analytical methods can be naturally extended to other Gaussian random Hamiltonians.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02076
Rafael S. Dutra,Felipe A. Pinheiro,Diney S. Ether Jr.,Cyriaque Genet,Nathan B. Viana,Paulo A. Maia Neto
We demonstrate that an effect phenomenologically analogous to circular dichroism can arise even for dielectric and isotropic chiral spherical particles. By analyzing the polarimetry of light scattered from a chiral, lossless microsphere illuminated with linearly polarized light, we show that the scattered light becomes nearly circularly polarized, exhibiting large nonresonant values of the Stokes parameter S3 for a broad range of visible frequencies. This phenomenon occurs only in the Mie regime, with the microsphere radius comparable to the wavelength, and provided that the scattered light is collected by a high-NA objective lens, including nonparaxial Fourier components. Altogether, our findings offer a theoretical framework and motivation for an experimental demonstration of a novel chiroptical effect with isolated dielectric particles, with potential applications in enantioselection and characterization of single microparticles, each and every one with its own chiral response.
{"title":"Circular Dichroism without Absorption in Isolated Chiral Dielectric Mie Particles","authors":"Rafael S. Dutra,Felipe A. Pinheiro,Diney S. Ether Jr.,Cyriaque Genet,Nathan B. Viana,Paulo A. Maia Neto","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02076","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate that an effect phenomenologically analogous to circular dichroism can arise even for dielectric and isotropic chiral spherical particles. By analyzing the polarimetry of light scattered from a chiral, lossless microsphere illuminated with linearly polarized light, we show that the scattered light becomes nearly circularly polarized, exhibiting large nonresonant values of the Stokes parameter S3 for a broad range of visible frequencies. This phenomenon occurs only in the Mie regime, with the microsphere radius comparable to the wavelength, and provided that the scattered light is collected by a high-NA objective lens, including nonparaxial Fourier components. Altogether, our findings offer a theoretical framework and motivation for an experimental demonstration of a novel chiroptical effect with isolated dielectric particles, with potential applications in enantioselection and characterization of single microparticles, each and every one with its own chiral response.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/02/025
V.T. Voronchev
The present paper completes a series of our works on non-thermal nuclear processes in big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) started in JCAP 05 (2008) 010 (Part I) and 05 (2009) 001 (Part II). The processes are triggered by non-Maxwellian particles naturally born in the main BBN reactions. Half of these reactions generate fast particles k+ (= n,p,t,3He,α). The other half, being radiative capture processes, produce slow nuclei k- (= d,t,3He,7Li,7Be) which can undergo (k-,n) reactions with neutrons having large cross sections. The particle production rate Rk, thermalization time τk, and effective number density nk are determined. It is shown that at the early stage of BBN the number density of slow deuterons (respectively, 3He) can exceed the number densities of Maxwellian 7Li and 7Be (respectively, 7Be) ions. To clarify the overall non-Maxwellian effect on BBN, both types of the non-Maxwellian particles are taken into account in the reaction network. Particular attention is paid to two-step sequential processes like p(n,γ)d-(n,γ)t, d(p,γ)3He-(n,p)t, t(α,γ)7Li-(n,γ)8Li, 3He(α,γ)7Be-(n,p)7Li, d(t,α)n+(A,n)a1a2, and d(3He,α)p+(A,p)a1a2 with (A,a1,a2) = (7Li,t,α) and (7Be,3He,α). It is obtained that the non-Maxwellian particles can selectively affect the element abundances, e.g., improve the prediction on 7Li/H by ∼ 1.5% and at the same time leave unchanged the 4He abundance. The main conclusion however is that these particles are unable to significantly change the standard picture of BBN in general, and provide a pathway toward a solution of the cosmological lithium problem in particular.
{"title":"Non-thermal processes in standard big bang nucleosynthesis. Part III. Reactions with slow nuclei and the overall effect","authors":"V.T. Voronchev","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2026/02/025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/02/025","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper completes a series of our works on non-thermal nuclear processes in big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) started in JCAP 05 (2008) 010 (Part I) and 05 (2009) 001 (Part II). The processes are triggered by non-Maxwellian particles naturally born in the main BBN reactions. Half of these reactions generate fast particles k+ (= n,p,t,3He,α). The other half, being radiative capture processes, produce slow nuclei k- (= d,t,3He,7Li,7Be) which can undergo (k-,n) reactions with neutrons having large cross sections. The particle production rate Rk, thermalization time τk, and effective number density nk are determined. It is shown that at the early stage of BBN the number density of slow deuterons (respectively, 3He) can exceed the number densities of Maxwellian 7Li and 7Be (respectively, 7Be) ions. To clarify the overall non-Maxwellian effect on BBN, both types of the non-Maxwellian particles are taken into account in the reaction network. Particular attention is paid to two-step sequential processes like p(n,γ)d-(n,γ)t, d(p,γ)3He-(n,p)t, t(α,γ)7Li-(n,γ)8Li, 3He(α,γ)7Be-(n,p)7Li, d(t,α)n+(A,n)a1a2, and d(3He,α)p+(A,p)a1a2 with (A,a1,a2) = (7Li,t,α) and (7Be,3He,α). It is obtained that the non-Maxwellian particles can selectively affect the element abundances, e.g., improve the prediction on 7Li/H by ∼ 1.5% and at the same time leave unchanged the 4He abundance. The main conclusion however is that these particles are unable to significantly change the standard picture of BBN in general, and provide a pathway toward a solution of the cosmological lithium problem in particular.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.22331/q-2026-02-09-2000
Anthony Leverrier
While 2-level systems, aka qubits, are a natural choice to perform a logical quantum computation, the situation is less clear at the physical level. Encoding information in higher-dimensional physical systems can indeed provide a first level of redundancy and error correction that simplifies the overall fault-tolerant architecture. A challenge then is to ensure universal control over the encoded qubits. Here, we explore an approach where information is encoded in an irreducible representation of a finite subgroup of $U(2)$ through an inverse quantum Fourier transform. We illustrate this idea by applying it to the real Pauli group $langle X, Zrangle$ in the bosonic setting. The resulting two-mode Fourier cat code displays good error correction properties and admits an experimentally-friendly universal gate set that we discuss in detail.
{"title":"Bosonic quantum Fourier codes","authors":"Anthony Leverrier","doi":"10.22331/q-2026-02-09-2000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2026-02-09-2000","url":null,"abstract":"While 2-level systems, aka qubits, are a natural choice to perform a logical quantum computation, the situation is less clear at the physical level. Encoding information in higher-dimensional physical systems can indeed provide a first level of redundancy and error correction that simplifies the overall fault-tolerant architecture. A challenge then is to ensure universal control over the encoded qubits. Here, we explore an approach where information is encoded in an irreducible representation of a finite subgroup of $U(2)$ through an inverse quantum Fourier transform. We illustrate this idea by applying it to the real Pauli group $langle X, Zrangle$ in the bosonic setting. The resulting two-mode Fourier cat code displays good error correction properties and admits an experimentally-friendly universal gate set that we discuss in detail.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02783-z
Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Jerry W. Xuan, Yayaati Chachan, Aurora Kesseli, Eve J. Lee, Charles Beichman, Klaus Hodapp, William O. Balmer, Quinn Konopacky, Marshall D. Perrin, Dimitri Mawet, Heather A. Knutson, Geoffrey Bryden, Thomas P. Greene, Doug Johnstone, Jarron Leisenring, Michael Meyer, Marie Ygouf
The accretion of icy and rocky solids during the formation of a gas-giant planet is poorly constrained and challenging to model. Refractory species, like sulfur, are present only in solids in the protoplanetary disk where planets form. Measuring their abundance in planetary atmospheres is one of the most direct ways of constraining the extent and mechanism of solid accretion. Here, using the unprecedented sensitivity of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, we measure in detail the chemical make-up of three massive gas giants orbiting the star HR 8799, including direct detections of H2O, CO, CH4, CO2, H2S, 13CO and C18O. We find that these planets are uniformly and highly enriched in heavy elements compared with the star, irrespective of their volatile (carbon and oxygen) or refractory (sulfur) nature, which strongly indicates that the accretion of solids was efficient during their formation. This composition closely resembles that of Jupiter and Saturn and demonstrates that this enrichment also occurs in systems with several gas-giant planets orbiting stars beyond the Solar System. This discovery hints at a shared origin for the heavy-element enrichment of giant planets across a wider range of planet masses and orbital separations than previously anticipated.
{"title":"Jupiter-like uniform metal enrichment in a system of multiple giant exoplanets","authors":"Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Jerry W. Xuan, Yayaati Chachan, Aurora Kesseli, Eve J. Lee, Charles Beichman, Klaus Hodapp, William O. Balmer, Quinn Konopacky, Marshall D. Perrin, Dimitri Mawet, Heather A. Knutson, Geoffrey Bryden, Thomas P. Greene, Doug Johnstone, Jarron Leisenring, Michael Meyer, Marie Ygouf","doi":"10.1038/s41550-026-02783-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-026-02783-z","url":null,"abstract":"The accretion of icy and rocky solids during the formation of a gas-giant planet is poorly constrained and challenging to model. Refractory species, like sulfur, are present only in solids in the protoplanetary disk where planets form. Measuring their abundance in planetary atmospheres is one of the most direct ways of constraining the extent and mechanism of solid accretion. Here, using the unprecedented sensitivity of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, we measure in detail the chemical make-up of three massive gas giants orbiting the star HR 8799, including direct detections of H2O, CO, CH4, CO2, H2S, 13CO and C18O. We find that these planets are uniformly and highly enriched in heavy elements compared with the star, irrespective of their volatile (carbon and oxygen) or refractory (sulfur) nature, which strongly indicates that the accretion of solids was efficient during their formation. This composition closely resembles that of Jupiter and Saturn and demonstrates that this enrichment also occurs in systems with several gas-giant planets orbiting stars beyond the Solar System. This discovery hints at a shared origin for the heavy-element enrichment of giant planets across a wider range of planet masses and orbital separations than previously anticipated.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"315 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuhang Yang, Yinbing An, Yu Chen, Yihao Yang, Zi-lan Deng, Yulan Huang, Shangli Tang, Tao Fu
Bound states in the continuum (BICs), featuring strong field confinement and theoretically infinite quality factors, offer a powerful mechanism for enhancing light–matter interactions. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a universal strategy to construct and merge two types of BICs in a compact metallic rectangular waveguide-cuboid resonator system in the microwave regime. Leveraging the high- quasi-BICs, a sensitivity-tunable complex permittivity sensor is developed, with sensing sensitivity adjustable through waveguide-resonator structural parameters. A first-principles analysis establishes a quantitative relationship between the transmission coefficient and the material's complex permittivity, enabling simultaneous extraction of the real part and loss tangent. The sensor's accuracy is validated using commercial microwave dielectric substrates with well-defined permittivities, and its tunable sensitivity is further confirmed through cross-check experiments. Compared with representative microwave permittivity sensors, the proposed approach achieves over 90% improvement in frequency detection resolution and nearly fivefold enhancement in normalized sensitivity. Benefiting from its ultrahigh quality factor, tunable sensitivity, and first-principles-guided design, the sensor can be extended to different frequencies and structural configurations, while allowing convenient sample replacement. These features make it highly suitable for RF substrate characterization, laboratory-scale material screening, and other high-sensitivity microwave sensing applications.
{"title":"Sensitivity-Tunable Complex Permittivity Sensing Enabled by Bound States in the Continuum in a Waveguide-Resonator System","authors":"Yuhang Yang, Yinbing An, Yu Chen, Yihao Yang, Zi-lan Deng, Yulan Huang, Shangli Tang, Tao Fu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502110","url":null,"abstract":"Bound states in the continuum (BICs), featuring strong field confinement and theoretically infinite quality factors, offer a powerful mechanism for enhancing light–matter interactions. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a universal strategy to construct and merge two types of BICs in a compact metallic rectangular waveguide-cuboid resonator system in the microwave regime. Leveraging the high-<span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/384aab40-cc5d-4587-a0b1-6e76613bb554/lpor70971-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"252\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/lpor70971-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper Q\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:18638880:media:lpor70971:lpor70971-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/lpor70971-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper Q\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">Q</mi>$Q$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> quasi-BICs, a sensitivity-tunable complex permittivity sensor is developed, with sensing sensitivity adjustable through waveguide-resonator structural parameters. A first-principles analysis establishes a quantitative relationship between the transmission coefficient and the material's complex permittivity, enabling simultaneous extraction of the real part and loss tangent. The sensor's accuracy is validated using commercial microwave dielectric substrates with well-defined permittivities, and its tunable sensitivity is further confirmed through cross-check experiments. Compared with representative microwave permittivity sensors, the proposed approach achieves over 90% improvement in frequency detection resolution and nearly fivefold enhancement in normalized sensitivity. Benefiting from its ultrahigh quality factor, tunable sensitivity, and first-principles-guided design, the sensor can be extended to different frequencies and structural configurations, while allowing convenient sample replacement. These features make it highly suitable for RF substrate characterization, laboratory-scale material screening, and other high-sensitivity microwave sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrahigh-energy radiations, including X-rays, electrons and protons exceeding 1 MeV, are prevalent in various field, including radiation therapy, astronomy, high-energy physics and nuclear power plants. However, their detection remains challenging owing to low interaction cross-sections, and even when interactions occur, radiation-induced atomic displacements lead to severe material damage, compromising both the sensitivity and stability of current detectors. Here we report a design principle of lattice-anchoring-enhanced dynamic repair in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites for simultaneous boosting the sensitivity and stability. Leveraging this approach, the FA0.9Cs0.1PbBr3 single-crystal detector achieves high sensitivity of 165.6 μC mGy−1 cm−3 and high radiation stability against high-fluence 6-MeV X-rays (6.4 × 1011 photons cm−2) and 1.2-MeV electrons (6 × 1016 electrons cm−2). The assembled miniature, implantable detector enables precise, real-time dose monitoring, significantly improving the safety and efficacy of cancer treatments. This work advances the development of high-end semiconductors for diverse high-energy applications, from medical therapy to aerospace electronics, wearable electronics, space photovoltaics and nuclear technology.
{"title":"Highly sensitive and stable perovskite detector for ultrahigh-energy radiations via dynamic repair regulation","authors":"Hang Yin, Haodi Wu, Yang Zhang, Fei Liu, Qi Bai, Shuwen Yan, Tong Jin, Jincong Pang, Yuting Gao, Qinghao Ling, Kan-Hao Xue, Chongqin Zhu, Luying Li, Ziling Zhou, Zhen Li, Zhiping Zheng, Ling Xu, Qian Chu, Jiang Tang, Guangda Niu","doi":"10.1038/s41566-026-01849-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-026-01849-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrahigh-energy radiations, including X-rays, electrons and protons exceeding 1 MeV, are prevalent in various field, including radiation therapy, astronomy, high-energy physics and nuclear power plants. However, their detection remains challenging owing to low interaction cross-sections, and even when interactions occur, radiation-induced atomic displacements lead to severe material damage, compromising both the sensitivity and stability of current detectors. Here we report a design principle of lattice-anchoring-enhanced dynamic repair in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites for simultaneous boosting the sensitivity and stability. Leveraging this approach, the FA0.9Cs0.1PbBr3 single-crystal detector achieves high sensitivity of 165.6 μC mGy−1 cm−3 and high radiation stability against high-fluence 6-MeV X-rays (6.4 × 1011 photons cm−2) and 1.2-MeV electrons (6 × 1016 electrons cm−2). The assembled miniature, implantable detector enables precise, real-time dose monitoring, significantly improving the safety and efficacy of cancer treatments. This work advances the development of high-end semiconductors for diverse high-energy applications, from medical therapy to aerospace electronics, wearable electronics, space photovoltaics and nuclear technology.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":35.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140253
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The first results of K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post"> ± </ce:sup> production at midrapidity (|<ce:italic>y</ce:italic>| < 0.5) in pp collisions at <mml:math altimg="si2.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mspace width="0.33em"></mml:mspace><mml:mo linebreak="goodbreak">=</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="0.33em"></mml:mspace><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> TeV as a function of the event multiplicity are presented. The K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post"> ± </ce:sup> has been reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K<mml:math altimg="si5.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>892</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="0.33em"></mml:mspace><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mspace width="0.33em"></mml:mspace><mml:mo linebreak="goodbreak">+</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="0.33em"></mml:mspace><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> using the ALICE detector at the LHC. For each multiplicity class, the differential transverse momentum (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">T</ce:inf>) spectrum, the mean transverse momentum ⟨<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">T</ce:inf>⟩, the <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">T</ce:inf>-integrated yield (d<ce:italic>N</ce:italic>/d<ce:italic>y</ce:italic>), and the ratio of the K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post"> ± </ce:sup> to <mml:math altimg="si3.svg"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> yields are reported. These are consistent with previous K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post">0</ce:sup> resonance results with a higher level of precision. Comparisons with phenomenological models such as PYTHIA6, PYTHIA8, EPOS-LHC, and DIPSY are also discussed. For the first time, a significant K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post"> ± </ce:sup>/<mml:math altimg="si3.svg"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> suppression in pp collisions is observed at a 7<ce:italic>σ</ce:italic> level passing from low to high multiplicity events. The ratios of the <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">T</ce:inf>-differential yields of K*(892)<ce:sup loc="post"> ± </ce:sup> and <mml:math altimg="si3.svg"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> in high and low multiplicity events are also presented along with their double ratio. For <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc="post">T</ce:inf> ≲ 2 GeV/<ce:italic>c</ce:italic>
{"title":"Multiplicity dependence of K*(892) ± production in pp collisions at [formula omitted] TeV","authors":"The ALICE Collaboration, I.J. Abualrob, S. Acharya, G. Aglieri Rinella, L. Aglietta, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, I. Ahuja, Zul Akbar, A. Akindinov, V. Akishina, M. Al-Turany, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H.M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, B. Ali, A. Alici, A. Alkin, J. Alme, G. Alocco, T. Alt, A.R. Altamura, I. Altsybeev, C. Andrei, N. Andreou, A. Andronic, E. Andronov, V. Anguelov, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, N. Apadula, H. Appelsh, C. Arata, S. Arcelli, R. Arnaldi, J. G M C A Arneiro, I.C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, D. Averyanov, M.D. Azmi, H. Baba, A. R J Babu, A. Badal, J. Bae, Y. Bae, Y.W. Baek, X. Bai, R. Bailhache, Y. Bailung, R. Bala, A. Baldisseri, B. Balis, S. Bangalia, Z. Banoo, V. Barbasova, F. Barile, L. Barioglio, M. Barlou, B. Barman, G.G. Barnaf, L.S. Barnby, E. Barreau, V. Barret, L. Barreto, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, N. Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, D. Battistini, B. Batyunya, D. Bauri, J.L. Bazo Alba, I.G. Bearden, P. Becht, D. Behera, S. Behera, I. Belikov, V.D. Bella, F. Bellini, R. Bellwied, S. Belokurova, L. G E Beltran, Y. A V Beltran, G. Bencedi, A. Bensaoula, S. Beole, Y. Berdnikov, A. Berdnikova, L. Bergmann, L. Bernardinis, L. Betev, P.P. Bhaduri, T. Bhalla, A. Bhasin, B. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhattarai, L. Bianchi, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, A. Bilandzic, A. Binoy, G. Biro, S. Biswas, D. Blau, M.B. Blidaru, N. Bluhme, C. Blume, F. Bock, T. Bodova, J. Bok, L. Boldizsár, M. Bombara, P.M. Bond, G. Bonomi, H. Borel, A. Borissov, A.G. Borquez Carcamo, E. Botta, Y. E M Bouziani, D.C. Brandibur, L. Bratrud, P. Braun-Munzinger, M. Bregant, M. Broz, G.E. Bruno, V.D. Buchakchiev, M.D. Buckland, D. Budnikov, H. Buesching, S. Bufalino, P. Buhler, N. Burmasov, Z. Buthelezi, A. Bylinkin, C. Carr, J.C. Cabanillas Noris, M. F T Cabrera, H. Caines, A. Caliva, E. Calvo Villar, J. M M Camacho, P. Camerini, M.T. Camerlingo, F. D M Canedo, S. Cannito, S.L. Cantway, M. Carabas, F. Carnesecchi, L. A D Carvalho, J. Castillo Castellanos, M. Castoldi, F. Catalano, S. Cattaruzzi, R. Cerri, I. Chakaberia, P. Chakraborty, J. W O Chan, S. Chandra, S. Chapeland, M. Chartier, S. Chattopadhay, M. Chen, T. Cheng, C. Cheshkov, D. Chiappara, V. Chibante Barroso, D.D. Chinellato, F. Chinu, E.S. Chizzali, J. Cho, S. Cho, P. Chochula, Z.A. Chochulska, P. Christakoglou, C.H. Christensen, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, M. Ciacco, C. Cicalo, G. Cimador, F. Cindolo, M.R. Ciupek, G. Clai, F. Colamaria, J.S. Colburn, D. Colella, A. Colelli, M. Colocci, M. Concas, G. Conesa Balbastre, Z. Conesa del Valle, G. Contin, J.G. Contreras, M.L. Coquet, P. Cortese, M.R. Cosentino, F. Costa, S. Costanza, P. Crochet, M.M. Czarnynoga, A. Dainese, G. Dange, M.C. Danisch, A. Danu, P. Das, S. Das, A.R. Dash, S. Dash, A. De Caro, G. De Cataldo, J. De Cuveland, A. De Falco, D. De Gruttola, N. De Marco, C. De Martin, S. De Pasquale, R. Deb, R. Del Grande, L. Dello Stritto, G. G A De Souza, P. Dhankher, D. Di Bari, M. Di Costanzo, A. Di Mauro, B. Di Ruzza, B. Diab, Y. Ding, J. Ditzel, R. Divi, ø Djuvsland, U. Dmitrieva, A. Dobrin, B. Dönigus, L. Döpper, J.M. Dubinski, A. Dubla, P. Dupieux, N. Dzalaiova, T.M. Eder, R.J. Ehlers, F. Eisenhut, R. Ejima, D. Elia, B. Erazmus, F. Ercolessi, B. Espagnon, G. Eulisse, D. Evans, S. Evdokimov, L. Fabbietti, M. Faggin, J. Faivre, F. Fan, W. Fan, T. Fang, A. Fantoni, M. Fasel, G. Feofilov, A. Fernández Téllez, L. Ferrandi, M.B. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, C. Ferrero, A. Ferretti, V. J G Feuillard, D. Finogeev, F.M. Fionda, A.N. Flores, S. Foertsch, I. Fokin, S. Fokin, U. Follo, R. Forynski, E. Fragiacomo, E. Frajna, H. Fribert, U. Fuchs, N. Funicello, C. Furget, A. Furs, T. Fusayasu, J.J. Gaardhøje, M. Gagliardi, A.M. Gago, T. Gahlaut, C.D. Galvan, S. Gami, D.R. Gangadharan, P. Ganoti, C. Garabatos, J.M. Garcia, T. García Chávez, E. Garcia-Solis, S. Garetti, C. Gargiulo, P. Gasik, H.M. Gaur, A. Gautam, M. B Gay Ducati, M. Germain, R.A. Gernhaeuser, C. Ghosh, M. Giacalone, G. Gioachin, S.K. Giri, P. Giubellino, P. Giubilato, P. Gl, E. Glimos, V. Gonzalez, P. Gordeev, M. Gorgon, K. Goswami, S. Gotovac, V. Grabski, L.K. Graczykowski, E. Grecka, A. Grelli, C. Grigoras, V. Grigoriev, S. Grigoryan, O.S. Groettvik, F. Grosa, J.F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, R. Grosso, D. Grund, N.A. Grunwald, R. Guernane, M. Guilbaud, K. Gulbrandsen, J.K. Gumprecht, T. Gündem, T. Gunji, J. Guo, W. Guo, A. Gupta, R. Gupta, R. Gupta, K. Gwizdziel, L. Gyulai, C. Hadjidakis, F.U. Haider, S. Haidlova, M. Haldar, H. Hamagaki, Y. Han, B.G. Hanley, R. Hannigan, J. Hansen, J.W. Harris, A. Harton, M.V. Hartung, H. Hassan, D. Hatzifotiadou, P. Hauer, L.B. Havener, E. Hellb, H. Helstrup, M. Hemmer, T. Herman, S.G. Hernandez, G. Herrera Corral, K.F. Hetland, B. Heybeck, H. Hillemanns, B. Hippolyte, I. P M Hobus, F.W. Hoffmann, B. Hofman, M. Horst, A. Horzyk, Y. Hou, P. Hristov, P. Huhn, L.M. Huhta, T.J. Humanic, V. Humlova, A. Hutson, D. Hutter, M.C. Hwang, R. Ilkaev, M. Inaba, M. Ippolitov, A. Isakov, T. Isidori, M.S. Islam, S. Iurchenko, M. Ivanov, M. Ivanov, V. Ivanov, K.E. Iversen, J.G. Kim, M. Jablonski, B. Jacak, N. Jacazio, P.M. Jacobs, S. Jadlovska, J. Jadlovsky, S. Jaelani, C. Jahnke, M.J. Jakubowska, D.M. Janik, M.A. Janik, S. Ji, S. Jia, T. Jiang, A. A P Jimenez, S. Jin, F. Jonas, D.M. Jones, J.M. Jowett, J. Jung, M. Jung, A. Junique, A. Jusko, J. Kaewjai, P. Kalinak, A. Kalweit, A. Karasu Uysal, N. Karatzenis, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, E. Karpechev, M.J. Karwowska, U. Kebschull, M. Keil, B. Ketzer, J. Keul, S.S. Khade, A.M. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, Y. Kharlov, A. Khatun, A. Khuntia, Z. Khuranova, B. Kileng, B. Kim, C. Kim, D.J. Kim, D. Kim, E.J. Kim, G. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kim, T. Kim, K. Kimura, S. Kirsch, I. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kisiel, J.L. Klay, J. Klein, S. Klein, C. Klein-B”osing, M. Kleiner, A. Kluge, C. Kobdaj, R. Kohara, T. Kollegger, A. Kondratyev, N. Kondratyeva, J. Konig, P.J. Konopka, G. Kornakov, M. Korwieser, S.D. Koryciak, C. Koster, A. Kotliarov, N. Kovacic, V. Kovalenko, M. Kowalski, V. Kozhuharov, G. Kozlov, I. Králik, A. Kravčáková, L. Krcal, M. Krivda, F. Krizek, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, C. Krug, E. Kryshen, V. Kučera, C. Kuhn, T. Kumaoka, D. Kumar, L. Kumar, N. Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Kundu, M. Kuo, P. Kurashvili, A.B. Kurepin, S. Kurita, A. Kuryakin, S. Kushpil, V. Kuskov, M. Kutyla, A. Kuznetsov, M.J. Kweon, Y. Kwon, S. L La Pointe, P. La Rocca, A. Lakrathok, M. Lamanna, S. Lambert, A.R. Landou, R. Langoy, P. Larionov, E. Laudi, L. Lautner, R. A N Laveaga, R. Lavicka, R. Lea, H. Lee, I. Legrand, G. Legras, A.M. Lejeune, T.M. Lelek, R.C. Lemmon, I. León Monzón, M.M. Lesch, P. Lévai, M. Li, P. Li, X. Li, B.E. Liang-Gilman, J. Lien, R. Lietava, I. Likmeta, B. Lim, H. Lim, S.H. Lim, S. Lin, V. Lindenstruth, C. Lippmann, D. Liskova, D.H. Liu, J. Liu, G. S S Liveraro, I.M. Lofnes, C. Loizides, S. 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Rui, P.G. Russek, R. Russo, A. Rustamov, E. Ryabinkin, Y. Ryabov, A. Rybicki, L. C V Ryder, J. Ryu, W. Rzesa, B. Sabiu, S. Sadhu, S. Sadovsky, J. Saetre, S. Saha, B. Sahoo, R. Sahoo, D. Sahu, P.K. Sahu, J. Saini, K. Sajdakova, S. Sakai, S. Sambyal, D. Samitz, I. Sanna, T.B. Saramela, D. Sarkar, P. Sarma, V. Sarritzu, V.M. Sarti, M. H P Sas, S. Sawan, E. Scapparone, J. Schambach, H.S. Scheid, C. Schiaua, R. Schicker, F. Schlepper, A. Schmah, C. Schmidt, M.O. Schmidt, M. Schmidt, N.V. Schmidt, A.R. Schmier, J. Schoengarth, R. Schotter, A. Schr, J. Schukraft, K. Schweda, G. Scioli, E. Scomparin, J.E. Seger, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sekihata, M. Selina, I. Selyuzhenkov, S. Senyukov, J.J. Seo, D. Serebryakov, L. Serkin, L. Šerkšnytė, A. Sevcenco, T.J. Shaba, A. Shabetai, R. Shahoyan, A. Shangaraev, B. Sharma, D. Sharma, H. Sharma, M. Sharma, S. Sharma, T. Sharma, U. Sharma, A. Shatat, O. Sheibani, K. Shigaki, M. Shimomura, S. Shirinkin, Q. Shou, Y. Sibiriak, S. Siddhanta, T. Siemiarczuk, T.F. Silva, D. Silvermyr, T. Simantathammakul, R. Simeonov, B. Singh, B. Singh, K. Singh, R. Singh, R. Singh, S. Singh, V.K. Singh, V. Singhal, T. Sinha, B. Sitar, M. Sitta, T.B. Skaali, G. Skorodumovs, N. Smirnov, R. J M Snellings, E.H. Solheim, C. Sonnabend, J.M. Sonneveld, F. Soramel, A.B. Soto-Hernandez, R. Spijkers, I. Sputowska, J. Staa, J. Stachel, I. Stan, T. Stellhorn, S.F. Stiefelmaier, D. Stocco, I. Storehaug, N.J. Strangmann, P. Stratmann, S. Strazzi, A. Sturniolo, C.P. Stylianidis, A. A P Suaide, C. Suire, A. Suiu, M. Sukhanov, M. Suljic, R. Sultanov, V. Sumberia, S. Sumowidagdo, L.H. Tabares, S.F. Taghavi, J. Takahashi, G.J. Tambave, Z. Tang, J. Tanwar, J.D. Tapia Takaki, N. Tapus, L.A. Tarasovicova, M.G. Tarzila, A. Tauro, A. Tavira García, G. Tejeda Muñoz, L. Terlizzi, C. Terrevoli, D. Thakur, S. Thakur, M. Thogersen, D. Thomas, A. Tikhonov, N. Tiltmann, A.R. Timmins, A. Toia, R. Tokumoto, S. Tomassini, K. Tomohiro, N. Topilskaya, M. Toppi, V.V. Torres, A. Trifiró, T. Triloki, A.S. Triolo, S. Tripathy, T. Tripathy, S. Trogolo, V. Trubnikov, W.H. Trzaska, T.P. Trzcinski, C. Tsolanta, R. Tu, A. Tumkin, R. Turrisi, T.S. Tveter, K. Ullaland, B. Ulukutlu, S. Upadhyaya, A. Uras, M. Urioni, G.L. Usai, M. Vaid, M. Vala, N. Valle, L. V R Van Doremalen, M. Van Leeuwen, C.A. Van Veen, R. J G Van Weelden, D. Varga, Z. Varga, P. Vargas Torres, M. Vasileiou, A. Vasiliev, O. Vázquez Doce, O. Vazquez Rueda, V. Vechernin, P. Veen, E. Vercellin, R. Verma, R. Vértesi, M. Verweij, L. Vickovic, Z. Vilakazi, O. Villalobos Baillie, A. Villani, A. Vinogradov, T. Virgili, M. M O Virta, A. Vodopyanov, B. Volkel, M.A. Völkl, S.A. Voloshin, G. Volpe, B. Von Haller, I. Vorobyev, N. Vozniuk, J. Vrláková, J. Wan, C. Wang, D. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Wegrzynek, F. Weiglhofer, S.C. Wenzel, J.P. Wessels, P.K. Wiacek, J. Wiechula, J. Wikne, G. Wilk, J. Wilkinson, G.A. Willems, B. Windelband, M. Winn, J. Witte, M. Wojnar, J.R. Wright, C.-T Wu, W. Wu, Y. Wu, K. Xiong, Z. Xiong, L. Xu, R. Xu, A. Yadav, A.K. Yadav, Y. Yamaguchi, S. Yang, S. Yang, S. Yano, E.R. Yeats, J. Yi, R. Yin, Z. Yin, I.-K Yoo, J.H. Yoon, H. Yu, S. Yuan, A. Yuncu, V. Zaccolo, C. Zampolli, F. Zanone, N. Zardoshti, P. Závada, M. Zhalov, B. Zhang, C. Zhang, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, M. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, M. Zhao, V. Zherebchevskii, Y. Zhi, D. Zhou, Y. Zhou, J. Zhu, S. Zhu, Y. Zhu, S.C. Zugravel, N. Zurlo","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140253","url":null,"abstract":"The first results of K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\"> ± </ce:sup> production at midrapidity (|<ce:italic>y</ce:italic>| < 0.5) in pp collisions at <mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mspace width=\"0.33em\"></mml:mspace><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\">=</mml:mo><mml:mspace width=\"0.33em\"></mml:mspace><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> TeV as a function of the event multiplicity are presented. The K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\"> ± </ce:sup> has been reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K<mml:math altimg=\"si5.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>892</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mspace width=\"0.33em\"></mml:mspace><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mspace width=\"0.33em\"></mml:mspace><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\">+</mml:mo><mml:mspace width=\"0.33em\"></mml:mspace><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> using the ALICE detector at the LHC. For each multiplicity class, the differential transverse momentum (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf>) spectrum, the mean transverse momentum ⟨<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf>⟩, the <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf>-integrated yield (d<ce:italic>N</ce:italic>/d<ce:italic>y</ce:italic>), and the ratio of the K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\"> ± </ce:sup> to <mml:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> yields are reported. These are consistent with previous K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\">0</ce:sup> resonance results with a higher level of precision. Comparisons with phenomenological models such as PYTHIA6, PYTHIA8, EPOS-LHC, and DIPSY are also discussed. For the first time, a significant K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\"> ± </ce:sup>/<mml:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> suppression in pp collisions is observed at a 7<ce:italic>σ</ce:italic> level passing from low to high multiplicity events. The ratios of the <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf>-differential yields of K*(892)<ce:sup loc=\"post\"> ± </ce:sup> and <mml:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> in high and low multiplicity events are also presented along with their double ratio. For <ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf> ≲ 2 GeV/<ce:italic>c</ce:italic>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02139-8
Yuhui Zhuang, Juan Wu, Siyu Li, Yi Hu, Zhigang Chen, Jingjun Xu
Non-reciprocal interactions, featured with an asymmetric relation between action and reaction, underpin exotic phenomena across living and artificial systems. Albeit extensively studied, they have been largely underexplored in nonlinear interactions of waves. In this work, we report an unusual impulse-momentum relationship for an optical solitary wave whose internal interactions are non-reciprocal. The solitary wave gains either an enhanced or a reversed momentum relative to an impulse that is applied to one of its two components. In the regime where the solitary wave is not broken down, the impulse-momentum relationship is found to be linear, yet its slope is unusual - either exceeding one or even being negative. Our results may initiate more fundamental considerations related to non-reciprocal wave interactions that are useful for designing novel non-Hermitian devices. We report an unusual impulse-momentum relationship for an optical solitary wave whose internal interactions are non-reciprocal. An enhanced or even a reversed momentum compared to an impulse is gained.
{"title":"Unusual impulse-momentum relationship in non-reciprocal light interactions.","authors":"Yuhui Zhuang, Juan Wu, Siyu Li, Yi Hu, Zhigang Chen, Jingjun Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02139-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02139-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-reciprocal interactions, featured with an asymmetric relation between action and reaction, underpin exotic phenomena across living and artificial systems. Albeit extensively studied, they have been largely underexplored in nonlinear interactions of waves. In this work, we report an unusual impulse-momentum relationship for an optical solitary wave whose internal interactions are non-reciprocal. The solitary wave gains either an enhanced or a reversed momentum relative to an impulse that is applied to one of its two components. In the regime where the solitary wave is not broken down, the impulse-momentum relationship is found to be linear, yet its slope is unusual - either exceeding one or even being negative. Our results may initiate more fundamental considerations related to non-reciprocal wave interactions that are useful for designing novel non-Hermitian devices. We report an unusual impulse-momentum relationship for an optical solitary wave whose internal interactions are non-reciprocal. An enhanced or even a reversed momentum compared to an impulse is gained.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146149712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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