Ultrafast dynamic wavefront control is pivotal for advancing photonics applications in LiDAR, high-resolution imaging, and quantum information processing. Conventional wavefront control techniques, such as mechanical beam steering and liquid-crystal-based modulators, are limited by slow response times and bulky configurations, making them unsuitable for high-speed, on-chip applications. In this work, we propose a graphene-based phase-gradient metasurface that leverages hot-electron dynamics for tunable, ultrafast wavefront control in the mid-infrared regime. By precisely modulating the electron temperature in graphene with femtosecond laser pulses, our device achieves real-time beam steering with a maximum reflection angle shift of 21° within 104 fs, as well as dual-focal length switching. The device demonstrates high reflectivity, continuous 2π phase modulation, and an achromatic response over a substantial bandwidth, making it a robust solution for high-speed optical encoding and adaptive optics. This graphene-based platform provides a compact, reconfigurable solution that overcomes the limitations of traditional and emerging approaches, establishing a foundation for next-generation integrated photonics systems.
{"title":"Ultrafast dynamic mid-infrared beam steering via hot-electron modulation in graphene metasurfaces","authors":"Qinghua Qin, Leijun Xu, Yiming Yu, Ziying Li, Shuguang Zhu, Zexing Zheng, Huishan Ma, Yu Qian, Jiale He, Weiwei Tang, Guanhai Li, Xiaoshuang Chen","doi":"10.1063/5.0249898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249898","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast dynamic wavefront control is pivotal for advancing photonics applications in LiDAR, high-resolution imaging, and quantum information processing. Conventional wavefront control techniques, such as mechanical beam steering and liquid-crystal-based modulators, are limited by slow response times and bulky configurations, making them unsuitable for high-speed, on-chip applications. In this work, we propose a graphene-based phase-gradient metasurface that leverages hot-electron dynamics for tunable, ultrafast wavefront control in the mid-infrared regime. By precisely modulating the electron temperature in graphene with femtosecond laser pulses, our device achieves real-time beam steering with a maximum reflection angle shift of 21° within 104 fs, as well as dual-focal length switching. The device demonstrates high reflectivity, continuous 2π phase modulation, and an achromatic response over a substantial bandwidth, making it a robust solution for high-speed optical encoding and adaptive optics. This graphene-based platform provides a compact, reconfigurable solution that overcomes the limitations of traditional and emerging approaches, establishing a foundation for next-generation integrated photonics systems.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pham Nam Hai, Ken Takabayashi, Kota Ejiri, Masaaki Tanaka
Narrow-gap Fe-doped III–V ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSs), such as (In,Fe)Sb, (Ga,Fe)Sb, and (In,Fe)Sb, are promising candidates for active semiconductor spintronic devices thanks to their high Curie temperature (TC). In this work, we show that by growing (Ga,Fe)Sb thin films by the step-flow mode on vicinal GaAs (100) substrates with a high off-angle of 10°, we can achieve high-quality (Ga0.76,Fe0.24)Sb FMS with TC as high as 470–530 K, which are the highest TC reported so far for FMSs. The magnetic moment of Fe atoms in our sample reaches 4.5 μB/atom, which is close to the ideal magnetic moment of substitutional Fe3+ atoms (5 μB/atom) in a zinc blende crystal structure, and is twice that of α-Fe metal. Our work establishes a growth technique of very high TC FMSs for room-temperature semiconductor spintronic devices.
{"title":"Very high Curie temperature (470–530 K) in (Ga,Fe)Sb ferromagnetic semiconductor grown by step-flow mode on vicinal GaAs substrates","authors":"Pham Nam Hai, Ken Takabayashi, Kota Ejiri, Masaaki Tanaka","doi":"10.1063/5.0227990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0227990","url":null,"abstract":"Narrow-gap Fe-doped III–V ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSs), such as (In,Fe)Sb, (Ga,Fe)Sb, and (In,Fe)Sb, are promising candidates for active semiconductor spintronic devices thanks to their high Curie temperature (TC). In this work, we show that by growing (Ga,Fe)Sb thin films by the step-flow mode on vicinal GaAs (100) substrates with a high off-angle of 10°, we can achieve high-quality (Ga0.76,Fe0.24)Sb FMS with TC as high as 470–530 K, which are the highest TC reported so far for FMSs. The magnetic moment of Fe atoms in our sample reaches 4.5 μB/atom, which is close to the ideal magnetic moment of substitutional Fe3+ atoms (5 μB/atom) in a zinc blende crystal structure, and is twice that of α-Fe metal. Our work establishes a growth technique of very high TC FMSs for room-temperature semiconductor spintronic devices.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.134.162302
Tatsuya Wada, Masakiyo Kitazawa, Kazuyuki Kanaya
We propose a method to numerically determine the location of a critical point in general systems using the finite-size scaling of Lee-Yang zeros. This method makes use of the fact that the ratios of Lee-Yang zeros on various spatial volumes intersect at the critical point. While the method is similar to the Binder-cumulant analysis, it is advantageous in suppressing the finite-volume effects arising from the mixing of variables in general systems. We show that the method works successfully for numerically locating the critical point in the three-dimensional three-state Potts model with a nonzero external field. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Locating Critical Points Using Ratios of Lee-Yang Zeros","authors":"Tatsuya Wada, Masakiyo Kitazawa, Kazuyuki Kanaya","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.162302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.162302","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a method to numerically determine the location of a critical point in general systems using the finite-size scaling of Lee-Yang zeros. This method makes use of the fact that the ratios of Lee-Yang zeros on various spatial volumes intersect at the critical point. While the method is similar to the Binder-cumulant analysis, it is advantageous in suppressing the finite-volume effects arising from the mixing of variables in general systems. We show that the method works successfully for numerically locating the critical point in the three-dimensional three-state Potts model with a nonzero external field. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jheap.2025.100389
Y. Sekhmani , S. Zare , L.M. Nieto , H. Hassanabadi , K. Boshkayev
By implementing the concept of polytropic structures as a scalar field gas with a dark energy-like behavior, we obtain a static spherically symmetric black hole solution in the framework of general relativity. In this paper, we study the quasinormal modes, the greybody bound process, the shadow behaviors, and the sparsity of black holes with a surrounding polytropic scalar field gas. Using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approach, we evaluate the impact of a particular set of polytropic parameters with a fixed setting of the polytropic index n on the oscillation frequency and damping rate of gravitational waves. The results show that the effect of the parameter ξ is much less significant than that of the parameter A on the gravitational waves oscillation frequency and damping rate. Furthermore, the analysis of the greybody factor bounds reveals special insight into the effect of certain parameters where the multipole moments l and the polytropic index n have similar effects, in contrast to the pair of polytropic parameters (). In light of such a comparative study, we investigate, on the other hand, the third-order Padé WKB method, which results in a more accurate process for quasinormal mode frequencies compared to the third-order standard WKB method. In this way, exploring the sparsity of Hawking radiation is another task that provides a better understanding of the behavior of the black hole solution. In this respect, the results show that the black hole behaves like blackbody radiation for a sufficiently large entropy. And for , the relevant sparsity acts exactly like the Schwarzschild sparsity. These results provide an insight into the dynamics of black holes with a surrounding polytropic scalar field gas from the analysis of their quasinormal modes, greybody factors, shadow behaviors, energy emission rate and sparsity process. Constraints on the associated BH parameters, derived from the Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87* and Sgr A*, indicate that this black hole model stands as a compelling candidate for representing astrophysical black holes.
{"title":"Black holes immersed in polytropic scalar field gas","authors":"Y. Sekhmani , S. Zare , L.M. Nieto , H. Hassanabadi , K. Boshkayev","doi":"10.1016/j.jheap.2025.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jheap.2025.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By implementing the concept of polytropic structures as a scalar field gas with a dark energy-like behavior, we obtain a static spherically symmetric black hole solution in the framework of general relativity. In this paper, we study the quasinormal modes, the greybody bound process, the shadow behaviors, and the sparsity of black holes with a surrounding polytropic scalar field gas. Using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approach, we evaluate the impact of a particular set of polytropic parameters <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>ξ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> with a fixed setting of the polytropic index <em>n</em> on the oscillation frequency and damping rate of gravitational waves. The results show that the effect of the parameter <em>ξ</em> is much less significant than that of the parameter <em>A</em> on the gravitational waves oscillation frequency and damping rate. Furthermore, the analysis of the greybody factor bounds reveals special insight into the effect of certain parameters where the multipole moments <em>l</em> and the polytropic index <em>n</em> have similar effects, in contrast to the pair of polytropic parameters (<span><math><mi>ξ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>A</mi></math></span>). In light of such a comparative study, we investigate, on the other hand, the third-order Padé WKB method, which results in a more accurate process for quasinormal mode frequencies compared to the third-order standard WKB method. In this way, exploring the sparsity of Hawking radiation is another task that provides a better understanding of the behavior of the black hole solution. In this respect, the results show that the black hole behaves like blackbody radiation for a sufficiently large entropy. And for <span><math><mi>ξ</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span>, the relevant sparsity acts exactly like the Schwarzschild sparsity. These results provide an insight into the dynamics of black holes with a surrounding polytropic scalar field gas from the analysis of their quasinormal modes, greybody factors, shadow behaviors, energy emission rate and sparsity process. Constraints on the associated BH parameters, derived from the Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87* and Sgr A*, indicate that this black hole model stands as a compelling candidate for representing astrophysical black holes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Astrophysics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00227
Jinsong Zhang, Renjie Zhou, Nicholas X. Fang, Weijie Deng, Jinlong Zhu, Shiyuan Liu
The localization and classification of deep-subwavelength objects embedded in dense background nanopatterns in an imaging mode are challenging because of the optical diffraction limit and the weak signal-to-noise ratio and contrast. In this work, we, for the first time, experimentally validated the proposed conjugate structured illumination microscopy (c-SIM), which utilizes optical proximity correction techniques to generate a wide-field, diffraction-limited, and structured illumination field on the sample surface for defect inspection. Our experiments validated that c-SIM could accurately inspect 29 nm wide defects with an enhanced resolution (half of the diffraction barrier) using a 423 nm laser source. Moreover, our investigation demonstrated that different types of 38 nm wide defects could be precisely pinpointed and directly classified from the captured frames in the lateral scanning process, which is attributed to the fact that a conjugate structured light field could induce a high-intensity gradient in the illumination light. This technology may find diverse applications, such as a patterned wafer defect inspection, photomask inspection, material characterization, metamaterial inspection, and nanosensing.
{"title":"Experimental Demonstration of Conjugate Structured Illumination Microscopy (c-SIM) for Sensing Deep Subwavelength Perturbations in Background Nanopatterns","authors":"Jinsong Zhang, Renjie Zhou, Nicholas X. Fang, Weijie Deng, Jinlong Zhu, Shiyuan Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00227","url":null,"abstract":"The localization and classification of deep-subwavelength objects embedded in dense background nanopatterns in an imaging mode are challenging because of the optical diffraction limit and the weak signal-to-noise ratio and contrast. In this work, we, for the first time, experimentally validated the proposed conjugate structured illumination microscopy (c-SIM), which utilizes optical proximity correction techniques to generate a wide-field, diffraction-limited, and structured illumination field on the sample surface for defect inspection. Our experiments validated that c-SIM could accurately inspect 29 nm wide defects with an enhanced resolution (half of the diffraction barrier) using a 423 nm laser source. Moreover, our investigation demonstrated that different types of 38 nm wide defects could be precisely pinpointed and directly classified from the captured frames in the lateral scanning process, which is attributed to the fact that a conjugate structured light field could induce a high-intensity gradient in the illumination light. This technology may find diverse applications, such as a patterned wafer defect inspection, photomask inspection, material characterization, metamaterial inspection, and nanosensing.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ze-Rui Liang, Han-Xue Chen, Feng-Kun Guo, Zhi-Hui Guo, De-Liang Yao
We calculate the nucleon mass in a manifestly relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory up to the leading two-loop order. Through dimensional counting analysis, we perform the chiral expansion and verify the validity of the extended-on-mass-shell scheme at the two-loop level. As a result, we obtain the complete chiral representation of the nucleon mass up to ( mathcal{O} )(p5), which preserves the original analytic properties and satisfies the correct power counting. The obtained chiral result is well-suited for chiral extrapolation and provides an excellent description of lattice QCD data across a broad range of pion masses. We find that the ( mathcal{O} )(p5) contribution is small, approximately 10 MeV, and varies only mildly with increasing pion mass, demonstrating good convergence of the nucleon mass up to pion masses of about 350 MeV at two-loop order.
{"title":"Chiral representation of the nucleon mass at leading two-loop order","authors":"Ze-Rui Liang, Han-Xue Chen, Feng-Kun Guo, Zhi-Hui Guo, De-Liang Yao","doi":"10.1007/JHEP04(2025)192","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP04(2025)192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We calculate the nucleon mass in a manifestly relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory up to the leading two-loop order. Through dimensional counting analysis, we perform the chiral expansion and verify the validity of the extended-on-mass-shell scheme at the two-loop level. As a result, we obtain the complete chiral representation of the nucleon mass up to <span>( mathcal{O} )</span>(<i>p</i><sup>5</sup>), which preserves the original analytic properties and satisfies the correct power counting. The obtained chiral result is well-suited for chiral extrapolation and provides an excellent description of lattice QCD data across a broad range of pion masses. We find that the <span>( mathcal{O} )</span>(<i>p</i><sup>5</sup>) contribution is small, approximately 10 MeV, and varies only mildly with increasing pion mass, demonstrating good convergence of the nucleon mass up to pion masses of about 350 MeV at two-loop order.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2025 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP04(2025)192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110758
Ahmed Ramadhan Al-Obaidi
The paper presents the findings of tests to predict the start of cavitation using a variety of statistical factors generated from: the acoustic signal from a microphone near the pump outlet, and the vibration signal received from an accelerometer on the pump casing. Based on a thorough examination of a variety of statistical metrics from time and frequency and domain analysis of the signals based on FFT and CWT investigations, an evaluation of the relative benefits of the various techniques for the detection of incipient cavitation is provided. This study brings some significant new contributions to the field of condition monitoring in general and cavitation monitoring in the pump specifically, while also consolidating and validating the majority of earlier work on the subject. These contributions include the use both vibration signature analysis and acoustics for the diagnosis and detection of cavitation in pumps. The contributions also consider the use of the low frequency vibration and acoustics spectrum (10 to 2000 Hz) for cavitation monitoring in pumps.
{"title":"Experimental novel investigation of diagnostics cavitation in axial pump using vibration and acoustic measurements based on CWT and FFT analyses approaches","authors":"Ahmed Ramadhan Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents the findings of tests to predict the start of cavitation using a variety of statistical factors generated from: the acoustic signal from a microphone near the pump outlet, and the vibration signal received from an accelerometer on the pump casing. Based on a thorough examination of a variety of statistical metrics from time and frequency and domain analysis of the signals based on FFT and CWT investigations, an evaluation of the relative benefits of the various techniques for the detection of incipient cavitation is provided. This study brings some significant new contributions to the field of condition monitoring in general and cavitation monitoring in the pump specifically, while also consolidating and validating the majority of earlier work on the subject. These contributions include the use both vibration signature analysis and acoustics for the diagnosis and detection of cavitation in pumps. The contributions also consider the use of the low frequency vibration and acoustics spectrum (10 to 2000 Hz) for cavitation monitoring in pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 110758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0743
Tlek Tapani, Vincenzo Caligiuri, Yanqiu Zou, Andrea Griesi, Yurii P. Ivanov, Massimo Cuscunà, Gianluca Balestra, Haifeng Lin, Anastasiia Sapunova, Paolo Franceschini, Andrea Tognazzi, Costantino De Angelis, Giorgio Divitini, Riccardo Carzino, Hyunah Kwon, Peer Fischer, Roman Krahne, Nicolò Maccaferri, Denis Garoli
Dry synthesis is a highly versatile method for the fabrication of nanoporous metal films, since it enables easy and reproducible deposition of single or multi-layers of nanostructured materials that can find intriguing applications in plasmonics, photochemistry and photocatalysis, to name a few. Here, we extend the use of this methodology to the preparation of copper nano-islands that represent an affordable and versatile example of disordered plasmonic substrates. Although the island morphology is disordered, the high density of these nanostructures with large surface area results in a good homogeneity on a macroscale, which is beneficial for plasmonic applications such as bio-sensing and photo-catalysis. With cathodoluminescence and electron-energy-loss spectroscopies we confirm the nano-islands as sources of the local field enhancement and identify the plasmonic resonance bands in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The decay dynamics of the plasmonic signal are slower in the nano-island as compared to bulk copper films, which can be rationalized by a reduced energy dissipation in the nano-island films. Our study demonstrates a robust and lithography-free fabrication pathway to obtain nanostructured plasmonic copper substrates that represent a highly versatile low-cost alternative for future applications ranging from sensing to photochemistry and photocatalysis.
{"title":"Disordered plasmonic system with dense copper nano-island morphology","authors":"Tlek Tapani, Vincenzo Caligiuri, Yanqiu Zou, Andrea Griesi, Yurii P. Ivanov, Massimo Cuscunà, Gianluca Balestra, Haifeng Lin, Anastasiia Sapunova, Paolo Franceschini, Andrea Tognazzi, Costantino De Angelis, Giorgio Divitini, Riccardo Carzino, Hyunah Kwon, Peer Fischer, Roman Krahne, Nicolò Maccaferri, Denis Garoli","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0743","url":null,"abstract":"Dry synthesis is a highly versatile method for the fabrication of nanoporous metal films, since it enables easy and reproducible deposition of single or multi-layers of nanostructured materials that can find intriguing applications in plasmonics, photochemistry and photocatalysis, to name a few. Here, we extend the use of this methodology to the preparation of copper nano-islands that represent an affordable and versatile example of disordered plasmonic substrates. Although the island morphology is disordered, the high density of these nanostructures with large surface area results in a good homogeneity on a macroscale, which is beneficial for plasmonic applications such as bio-sensing and photo-catalysis. With cathodoluminescence and electron-energy-loss spectroscopies we confirm the nano-islands as sources of the local field enhancement and identify the plasmonic resonance bands in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The decay dynamics of the plasmonic signal are slower in the nano-island as compared to bulk copper films, which can be rationalized by a reduced energy dissipation in the nano-island films. Our study demonstrates a robust and lithography-free fabrication pathway to obtain nanostructured plasmonic copper substrates that represent a highly versatile low-cost alternative for future applications ranging from sensing to photochemistry and photocatalysis.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0634
Nicholas Rivera, Shiekh Zia Uddin, Jamison Sloan, Marin Soljačić
Nonlinear optical effects such as frequency conversion form the basis for many practical light sources. In a variety of settings, the performance of such sources is limited by quantum noise. In many nonlinear systems, this quantum noise gets strongly amplified, as a result of the large sensitivity of the nonlinear dynamics to changes in the initial conditions − a feature common to many nonlinear systems. Here, we develop a general theory of quantum noise resulting from nonlinear dynamics initiated by many-photon Gaussian quantum states. The theory provides guidelines to find the optimal quantum state to inject to maximally suppress the noise at the output. As a concrete example of the concept and theory, we consider the nonlinear optical phenomenon of supercontinuum generation by a femtosecond pulse, a famously noise-generating process, which is important in a range of applications in materials characterization and life science. By seeding supercontinuum generation with pulsed squeezed vacuum, one can achieve order-of-magnitude magnitude reduction of intensity and phase noise simultaneously, over a broad band of wavelengths, passively, and with no change in spectrum. The large magnitude and bandwidth of this effect is challenging to achieve by other means of stabilization, pointing to a promising approach for controlling quantum noise in a variety of nonlinear systems.
{"title":"Ultra-broadband and passive stabilization of ultrafast light sources by quantum light injection","authors":"Nicholas Rivera, Shiekh Zia Uddin, Jamison Sloan, Marin Soljačić","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0634","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear optical effects such as frequency conversion form the basis for many practical light sources. In a variety of settings, the performance of such sources is limited by quantum noise. In many nonlinear systems, this quantum noise gets strongly amplified, as a result of the large sensitivity of the nonlinear dynamics to changes in the initial conditions − a feature common to many nonlinear systems. Here, we develop a general theory of quantum noise resulting from nonlinear dynamics initiated by many-photon Gaussian quantum states. The theory provides guidelines to find the optimal quantum state to inject to maximally suppress the noise at the output. As a concrete example of the concept and theory, we consider the nonlinear optical phenomenon of supercontinuum generation by a femtosecond pulse, a famously noise-generating process, which is important in a range of applications in materials characterization and life science. By seeding supercontinuum generation with pulsed squeezed vacuum, one can achieve order-of-magnitude magnitude reduction of intensity and phase noise simultaneously, over a broad band of wavelengths, passively, and with no change in spectrum. The large magnitude and bandwidth of this effect is challenging to achieve by other means of stabilization, pointing to a promising approach for controlling quantum noise in a variety of nonlinear systems.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-24-1721
Vittorio D'Esposito, Giuseppe Fabiano, Domenico Frattulillo, Flavio Mercati
Motivated by the expectation that relativistic symmetries might acquire quantum features in Quantum Gravity, we take the first steps towards a theory of ''Doubly'' Quantum Mechanics, a modification of Quantum Mechanics in which the geometrical configurations of physical systems, measurement apparata, and reference frame transformations are themselves quantized and described by ''geometry'' states in a Hilbert space. We develop the formalism for spin-$frac{1}{2}$ measurements by promoting the group of spatial rotations $SU(2)$ to the quantum group $SU_q(2)$ and generalizing the axioms of Quantum Theory in a covariant way. As a consequence of our axioms, the notion of probability becomes a self-adjoint operator acting on the Hilbert space of geometry states, hence acquiring novel non-classical features. After introducing a suitable class of semi-classical geometry states, which describe near-to-classical geometrical configurations of physical systems, we find that probability measurements are affected, in these configurations, by intrinsic uncertainties stemming from the quantum properties of $SU_q(2)$. This feature translates into an unavoidable fuzziness for observers attempting to align their reference frames by exchanging qubits, even when the number of exchanged qubits approaches infinity, contrary to the standard $SU(2)$ case.
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