Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.158227
Xiong Zhao, Lei Huang, Junsheng Hou, Zihan Ding, Li Ma, Junjie Wu, Dongyu Li, Yilong Yao, Zhenzhen Chen, Nanjing Hao
The nanoparticles with uniform size and excellent stability scattered in fluid (termed as nanofluid) hold the potential to extricate high-performance electronics from the heat crisis. However, the simple, general, and large-scale production of nanofluids with high quality still remains a challenge. Here, we present a delicate design of microfluidic apparatus with extremely high throughput for silica (SiO2) and titania (TiO2) nanofluids synthesis to enhance flow boiling heat transfer. The microfluidic apparatus was composed of a three-microreactor array, and the spiral microchannel in the microreactor can efficiently mix the reagents by the secondary vortex. With the apparatus, 1 L of nanofluids can be generated in 20 min, and the synthesized nanofluids had a narrow size distribution below 100 nm and outstanding long-term stability at room (25 °C) and high (75 °C) temperature. The established heat transfer platform tested the heat transfer performance of SiO2/TiO2 nanofluids that the enhancement increased with the flow rate and decreased with the nanofluid concentration. The SiO2 nanofluid always performed better than the TiO2 nanofluid in the same condition. Maximumly, the critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) were improved by 77 % and 96 %, respectively, for SiO2 nanofluid, and they were raised by 44 % and 56 %, respectively, for TiO2 nanofluid. The underlying mechanism of the difference was analyzed from the deposition on the surface and the bubble’s coalescence. These results not only shed light on the industrial manufacture of various high-performance nanofluids, but also promote the thermal management of high-power electronics.
{"title":"Microfluidic one-step and large-scale production of silica and titania nanofluids toward phase-change heat transfer intensification of power electronic devices","authors":"Xiong Zhao, Lei Huang, Junsheng Hou, Zihan Ding, Li Ma, Junjie Wu, Dongyu Li, Yilong Yao, Zhenzhen Chen, Nanjing Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2024.158227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.158227","url":null,"abstract":"The nanoparticles with uniform size and excellent stability scattered in fluid (termed as nanofluid) hold the potential to extricate high-performance electronics from the heat crisis. However, the simple, general, and large-scale production of nanofluids with high quality still remains a challenge. Here, we present a delicate design of microfluidic apparatus with extremely high throughput for silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) and titania (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanofluids synthesis to enhance flow boiling heat transfer. The microfluidic apparatus was composed of a three-microreactor array, and the spiral microchannel in the microreactor can efficiently mix the reagents by the secondary vortex. With the apparatus, 1 L of nanofluids can be generated in 20 min, and the synthesized nanofluids had a narrow size distribution below 100 nm and outstanding long-term stability at room (25 °C) and high (75 °C) temperature. The established heat transfer platform tested the heat transfer performance of SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluids that the enhancement increased with the flow rate and decreased with the nanofluid concentration. The SiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid always performed better than the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid in the same condition. Maximumly, the critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) were improved by 77 % and 96 %, respectively, for SiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid, and they were raised by 44 % and 56 %, respectively, for TiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid. The underlying mechanism of the difference was analyzed from the deposition on the surface and the bubble’s coalescence. These results not only shed light on the industrial manufacture of various high-performance nanofluids, but also promote the thermal management of high-power electronics.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in neutral microbial fuel cell (MFC) significantly limits the electricity generation and degradation of wastewater. Confinement effects of carbon-encapsulated alloy and hollow structure facilitate electrons transfer and O2 transport in ORR, but unrevealing their collaborative interaction and the mechanism of alloy cores on the superficial N-doped carbon sites remains a great challenge. Here, a ligand exchange-induced dual metal–organic-frameworks (MOFs, ZIF-8@CoFe PBA) precursor is proposed to synthesize a rambutan-like electrocatalyst (CoFe@NC-HCS) of N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNT)-encapsulated CoFe particles rooting on hollow nanocages. The abundant micro/mesopores contribute to electrolyte penetration and mass transfer, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that CoFe improves the localized charge density of N-doped carbon shell for O-intermediates. Consequently, CoFe@NC-HCS exhibits a higher half-wave potential of 0.128 V than that of Pt/C in PBS solution. The maximum power density of MFC with CoFe@NC-HCS cathode reaches up to 2627 ± 53 mW·m−2 and COD removal efficiency is 91.54 %. MFCs can drive a digital watch successfully and also power electroadsoption of phenol with a removal ratio of 92.3 %. Our study offers a new insight into engineering coupled confinement structures and the effect of encapsulated metal on carbon shell for ORR catalysis.
{"title":"Efficient electricity generation and wastewater degradation simultaneously in microbial fuel cell: Synergistic effect of amplifying localized charge density of carbon shell and confinement of hollow structures for oxygen reduction reaction","authors":"Xueli Zhang, Linhui Jia, Ziqi Wang, Jumiao Qin, Chengxing Cui, Cuicui Lv, Han Li, Li Li, Lingyun Zhou, Kexun Li, Guangri Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130890","url":null,"abstract":"The sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in neutral microbial fuel cell (MFC) significantly limits the electricity generation and degradation of wastewater. Confinement effects of carbon-encapsulated alloy and hollow structure facilitate electrons transfer and O<sub>2</sub> transport in ORR, but unrevealing their collaborative interaction and the mechanism of alloy cores on the superficial N-doped carbon sites remains a great challenge. Here, a ligand exchange-induced dual metal–organic-frameworks (MOFs, ZIF-8@CoFe PBA) precursor is proposed to synthesize a rambutan-like electrocatalyst (CoFe@NC-HCS) of N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNT)-encapsulated CoFe particles rooting on hollow nanocages. The abundant micro/mesopores contribute to electrolyte penetration and mass transfer, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that CoFe improves the localized charge density of N-doped carbon shell for O-intermediates. Consequently, CoFe@NC-HCS exhibits a higher half-wave potential of 0.128 V than that of Pt/C in PBS solution. The maximum power density of MFC with CoFe@NC-HCS cathode reaches up to 2627 ± 53 mW·m<sup>−2</sup> and COD removal efficiency is 91.54 %. MFCs can drive a digital watch successfully and also power electroadsoption of phenol with a removal ratio of 92.3 %. Our study offers a new insight into engineering coupled confinement structures and the effect of encapsulated metal on carbon shell for ORR catalysis.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (SLIBs) has been a global research hotspot. However, its low-carbon development has received little attention. Traditional SLIB recycling through hydro/pyrometallurgy is heavily reagent-dependent and energy-consuming, posing high pollution risk. Here, we propose a novel strategy of recycling SLIBs coupling with organic wastewater disposal. Unlike traditional destructive recycling methods, this method takes advantage of the unique characteristics of SLBs such as pervasive defects and active sites to achieve novel utilization. We find that SLIBs show excellent catalytic performances for organic wastewater disposal in the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation system. Under optimal conditions of 0.2 g/L catalyst, 2 mM PMS, and initial pH = 7, the degradation rate of benzalkonium chloride exceeds 99 % at 40 min. Importantly, SLIBs also demonstrate efficacy against other typical pollutants, achieving nearly a 99 % degradation rate. The mechanism demonstrates that the redox of Co2+/Co3+ in SLIBs greatly accelerates the generation of reactive oxygen species, where SO4− and 1O2 are the main contributors for the catalytic degradation. In comparison to fresh Co3O4, SLIBs result in a 1.9-fold degradation rate constant. Our findings highlight potentials of recycling SLIBs coupling with other waste disposal and guide high-value utilization of SLIBs in a “treating waste by waste” way.
{"title":"Non-destructive approach for upcycling the cathode of spent lithium-ion batteries: Combined with the efficient treatment of organic wastewater","authors":"Shuangjie Lin, Bo Niu, Xiuding Shi, Junming Hong, Rou Tan, Jiefeng Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130917","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (SLIBs) has been a global research hotspot. However, its low-carbon development has received little attention. Traditional SLIB recycling through hydro/pyrometallurgy is heavily reagent-dependent and energy-consuming, posing high pollution risk. Here, we propose a novel strategy of recycling SLIBs coupling with organic wastewater disposal. Unlike traditional destructive recycling methods, this method takes advantage of the unique characteristics of SLBs such as pervasive defects and active sites to achieve novel utilization. We find that SLIBs show excellent catalytic performances for organic wastewater disposal in the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation system. Under optimal conditions of 0.2 g/L catalyst, 2 mM PMS, and initial pH = 7, the degradation rate of benzalkonium chloride exceeds 99 % at 40 min. Importantly, SLIBs also demonstrate efficacy against other typical pollutants, achieving nearly a 99 % degradation rate. The mechanism demonstrates that the redox of Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup> in SLIBs greatly accelerates the generation of reactive oxygen species, where SO<sub>4</sub><sup><img alt=\"radical dot\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/rad.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>−</sup> and <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> are the main contributors for the catalytic degradation. In comparison to fresh Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, SLIBs result in a 1.9-fold degradation rate constant. Our findings highlight potentials of recycling SLIBs coupling with other waste disposal and guide high-value utilization of SLIBs in a “treating waste by waste” way.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103227
Julie R. Deslippe, Shannon B. Bentley
Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient that often limits agricultural productivity. Human activities, especially fertiliser use, have significantly altered the P cycle, causing eutrophication of aquatic systems. Restoring wetlands to agricultural landscapes can retain P, improving water quality and other ecosystem services. The effectiveness of P retention in restored wetlands varies with hydrology, soil properties, vegetation, and other factors. Challenges such as wetland P saturation, legacy P release, and plant invasions can limit P retention capacity. Furthermore, climate-related changes in temperature and hydrology have the potential to undermine long-term P retention. New methods such as Integrated Constructed Wetlands and new technologies that provide high-resolution temporal and spatial data enable managers to optimise multifunctionality in agricultural landscapes.
{"title":"The role of wetland restoration in mediating phosphorus ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes","authors":"Julie R. Deslippe, Shannon B. Bentley","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient that often limits agricultural productivity. Human activities, especially fertiliser use, have significantly altered the P cycle, causing eutrophication of aquatic systems. Restoring wetlands to agricultural landscapes can retain P, improving water quality and other ecosystem services. The effectiveness of P retention in restored wetlands varies with hydrology, soil properties, vegetation, and other factors. Challenges such as wetland P saturation, legacy P release, and plant invasions can limit P retention capacity. Furthermore, climate-related changes in temperature and hydrology have the potential to undermine long-term P retention. New methods such as Integrated Constructed Wetlands and new technologies that provide high-resolution temporal and spatial data enable managers to optimise multifunctionality in agricultural landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103227"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2024.107253
Nana Jia , Tong Jia , Zhiao Zhang
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a long prodromal phase. Early prediction of AD progression is crucial for improving clinical diagnosis. However, missing data and variable-length of time series data make it difficult to predict the progression of AD in clinical practice. Regarding this problem, existing researches mainly employed LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks to impute missing data and make predictions, but those methods only encoded fixed-length time series data and suffered from the error accumulation, resulting in relatively unsatisfactory prediction results. To address this issue, this paper develops a novel method, named residual sharing GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) with enhanced deep cross fusion module (RGRU-EDCF), to perform AD progression prediction. Specifically, we first design an enhanced cross deep module to impute missing data and learn complementary information. Moreover, we design a residual sharing GRU model to realize the input of variable-length time series data, thus, enhancing flexibility of model. Besides, the residual structure in the residual sharing GRU model is used for reducing error accumulation. We also add a local multi-head attention mechanism for specific time series features learning for classification and regression prediction. Finally, we use specific time series features to realize prediction of classification and regression tasks. Unlike existing methods that trained the missing data imputation and prediction model separately, our method considers an end-to-end training strategy to train both enhanced cross deep module and the residual sharing GRU model to further promote the performance of AD progression prediction. The proposed method is validated using time series data from the ADNI dataset. The accuracy can reach 95.17% in the prediction task, MAE can reach 2.64 in cognitive score prediction, and 4.04 in MRI biomarkers prediction, it is competitive and superior over other state-of-the-art methods. We also validate our proposed method on MIMIC-III dataset.
{"title":"A residual GRU method with deep cross fusion for Alzheimer’s disease progression prediction using missing variable-length time series data","authors":"Nana Jia , Tong Jia , Zhiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bspc.2024.107253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bspc.2024.107253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a long prodromal phase. Early prediction of AD progression is crucial for improving clinical diagnosis. However, missing data and variable-length of time series data make it difficult to predict the progression of AD in clinical practice. Regarding this problem, existing researches mainly employed LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks to impute missing data and make predictions, but those methods only encoded fixed-length time series data and suffered from the error accumulation, resulting in relatively unsatisfactory prediction results. To address this issue, this paper develops a novel method, named residual sharing GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) with enhanced deep cross fusion module (RGRU-EDCF), to perform AD progression prediction. Specifically, we first design an enhanced cross deep module to impute missing data and learn complementary information. Moreover, we design a residual sharing GRU model to realize the input of variable-length time series data, thus, enhancing flexibility of model. Besides, the residual structure in the residual sharing GRU model is used for reducing error accumulation. We also add a local multi-head attention mechanism for specific time series features learning for classification and regression prediction. Finally, we use specific time series features to realize prediction of classification and regression tasks. Unlike existing methods that trained the missing data imputation and prediction model separately, our method considers an end-to-end training strategy to train both enhanced cross deep module and the residual sharing GRU model to further promote the performance of AD progression prediction. The proposed method is validated using time series data from the ADNI dataset. The accuracy can reach 95.17% in the prediction task, MAE can reach 2.64 in cognitive score prediction, and 4.04 in MRI biomarkers prediction, it is competitive and superior over other state-of-the-art methods. We also validate our proposed method on MIMIC-III dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55362,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 107253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114853
Gaopeng Li , Mengfei Sun , Yang Su , Lei Zhao , Xinlu Wang , Jinxian Wang , Shuhui Lv , Wensheng Yu , Xiangting Dong , Dongtao Liu
Zn metal is one of the most prospective anodes for large-scale energy storage owing to its high volumetric capacity and safety. However, commercialization of the aqueous Zn metal batteries (AZMBs) is impeded by uneven Zn deposition and undesirable reaction issues. Herein, an in-situ micro-battery etching strategy is proposed to realize surface coating and 3D Zn construction simultaneously. It is worth noting that the amorphous Zn2+-intercalated ammonium vanadate (A-ZNVO) coating with abundant oxygen vacancy could not only inhibit the severe interface parasitic reactions but also facilitate the quick transmission of Zn2+. Beyond that, the 3D porous structure could reduce the local current density and induce uniform Zn deposition. As a result, such 3D Zn@A-ZNVO electrode ensures a remarkably long cycle lifespan of over 3700 h when a current density of 1 mA cm−2 is applied. By contrast, the bare Zn could only cycle for 110 h and encounter short-circuit subsequently. Meanwhile, the 3D Zn@A-ZNVO anode also exhibits superior rate capability and above-average Coulombic efficiency (99.55 %). Moreover, the full cell could retain 85.2 % of discharge capacity even after 900 cycles under 1 A g−1. This facile and multifunctional strategy offers a unique insight into the modification of metal-based electrodes.
{"title":"In-situ micro-battery etching induced 3D Zn with amorphous interfacial coating for high-stable Zn metal batteries","authors":"Gaopeng Li , Mengfei Sun , Yang Su , Lei Zhao , Xinlu Wang , Jinxian Wang , Shuhui Lv , Wensheng Yu , Xiangting Dong , Dongtao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2024.114853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2024.114853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zn metal is one of the most prospective anodes for large-scale energy storage owing to its high volumetric capacity and safety. However, commercialization of the aqueous Zn metal batteries (AZMBs) is impeded by uneven Zn deposition and undesirable reaction issues. Herein, an in-situ micro-battery etching strategy is proposed to realize surface coating and 3D Zn construction simultaneously. It is worth noting that the amorphous Zn<sup>2+</sup>-intercalated ammonium vanadate (A-ZNVO) coating with abundant oxygen vacancy could not only inhibit the severe interface parasitic reactions but also facilitate the quick transmission of Zn<sup>2+</sup>. Beyond that, the 3D porous structure could reduce the local current density and induce uniform Zn deposition. As a result, such 3D Zn@A-ZNVO electrode ensures a remarkably long cycle lifespan of over 3700 h when a current density of 1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> is applied. By contrast, the bare Zn could only cycle for 110 h and encounter short-circuit subsequently. Meanwhile, the 3D Zn@A-ZNVO anode also exhibits superior rate capability and above-average Coulombic efficiency (99.55 %). Moreover, the full cell could retain 85.2 % of discharge capacity even after 900 cycles under 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. This facile and multifunctional strategy offers a unique insight into the modification of metal-based electrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 114853"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104069
Mengying Cui , Lijie Yu , Shaoyu Nie , Zhe Dai , Ying-en Ge , David Levinson
Spatial imbalances in metro ridership significantly reduce the overall efficiency of metro system. Understanding the factors that contribute to metro ridership is essential for developing targeted strategies to improve ridership equity and overall system performance. This study introduces novel spatial dependency indices based on spatial weight matrices and land-use function complementarity to explore how access and inter-station spatial dependency affect metro ridership, focusing on station-level boardings and alightings, as well as station-to-station flows. Using the data from the Xi'an Metro, the findings indicate that access to employment and residence from metro stations considerably enhances station-level boardings and alightings. Walking access emerges as a critical factor, especially in the context of station-to-station travel. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a complementarity feature within the metro system, where increases in boardings (alightings) at one station leads to a higher demand at others. Stations that serve areas with complementary land-use functions tend to attract more travel between them. These findings emphasize the critical role of access and spatial dependency in enhancing transit planning and system efficiency.
{"title":"How do access and spatial dependency shape metro passenger flows","authors":"Mengying Cui , Lijie Yu , Shaoyu Nie , Zhe Dai , Ying-en Ge , David Levinson","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial imbalances in metro ridership significantly reduce the overall efficiency of metro system. Understanding the factors that contribute to metro ridership is essential for developing targeted strategies to improve ridership equity and overall system performance. This study introduces novel spatial dependency indices based on spatial weight matrices and land-use function complementarity to explore how access and inter-station spatial dependency affect metro ridership, focusing on station-level boardings and alightings, as well as station-to-station flows. Using the data from the Xi'an Metro, the findings indicate that access to employment and residence from metro stations considerably enhances station-level boardings and alightings. Walking access emerges as a critical factor, especially in the context of station-to-station travel. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a complementarity feature within the metro system, where increases in boardings (alightings) at one station leads to a higher demand at others. Stations that serve areas with complementary land-use functions tend to attract more travel between them. These findings emphasize the critical role of access and spatial dependency in enhancing transit planning and system efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 104069"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01308-8
Owain Vaughan
Carolina Aguilar, CEO of INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, tells Nature Electronics about the company’s work on graphene-based brain–computer interfaces and their recent in-patient tests.
{"title":"Building brain–computer interfaces with graphene","authors":"Owain Vaughan","doi":"10.1038/s41928-024-01308-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-024-01308-8","url":null,"abstract":"Carolina Aguilar, CEO of INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, tells Nature Electronics about the company’s work on graphene-based brain–computer interfaces and their recent in-patient tests.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work prepared and investigated a novel type of deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of citric acid and polypropylene glycol (PPG) for extracting and separating bioactive compounds from tea waste residue. Eder optimized conditions, the DES composed by citric acid and PPG400 showed remarkable effectiveness in extracting epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, 15.58 g/kg), epicatechin gallate (ECG, 12.85 g/kg), theanine (152.20 g/kg) and caffeine (48.44 g/kg). Results of kinetic study revealed that the extraction of ECG, EGCG, caffeine and theanine from tea residue can be well described by the Fick’s second law. Based on the difference in polarity and acidity/alkalinity among four solutes, two biphasic systems were constructed for the sequential separation of catechins (EGCG and ECG), caffeine and theanine from the DES extracts. Using the first biphasic system composed of DES and ethyl acetate, EGCG and ECG with relatively low polarity were effectively extracted into the ethyl acetate phase (efficiency >95 %), while theanine and caffeine were largely retained in the DES phase. Subsequently, a proper volume of KOH solution was intentionally added to the DES phase to break the hydrogen bonds between citric acid and PPG 400, which resulted in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) containing PPG400 and potassium citrate. This ATPS allowed selective partition of caffeine toward the PPG400-rich phase and that of theanine toward the citrate-rich. The recoveries of theanine and caffeine were 76 % and 96 %, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that EGCG and ECG preferentially interacted with ethyl acetate, while caffeine and theanine are likely to interact with PPG400 and citrate, respectively. This provide insights into the high partition coefficients, extraction efficiencies, and selectivity in the extraction process.
{"title":"Simultaneous extraction and selective separation of catechins, caffeine and theanine from waste tea residue facilitated by citric acid-based deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Yubing Yang, Mengdi Guan, Mengdan Fang, Ying Gu, Lunzhao Yi, Dabing Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130918","url":null,"abstract":"This work prepared and investigated a novel type of deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of citric acid and polypropylene glycol (PPG) for extracting and separating bioactive compounds from tea waste residue. Eder optimized conditions, the DES composed by citric acid and PPG400 showed remarkable effectiveness in extracting epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, 15.58 g/kg), epicatechin gallate (ECG, 12.85 g/kg), theanine (152.20 g/kg) and caffeine (48.44 g/kg). Results of kinetic study revealed that the extraction of ECG, EGCG, caffeine and theanine from tea residue can be well described by the Fick’s second law. Based on the difference in polarity and acidity/alkalinity among four solutes, two biphasic systems were constructed for the sequential separation of catechins (EGCG and ECG), caffeine and theanine from the DES extracts. Using the first biphasic system composed of DES and ethyl acetate, EGCG and ECG with relatively low polarity were effectively extracted into the ethyl acetate phase (efficiency >95 %), while theanine and caffeine were largely retained in the DES phase. Subsequently, a proper volume of KOH solution was intentionally added to the DES phase to break the hydrogen bonds between citric acid and PPG 400, which resulted in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) containing PPG400 and potassium citrate. This ATPS allowed selective partition of caffeine toward the PPG400-rich phase and that of theanine toward the citrate-rich. The recoveries of theanine and caffeine were 76 % and 96 %, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that EGCG and ECG preferentially interacted with ethyl acetate, while caffeine and theanine are likely to interact with PPG400 and citrate, respectively. This provide insights into the high partition coefficients, extraction efficiencies, and selectivity in the extraction process.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The combination of natural minerals and ball-milling technology has garnered significant attention for decontamination. However, comprehensive investigation on how ball-milling alters the surface properties of minerals, especially iron sulfides, is currently lacking. In this study, ball-milled natural pyrite (Pyritebm) was employed to evaluate its adsorption performance for As(III)/As(V) and catalytical ability for sulfite (S(IV)) to detoxify As(III). Results showed that ball-milling improved the arsenic adsorption capacity of natural pyrite and its catalytical ability for S(IV) by 4.2–7.4 times and 82 times, respectively. Multiple spectroscopic characterizations and electrochemical analysis revealed that ball-milling not only reduced the particle size, but also significantly activated structural Fe(II) through severely destroying crystal structures of pyrite and surface iron oxides. This led to the formation of a positively charged surface, abundant labile Fe(II), numerous vacancy defects, and high electron transfer efficiency. Under oxic conditions, the activated structural Fe(II) of Pyritebm underwent rapid oxidative dissolution and recrystallization, generating substantial ferrihydrite and Fe(III) for arsenic adsorption and FeAsO4 formation. Additionally, the newly formed Fe(III) was also served as effective activator of S(IV), triggering the generation of SO4−, OH and O2−, which facilitated fast oxidation of As(III). This study provided new insights into the modification of iron sulfides through ball-milling, and proposed two strategies for unlocking the potential of natural pyrite in arsenic attenuation.
{"title":"Ball-milled natural pyrite coupled with sulfite for enhanced arsenic adsorption and oxidation: Performance and mechanisms","authors":"Cheng Wang, Jilong Wang, Zhengbo Xiang, Wenfeng Tan, Xionghan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130867","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of natural minerals and ball-milling technology has garnered significant attention for decontamination. However, comprehensive investigation on how ball-milling alters the surface properties of minerals, especially iron sulfides, is currently lacking. In this study, ball-milled natural pyrite (Pyrite<sup>bm</sup>) was employed to evaluate its adsorption performance for As(III)/As(V) and catalytical ability for sulfite (S(IV)) to detoxify As(III). Results showed that ball-milling improved the arsenic adsorption capacity of natural pyrite and its catalytical ability for S(IV) by 4.2–7.4 times and 82 times, respectively. Multiple spectroscopic characterizations and electrochemical analysis revealed that ball-milling not only reduced the particle size, but also significantly activated structural Fe(II) through severely destroying crystal structures of pyrite and surface iron oxides. This led to the formation of a positively charged surface, abundant labile Fe(II), numerous vacancy defects, and high electron transfer efficiency. Under oxic conditions, the activated structural Fe(II) of Pyrite<sup>bm</sup> underwent rapid oxidative dissolution and recrystallization, generating substantial ferrihydrite and Fe(III) for arsenic adsorption and FeAsO<sub>4</sub> formation. Additionally, the newly formed Fe(III) was also served as effective activator of S(IV), triggering the generation of SO<sub>4</sub><sup><img alt=\"radical dot\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/rad.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>−</sup>, <sup><img alt=\"radical dot\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/rad.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/></sup>OH and O<sub>2</sub><sup><img alt=\"radical dot\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/rad.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>−</sup>, which facilitated fast oxidation of As(III). This study provided new insights into the modification of iron sulfides through ball-milling, and proposed two strategies for unlocking the potential of natural pyrite in arsenic attenuation.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
− and 1O2 are the main contributors for the catalytic degradation. In comparison to fresh Co3O4, SLIBs result in a 1.9-fold degradation rate constant. Our findings highlight potentials of recycling SLIBs coupling with other waste disposal and guide high-value utilization of SLIBs in a “treating waste by waste” way.
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