IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138666

Nabil Mokrani , Davney Ondzié-Pandzou , Stéphane Bernard , Jean-Claude Harge , Léo Courty

This study explores the combustion behavior of Fe/CuO thermite systems by systematically evaluating the effects of iron particle size, Fe content, porosity, and magnesium (Mg) doping. Thermite pellets were fabricated using three Fe particle size ranges (0–20 µm, 20–40 µm, and 40–80 µm) with varying Fe contents (20–70 wt%), compacted under constant pressure. Combustion performance was evaluated under a fixed single ignition condition. The addition of 2.5 wt% Mg enhanced reactivity and ensured complete and sustained combustion, particularly in compositions with coarse particles or high Fe content.

Beyond burning rate analysis, pellet porosity was measured prior to ignition, and mass changes (loss or gain) were quantified by comparing pellet mass before and after combustion. These data provided insights into the material’s conversion efficiency and the influence of ambient atmospheric oxygen on post-combustion mass variation. Combustion repeatability was verified through triplicate testing, with low standard deviations confirming experimental consistency.

The powders were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to assess particle morphology and agglomeration, while Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm elemental composition and detect potential surface oxidation or impurities. SEM/EDS observations revealed strong morphological differences between the particle size classes, directly affecting packing density and reaction uniformity.

In conclusion, combining fine Fe particles, a balanced Fe/CuO ratio, and 2.5% Mg doping produced fast, reliable, and reproducible combustion, offering promising potential for advanced thermite-based energetic applications. The resulting data set captures the complex interplay between composition, structure, and ignition behavior in Fe/CuO thermites. It serves as a robust experimental foundation for pyrotechnic laboratories and modelers working on numerical simulation, reaction front propagation, and kinetic parameter extraction in thermite systems.

本研究通过系统评价铁粒度、铁含量、孔隙度和镁（Mg）掺杂对Fe/CuO铝热剂体系燃烧行为的影响。采用不同铁含量（20-70 wt%）的三种铁粒度范围（0-20 μ m， 20-40 μ m和40-80 μ m）制备铝热剂球团，在恒压下压实。在固定的单点点火条件下对燃烧性能进行了评价。添加2.5 wt%的Mg增强了反应性，确保了完全和持续的燃烧，特别是在含有粗颗粒或高铁含量的成分中。除了燃烧速率分析之外，还在点火前测量了颗粒的孔隙率，并通过比较燃烧前后颗粒的质量来量化颗粒的质量变化（损失或增加）。这些数据为材料的转化效率和环境大气氧对燃烧后质量变化的影响提供了见解。燃烧可重复性通过三次试验验证，低标准偏差确认实验一致性。采用扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）对粉末进行了表征，分析了粉末的形貌和团聚情况，确定了粉末的元素组成，并检测了潜在的表面氧化或杂质。扫描电镜/能谱分析显示，不同粒径之间存在明显的形态差异，直接影响了填料密度和反应均匀性。综上所述，结合精细的Fe颗粒，平衡的Fe/CuO比例和2.5%的Mg掺杂可以产生快速、可靠和可重复的燃烧，为先进的基于热液的高能应用提供了广阔的潜力。所得数据集捕获了Fe/CuO铝热剂中成分、结构和点火行为之间复杂的相互作用。它是一个强大的实验基础，为烟火实验室和建模工作的数值模拟，反应前传播，和动力学参数提取在铝热剂系统。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic catalysis of biomass-derived porous carbon decorated with cobalt fluoride on the hydrogen storage properties of MgH2–NaBH4 composite 氟化钴修饰生物质源多孔碳对MgH2-NaBH4复合材料储氢性能的协同催化作用

IF 8.3 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153945

Yuanhang Wang , Meijia Liu , Tengyu Zhang , Fangong Kong , Jiaguang Zheng

Owing to the high hydrogen storage capacity (7.6 wt%), abundant resources, and environmental friendliness, magnesium hydride (MgH₂) has become one of the most widely studied solid-state hydrogen storage materials. In this study, we prepare a composite of MgH₂–NaBH₄, and then catalytically modify this MgH₂–NaBH₄ composite by using cobalt fluoride supported on biomass-derived porous carbon (CoF₂@PC). The doped composite exhibits excellent hydrogen storage capacity. It desorbs 5.04 wt% H₂ within 10 min at 300 °C and 5.06 wt% H₂ within 2 min at 350 °C. The improvement in hydrogen absorption kinetics is reflected in the rapid absorption of 5.27 wt% H₂ within 1 min at 200 °C. With a notable reduction to 92.82 kJ/mol, the dehydrogenation activation energy (Ea) is 20.6% lower than that of the pure MgH₂–NaBH₄ composite. Mechanistic analysis indicates that Mg₂Co/Mg₂CoH₅ are in situ formed during the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes, acting as a “hydrogen pump” to lower the energy barrier for hydrogen atom transportation, thus accelerating both re/dehydrogenation. Furthermore, the in situ-generated MgF₂ and NaF can serve as electron-transfer media, accelerating hydrogen diffusion. After hydrogen desorption, the generated MgB₂ exists as a stable compound, which catalyzes subsequent Mg/MgH₂ hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. Additionally, the porous carbon support promotes the high dispersion of the catalyst, thereby contributing to improved performance. This study provides new insights into improving magnesium-based composite hydrogen storage materials through the synergistic catalysis of biomass-based carbon materials and transition metal fluorides.

氢化镁（MgH2）由于其高储氢容量（7.6%）、资源丰富、环境友好等优点，已成为目前研究最广泛的固态储氢材料之一。在本研究中，我们制备了MgH2-NaBH4复合材料，然后利用生物质衍生多孔碳负载的氟化钴对MgH2-NaBH4复合材料进行了催化改性（CoF2@PC）。该掺杂复合材料表现出优异的储氢能力。在300℃下，它在10分钟内解吸5.04 wt%的H2，在350℃下，在2分钟内解吸5.06 wt%的H2。氢吸收动力学的改善体现在200℃下1 min内快速吸收5.27 wt% H2。脱氢活化能（Ea）较纯MgH2-NaBH4复合材料降低20.6%，降至92.82 kJ/mol。机理分析表明，Mg2Co/Mg2CoH5在吸氢和解吸过程中原位形成，起到“氢泵”的作用，降低氢原子输运的能垒，从而加速了re/脱氢。此外，现场生成的MgF2和NaF可以作为电子传递介质，加速氢的扩散。氢气解吸后，生成的MgB2以稳定的化合物形式存在，催化后续的Mg/MgH2加氢和脱氢。此外，多孔碳载体促进了催化剂的高度分散，从而有助于提高性能。本研究为通过生物质基碳材料和过渡金属氟化物的协同催化改进镁基复合储氢材料提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic tar cracking over calcium oxide-based bifunctional materials during biomass chemical looping gasification: Experimental and DFT approaches 生物质化学环气化过程中氧化钙基双功能材料催化焦油裂解：实验和DFT方法

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138736

Li Zou , Li Ma , Gaoming Wei , Shifeng Deng , Qinxin Zhao

The Ca-looping biomass chemical looping gasification (CaL-BCLG) process employs cyclic-chain reactions of CaO-based sorbents between the gasifier and the combustor to simultaneously enhance H₂ production and enable CO₂ capture, offering broad prospects in the clean energy sector. However, tar-induced carbon deposition on the carrier surface and pipeline blockage significantly impair the stability of CaL-BCLG for hydrogen production. Although SiO₂- or coal gangue (CG, mainly consisting of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃)-modified CCS (calcined carbide slag) sorbents previously developed by our group have shown promising CO₂ capture and hydrogen production performance, their gradual deactivation under heavy-tar conditions remains unavoidable. The underlying interactions between tar and modified sorbents, however, are still poorly understood. In this work, the effect of inert oxide doping on tar cracking performance was systematically evaluated using tar reforming tests, structural characterizations, tar component analysis, and density functional theory–based molecular dynamics simulations. SiO₂ or CG incorporation constructed more stable frameworks and preserved active sites, effectively suppressing sintering and carbon deposition. Thus, CCS-Si2 (doped with 2 wt% SiO₂) and CCS-CG5 (doped with 5 wt% CG) exhibited higher apparent tar reforming performance than pristine CCS under the tested conditions. Basic phases (Ca₂SiO₄, Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃) provided additional active sites that promoted the cracking of acidic oxygenates and the steam reforming of carbon deposits. The ·H and ·OH radicals generated via H₂O ionization were further identified as the dominant species driving tar decomposition on CaO, with ortho-position dehydrogenation serving as the rate-limiting step. Si doping enhanced the catalytic performance by modulating the electronic structure of CCS and optimizing tar adsorption; however, Si-Al interactions can partially diminish the intrinsic cracking activity of CaO sites. These insights elucidate tar–sorbent interaction mechanisms and offer design principles for high-stability CaO-based sorbents enabling efficient hydrogen production and CO₂ capture in CaL-BCLG.

ca环生物质化学环气化（CaL-BCLG）工艺通过在气化炉和燃烧室之间的cao基吸附剂的循环链反应，同时提高H2的产量并实现CO2的捕集，在清洁能源领域具有广阔的前景。然而，焦油诱导的载体表面积碳和管道堵塞严重影响了CaL-BCLG制氢的稳定性。虽然我们小组先前开发的SiO2或煤矸石（CG，主要由SiO2和Al2O3组成）改性CCS（煅烧电石渣）吸附剂已显示出良好的CO2捕集和制氢性能，但它们在重焦油条件下逐渐失活仍然是不可避免的。然而，人们对焦油和改性吸附剂之间潜在的相互作用仍然知之甚少。本文通过焦油重整实验、结构表征、焦油组分分析和基于密度泛函理论的分子动力学模拟，系统地评估了惰性氧化物掺杂对焦油裂解性能的影响。SiO2或CG的掺入构建了更稳定的骨架，保留了活性位点，有效地抑制了烧结和碳沉积。因此，在测试条件下，CCS- si2（掺杂2 wt% SiO2）和CCS- cg5（掺杂5 wt% CG）表现出比原始CCS更高的表观焦油转化性能。碱性相（Ca2SiO4, Ca12Al14O33）提供了额外的活性位点，促进了酸性氧合物的裂解和碳沉积的蒸汽重整。进一步确定H2O电离产生的·H和·OH自由基是驱动CaO上焦油分解的优势物质，而邻位脱氢是限速步骤。Si掺杂通过调节碳捕集器的电子结构和优化碳捕集器对焦油的吸附来提高碳捕集器的催化性能；然而，Si-Al相互作用会部分降低CaO位点的固有裂解活性。这些见解阐明了焦油-吸附剂的相互作用机制，并为高稳定性的cao基吸附剂提供了设计原则，从而实现了CaL-BCLG中高效的制氢和二氧化碳捕获。

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引用次数: 0

Accelerated alternating iterative identification for multiple moving vehicle loads based on Anderson acceleration with safeguard strategy 基于Anderson加速度和保障策略的多运动车辆荷载加速交替迭代辨识

IF 8.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2026.113979

Bohao Xu, Ling Yu, Zhenhua Nie

As one of the challenging topics in structural health monitoring, the identification of multiple moving vehicle loads remains largely unexplored owing to the large differences in load magnitudes. Even though a recent study introduced multiple regularization parameters (MRP) within a two-stage framework to distinguish the properties of different loads, its performance is highly sensitive to the initial estimates and deteriorates as the number of loads increases. To address this, the original two-stage work is extended into an alternating iterative framework (AIF), which iteratively updates the static load, dynamic load, and the variance of the dynamic loads. This extension follows the conclusion in the previous study that the regularization parameters chosen within the reasonable range of residual noise are close. Furthermore, Anderson acceleration is introduced only to the static load and the variance of dynamic load to enhance effectiveness. A safeguard strategy is incorporated to ensure the local convergence of the AIF. Finally, the proposed method is validated in both numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. The comparative cases under different response combinations, different numbers of loads and different initial estimates in the numerical simulations show that the proposed method achieves a higher accuracy, especially in comparison with the previous study. The SNR threshold required for maintaining reliable identification decreases from 25 dB to 20 dB, even when the noise variance is inaccurately estimated. Moreover, the weight of the model vehicle can be reasonably estimated by the proposed method in the validation of experiment.

作为结构健康监测中具有挑战性的课题之一，由于荷载大小差异较大，多运动车辆荷载的识别在很大程度上尚未得到探索。尽管最近的一项研究在两阶段框架中引入了多个正则化参数（MRP）来区分不同载荷的特性，但其性能对初始估计高度敏感，并且随着载荷数量的增加而恶化。为了解决这个问题，最初的两阶段工作被扩展为交替迭代框架（AIF），它迭代地更新静态负载、动态负载和动态负载的变化。这一扩展是基于之前研究的结论，即在残余噪声的合理范围内选择的正则化参数是接近的。此外，为了提高有效性，只对静载荷和动载荷的变化引入了安德森加速度。纳入保障策略以确保AIF的局部收敛。最后，通过数值模拟和室内实验验证了该方法的有效性。数值模拟中不同响应组合、不同荷载数和不同初始估计下的对比实例表明，该方法具有较高的精度，特别是与前人的研究结果相比。维持可靠识别所需的信噪比阈值从25 dB降低到20 dB，即使在不准确估计噪声方差的情况下也是如此。实验验证表明，该方法能合理估算模型车的重量。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring limonene combustion through laminar burning velocity measurements and Markstein length for next-generation SAFs 通过层流燃烧速度测量和新一代SAFs的Markstein长度来探索柠檬烯燃烧

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138728

Luis Fernando Marcondes Garzón Lama , Jônatas Vicente , Haussman Guimarães da Gama Leite , Vinicius Malatesta , Rene Francisco Boschi Gonçalves , Amir Antônio Martins de Oliveira Junior , Cristiane Aparecida Martins

Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) are a critical pathway for reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from the aviation sector, yet the deployment of new SAF candidates requires a robust understanding of their fundamental combustion behavior. Limonene, a renewable terpene derived from pine and citrus biomass, has emerged as a promising candidate due to its favorable energy content and bulk properties relative to conventional Jet A-1. However, despite increasing interest, fundamental premixed combustion data for limonene—particularly laminar burning velocity and flame stability parameters—remain limited. The aim of this study is to address this gap through an experimental investigation of the premixed combustion characteristics of limonene. Laminar burning velocity measurements were performed in spherical and cylindrical constant-volume reactors at atmospheric pressure and unburned-gas temperatures of 358, 398, and 438 K using Schlieren imaging. Experiments were conducted for pure limonene, the Jet A-1 surrogate fuel MURI-1, and a 70/30 (vol./vol.) MURI-1–limonene blend over equivalence ratios from 0.7 to 1.4. The results show that pure limonene exhibits high laminar burning velocities, reaching peak values of approximately 70 cm s⁻¹, exceeding those of conventional kerosene surrogates. Flame stability analysis reveals that limonene flames become increasingly sensitive to stretch under fuel-rich conditions, as indicated by decreasing Markstein length and Lewis number. Blending limonene with MURI-1 yields intermediate burning velocities and improves flame stability through increased Markstein length, despite a modest reduction in flame thickness, with enhancements of up to 8% observed under rich conditions. These findings provide new fundamental combustion data for limonene and demonstrate combustion trends consistent with other SAF candidates, supporting its potential as a viable component for future ASTM-certified sustainable aviation fuel formulations and for the development of validated chemical-kinetic models.

可持续航空燃料（SAF）是减少航空业二氧化碳（CO2）排放的关键途径，但部署新的SAF候选燃料需要对其基本燃烧行为有充分的了解。柠檬烯是一种从松树和柑橘类生物质中提取的可再生萜烯，由于其相对于传统Jet a -1具有良好的能量含量和体积特性，已成为有希望的候选材料。然而，尽管人们对柠檬烯的兴趣日益浓厚，但关于柠檬烯预混燃烧的基本数据——尤其是层流燃烧速度和火焰稳定性参数——仍然有限。本研究的目的是通过对柠檬烯预混燃烧特性的实验研究来解决这一差距。利用纹影成像技术，在常压、未燃气体温度分别为358,398和438 K的条件下，在球形和圆柱形等容反应器中测量层流燃烧速度。实验采用纯柠檬烯、Jet a -1替代燃料MURI-1和70/30 （vol./vol.）muri -1 -柠檬烯混合物的当量比为0.7至1.4。结果表明，纯柠檬烯表现出很高的层流燃烧速度，峰值约为70 cm s毒枭，超过了传统的煤油替代品。火焰稳定性分析表明，在富燃料条件下，柠檬烯火焰对拉伸越来越敏感，Markstein长度和Lewis数都在减小。将柠檬烯与MURI-1混合可以产生中等的燃烧速度，并通过增加Markstein长度来提高火焰稳定性，尽管火焰厚度略有减少，在丰富的条件下可以提高8%。这些发现为柠檬烯提供了新的基本燃烧数据，并展示了与其他SAF候选物一致的燃烧趋势，支持其作为未来astm认证的可持续航空燃料配方和开发经过验证的化学动力学模型的可行成分的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A data-mechanism-based digital twin system for intelligent contour error compensation of ultra-precision machining 一种基于数据机制的超精密加工轮廓误差智能补偿数字孪生系统

IF 8.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2026.113982

Chengyi Wu , Shijun Ji , Ji Zhao , Enzhong Zhang , Guang Yang

In the implementation of digital twin for ultra-precision machining (UPM) based on deep learning, conventional approaches suffer from limited interpretability of model and insufficient visualization capabilities. Moreover, their performance is significantly compromised by the coupling effects of multisource errors, making it difficult to achieve accurate position prediction and effective compensation. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel digital twin system which is driven by a hybrid model that integrates the Patch Time Series Transformer and multisource error coupling mechanism, and enables the visualization of the error compensation strategy. It achieves intelligent contour error compensation during machining by dynamically correcting the position commands along the trajectory. Based on an analysis of the theoretical error band arising from the multisource error coupling mechanism, the position prediction accuracy of each axis is improved through the self-supervised learning and hyperparameter fine-tuning methods. Furthermore, temporal stability is validated via time-effect analysis. Comprehensive case studies are conducted on a custom-built multi-axis ultra-precision machine tool, covering both single-axis and multi-axis motions under varying loads, feedrates, and ambient temperatures. The test results demonstrate that the proposed method improves single-axis positioning accuracy by 47.07% and multi-axis trajectory contour accuracy by 26.99%. In the micro-groove machining experiment, the compensated linear positioning error is reduced to 0.0393 μm, and the angular positioning error is 0.0013°, with the resultant cutting force indirectly reduced by up to 9.20%. The robustness and adaptability of the proposed method are validated under complex operating conditions, thereby enabling high-accuracy contour control in practical UPM applications.

在基于深度学习的数字孪生超精密加工（UPM）实现中，传统方法存在模型可解释性有限和可视化能力不足的问题。此外，多源误差的耦合影响会严重影响其性能，难以实现准确的位置预测和有效的补偿。为了解决这些限制，本文提出了一种新的数字孪生系统，该系统由集成了贴片时间序列变压器和多源误差耦合机制的混合模型驱动，并实现了误差补偿策略的可视化。通过沿轨迹动态修正位置指令，实现加工过程中轮廓误差的智能补偿。在分析多源误差耦合机制产生的理论误差带的基础上，通过自监督学习和超参数微调方法提高了各轴的位置预测精度。此外，通过时间效应分析验证了系统的时间稳定性。在定制的多轴超精密机床上进行了全面的案例研究，涵盖了不同负载、进给速度和环境温度下的单轴和多轴运动。实验结果表明，该方法可将单轴定位精度提高47.07%，将多轴轨迹轮廓精度提高26.99%。在微槽加工实验中，补偿后的直线定位误差减小到0.0393 μm，角定位误差减小到0.0013°，间接合成切削力减小了9.20%。在复杂操作条件下验证了该方法的鲁棒性和适应性，从而实现了UPM实际应用中的高精度轮廓控制。

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引用次数: 0

Single-walled carbon Nanotube-Encapsulated polyoxometalates for Wide-Range humidity PEM fuel cells 用于大范围湿度PEM燃料电池的单壁碳纳米管封装多金属氧酸盐

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138688

Chenyu Liu , Qinghao Lin , Jujia Zhang , Qin Liu , Xianglong Wan , Wentuan Bi

Reducing platinum usage and broadening the operating humidity range are crucial for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This study designed a proton-conducting composite through anchoring polyoxometalates onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (POM@SWCNT). The obtained POM@SWCNT was integrated into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) as a conductive skeleton to enhance the local proton-electron coupled environment at the platinum (Pt) catalyst interface, thereby facilitating oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and reducing overall proton transfer resistance across wide humidity range. The introduction of POM@SWCNT increased the electrochemical active area (ECSA) and mass activity (MA) of Pt by 62 % and 33 %, respectively. The proton resistance of the prepared MEA reduces 60 % compared with the conventional MEA at 40 % relative humidity (RH) and 80 °C. This strategy offers a highly promising new technical pathway for developing high-performance fuel cells under wide humidity conditions and low Pt loadings.

减少铂的使用和扩大工作湿度范围对质子交换膜燃料电池（pemfc）的商业化至关重要。本研究通过将多金属氧酸盐锚定在单壁碳纳米管上设计了一种质子导电复合材料（POM@SWCNT）。获得的POM@SWCNT作为导电骨架集成到膜电极组件（MEA）中，以增强铂（Pt）催化剂界面处的局部质子-电子耦合环境，从而促进氧还原反应（ORR）动力学并降低宽湿度范围内的整体质子转移阻力。POM@SWCNT的引入使Pt的电化学活性面积（ECSA）和质量活性（MA）分别提高62%和33%。在相对湿度为40%、温度为80℃的条件下，制备的MEA的质子电阻比传统MEA降低了60%。该策略为开发宽湿度条件下低铂负载的高性能燃料电池提供了一条非常有前途的新技术途径。

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on gas-particle flow and combustion characteristics from a pre-combustion chamber burner coupled with in-furnace radial air staging:optimization of secondary air ratio 结合炉内径向空气分级的预燃室燃烧器气粒流及燃烧特性实验研究：二次风比优化

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138742

Zhenhua Yuan , Xiangyu Sun , Zhichao Chen

The pre-combustion chamber burner coupled with radial air staging is a combustion technology that reconciles flame stability with NO_x reduction. For this technology, this paper combines cold-state gas-particle flow experiments with pilot-scale hot-state experiments to comprehensively study the effect of key operating parameters (secondary air ratio, R_SA) on the flow field, combustion behavior and NO_x emission. When R_SA ranges from 0.1 to 0.83, there are central and annular recirculation areas (CRA & ARA) in the pre-combustion chamber (PCC). When R_SA is 0.10, weaker entrainment of primary air by the secondary jets shifts the obvious CRA onset downstream (on the plane of x/d = 1.8), compared with the cases where R_SA ranges from 0.22 to 0.83 (on the plane of x/d = 1.0). R_SA increases from 0.10 to 0.83, which is conducive to the rotation and diffusion of the airflow. When R_SA ranges from 0.11 to 0.67, stable ignition is maintained, with temperatures in the furnace exceeding 1473 K. As R_SA increases from 0.11 to 0.67, the PCC center temperature increases; the CO concentration at furnace center shows a decreasing trend, while the NO_x concentration shows an opposite trend; the pulverized coal burnout climbs from 98.4% to 99.8%, while the NO_x emission concentration rises from 59 mg/m³ to 364 mg/m³. Taking all factors into account, the comprehensive performance is superior when the R_SA is 0.25, with a pulverized coal burnout rate of 99.4% and a NO_x concentration of 209 mg/m³ (O₂ = 9%). These findings provide experimental foundations and engineering suggestions for pulverized coal boilers in terms of stable combustion and pollutant control.

与径向空气分级相结合的预燃室燃烧器是一种燃烧技术，可以调和火焰稳定性和减少氮氧化物。针对该技术，本文将冷态气粒流实验与中试热态实验相结合，综合研究了关键运行参数（二次风比、RSA）对流场、燃烧行为及NOx排放的影响。当RSA在0.1 ~ 0.83范围内时，前燃烧室（PCC）存在中心和环形再循环区（CRA &； ARA）。与RSA为0.22 ~ 0.83 （x/d = 1.0）的情况相比，当RSA为0.10时，次级射流对一次风的夹带较弱，使明显的CRA发生向下游移动（x/d = 1.8平面）。RSA从0.10增加到0.83，有利于气流的旋转和扩散。当RSA在0.11 ~ 0.67之间时，炉膛内温度超过1473 K，点火稳定。随着RSA由0.11增加到0.67，PCC中心温度升高；炉心CO浓度呈下降趋势，NOx浓度呈相反趋势；煤粉燃尽率从98.4%上升到99.8%，NOx排放浓度从59 mg/m3上升到364 mg/m3。综合考虑各因素，当RSA为0.25，煤粉燃尽率为99.4%，NOx浓度为209 mg/m3 （O2 = 9%）时，综合性能较优。这些研究结果为煤粉锅炉的稳定燃烧和污染物控制提供了实验依据和工程建议。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review on Lewis acid functionalized electrocatalysts for water splitting 路易斯酸功能化水分解电催化剂的研究进展

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138691

Baghendra Singh, Rohit Singh , Amrendra Singh , Vaishnavi Varshney , Apparao Draksharapu

The electrochemical water splitting has been demonstrated as one of the main routes for sustainable energy conversion. Despite the enormous progress made in this field, reactions occurring in the electrocatalytic water splitting process are very complex and multi-step, resulting in a significant challenge in catalyst design to get optimum activity and long-life. According to literature studies, a number of electrocatalysts have demonstrated excellent efficiency in water splitting processes. It is noteworthy that electronic features of catalysts have significant impact on their reactivity, kinetics, and stability. In this respect, introducing Lewis acid sites into electrocatalysts represents an effective strategy to alter the electronic architectures of the active centers, which affects the reactivity and the stability. Lewis acids have many roles to play, such as creating a local environment favorable for the reaction, avoiding side reactions by preventing adsorption of the undesired species, and supporting the stabilization of intermediates during the catalytic cycle. Recent years’ research has been marked by major breakthroughs in the design and engineering of catalysts with Lewis acid functionalities to improve reactivity and stability for water splitting. However, a thorough and systematic overview that encompasses the basic principles, the mechanistic insights, and recent developments in this area has not yet been compiled. We present here a comprehensive review of the basic fundamentals, mechanistic insights, and recent innovations in Lewis acid-engineered electrocatalysts for water splitting, emphasizing their potential as a game-changing approach to cope with the energy conversion challenges that are becoming increasingly pressing. Literature reported Lewis acid modified electrocatalysts have been systematically reviewed focusing on the effect of Lewis acid introduction on the structure, property, and performance of the electrocatalysts. Additionally, future perspectives and current challenges have also been described at the end of this review.

电化学水分解已被证明是可持续能源转换的主要途径之一。尽管该领域取得了巨大的进展，但电催化水分解过程中发生的反应非常复杂且多步骤，这给催化剂的设计带来了重大挑战，以获得最佳活性和长寿命。根据文献研究，许多电催化剂在水裂解过程中表现出优异的效率。值得注意的是，催化剂的电子特性对其反应性、动力学和稳定性有重要影响。在这方面，在电催化剂中引入路易斯酸位是改变活性中心电子结构的有效策略，从而影响反应性和稳定性。路易斯酸有许多作用，例如创造有利于反应的局部环境，通过防止不需要的物质吸附来避免副反应，以及在催化循环中支持中间体的稳定。近年来，具有路易斯酸功能的催化剂在设计和工程上取得了重大突破，以提高水裂解的反应性和稳定性。然而，还没有编写一个全面和系统的概述，包括基本原则、机制见解和该领域的最新发展。我们在这里全面回顾了Lewis酸工程电催化剂的基本原理、机理见解和最近的创新，强调了它们作为一种改变游戏规则的方法来应对日益紧迫的能量转换挑战的潜力。系统综述了Lewis酸改性电催化剂的文献报道，重点介绍了引入Lewis酸对电催化剂结构、性能和性能的影响。此外，未来的前景和当前的挑战也在本综述的末尾进行了描述。

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Lignin particles morphology: A neglected factor in cellulase hydrolysis 木质素颗粒形态：纤维素酶水解中一个被忽视的因素

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138673

Nianjie Feng , Xiaotian Zhu , Xin Wang , Qian Wu , Zhiguo Wang

The presence of lignin in biomass significantly reduces the efficiency of sugar platform production through enzymatic hydrolysis. Current research mainly focuses on the interactions based on chemical structures of lignin, while the influence of its particle morphology has been largely overlooked. In this study, two lignin fractions (F1 and F2) were obtained by fractionation with ethyl acetate and petroleum ether in sequence and subsequently employed to evaluate their inhibitory effects on the cellulase hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. The results showed that lignin F2 had rigid molecular chain and appeared as large particles (33.36 nm for ALF2 and 46.58 nm for MWLF2). Based on molecular rigidity, lignin F2 particles exhibited a looser packing structure under electrostatic interactions, which was associated with the higher phenolic hydroxyl groups content exposed on the surface of the particles. This special structure enhanced the non-productive adsorption of cellulase, resulting in a 12 %–15 % reduction in the hydrolysis yield after 72 h. In short, the morphology of lignin particles was proposed for the first time as a critical factor affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Although the current morphological model is not comprehensive enough, it provides a new insight for the study of the interactions between lignin and cellulase.

生物质中木质素的存在显著降低了酶解生产糖平台的效率。目前的研究主要集中在基于木质素化学结构的相互作用上，而木质素颗粒形态的影响在很大程度上被忽视了。在本研究中，通过乙酸乙酯和石油醚的顺序分馏得到两个木质素馏分（F1和F2），并随后评价其对微晶纤维素纤维素酶水解的抑制作用。结果表明，木质素F2具有刚性分子链，呈大颗粒状（ALF2为33.36 nm， MWLF2为46.58 nm）。基于分子刚性，木质素F2颗粒在静电作用下表现出更松散的堆积结构，这与暴露在颗粒表面的酚羟基含量较高有关。这种特殊的结构增强了纤维素酶的非生产性吸附，导致72 h后水解率降低12% - 15%。总之，木质素颗粒的形态首次被提出是影响纤维素酶解的关键因素。虽然目前的形态学模型还不够全面，但它为木质素与纤维素酶相互作用的研究提供了新的视角。

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