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Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to address drought tolerance in wheat. 多重 CRISPR/Cas9 介导的基因组编辑,解决小麦的耐旱性问题。
IF 4.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2120313
Naglaa A Abdallah, Hany Elsharawy, Hamiss A Abulela, Roger Thilmony, Abdelhadi A Abdelhadi, Nagwa I Elarabi

Genome editing tools have rapidly been adopted by plant scientists for crop improvement. Genome editing using a multiplex sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system is a useful technique for crop improvement in monocot species. In this study, we utilized precise gene editing techniques to generate wheat 3'(2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase (TaSal1) mutants using a multiplex sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Five active TaSal1 homologous genes were found in the genome of Giza168 in addition to another apparently inactive gene on chromosome 4A. Three gRNAs were designed and used to target exons 4, 5 and 7 of the five wheat TaSal1 genes. Among the 120 Giza168 transgenic plants, 41 lines exhibited mutations and produced heritable TaSal1 mutations in the M1 progeny and 5 lines were full 5 gene knock-outs. These mutant plants exhibit a rolled-leaf phenotype in young leaves and bended stems, but there were no significant changes in the internode length and width, leaf morphology, and stem shape. Anatomical and scanning electron microscope studies of the young leaves of mutated TaSal1 lines showed closed stomata, increased stomata width and increase in the size of the bulliform cells. Sal1 mutant seedlings germinated and grew better on media containing polyethylene glycol than wildtype seedlings. Our results indicate that the application of the multiplex sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is efficient tool for mutating more multiple TaSal1 loci in hexaploid wheat.

基因组编辑工具已被植物科学家迅速用于作物改良。使用多重 sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 基因组编辑系统进行基因组编辑是改良单子叶植物作物的一项有用技术。在本研究中,我们利用精确的基因编辑技术,使用多重 sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 基因组编辑系统生成了小麦 3'(2')、5'-双磷酸核苷酸酶(TaSal1)突变体。在 Giza168 的基因组中发现了五个活跃的 TaSal1 同源基因,此外在 4A 染色体上还发现了另一个明显不活跃的基因。设计并使用了三个 gRNA,分别靶向五个小麦 TaSal1 基因的第 4、5 和 7 号外显子。在 120 株 Giza168 转基因植株中,41 个品系出现突变,并在 M1 后代中产生可遗传的 TaSal1 突变,5 个品系为 5 个基因全基因敲除。这些突变植株表现出幼叶卷叶和茎弯曲的表型,但节间长度和宽度、叶片形态和茎的形状没有显著变化。对突变 TaSal1 株系幼叶的解剖学和扫描电子显微镜研究表明,突变株系的气孔闭合,气孔宽度增加,鼓状细胞体积增大。与野生型幼苗相比,Sal1 突变体幼苗在含有聚乙二醇的培养基上发芽和生长得更好。我们的研究结果表明,应用多重 sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 基因组编辑技术是在六倍体小麦中突变更多 TaSal1 基因位点的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial capping agents on silver nanoparticles made via green method using natural products from banana plant waste.
IF 4.5 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2025.2462335
Jimmy K Kabeya, Nadège K Ngombe, Paulin K Mutwale, Justin B Safari, Gauta Gold Matlou, Rui W M Krause, Christian I Nkanga

Herein, we investigated the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activities of the organic layers from biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs were synthesized using Musa paradisiaca and Musa sapientum extracts. UV-vis absorption in the 400-450 nm range indicated surface plasmonic resonance peak of AgNPs. Samples analyses using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of particles within nanometric ranges, with sizes of 30-140 nm and 8-40 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) unveiled the presence of several organic functional groups on the surface of AgNPs, indicating the presence of phytochemicals from plant extracts. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the phytochemicals (capping agents) from AgNPs identified multiple groups of secondary metabolites. These phytochemical capping agents exhibited antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 1000 µg/mL. Regardless of the bacterial species or plant parts (leaves or pseudo-stems), capping agents from M. sapientum nanoparticles displayed significantly enhanced antibacterial effectiveness compared to all other samples, including the raw plant extracts and biosynthesized capped and uncapped AgNPs. These results suggest the presence of antimicrobial phytochemicals on biosynthesized AgNPs, highlighting the promise of green nanoparticle synthesis as a valuable approach in bioprospecting antimicrobial agents.

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引用次数: 0
Correlation of MicroRNA-31 with Endometrial Receptivity in Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer.
IF 1.6 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2025.2460263
Yan Tan, Bijun Du, Xixi Chen, Minhong Chen

Objective: This trial probed the correlation between miR-31 expression and endometrial receptivity (ER) in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

Methods: A retrospective study of 80 infertility patients who underwent IVF-ET assisted conception treatment were divided into RIF group and normal pregnancy group (control group) according to the pregnancy outcome after embryo transfer. General information of both groups was collected. Endometrial tissues were collected in the middle luteal phase of the menstrual cycle before IVF-ET. miR-31 levels in endometrial tissues were measured, and endometrial tolerance indicator pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and endometrial thickness (Em) were detected. The correlation between endometrial miR-31 levels and ER indices was evaluated by Pearson method. ROC curves were utilized to analyze the efficacy of miR-31 in predicting RIF occurrence. The influencing factors of RIF were analyzed by binary Logistic regression.

Results: RIF patients had increased miR-31 expression level and endometrial tolerance indicator PI, and RI while decreased Em (p < 0.05). miR-31 in RIF patients was positively correlated with PI and RI, and negatively correlated with Em (p < 0.05). The area under the curve for miR-31 to predict the occurrence of RIF was 0.899, with a sensitivity of 0.750 and a specificity of 0.950. PI, RI, and miR-31 were risk factors for developing RIF in IVF-ET women, and Em was a protective factor (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: miR-31 in RIF patients is positively correlated with PI and RI, and negatively correlated with Em.

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引用次数: 0
Microvesicles and exosomes isolated from murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells primed with p38MAPK inhibitor differentially regulate hematopoietic stem cell function.
IF 4.5 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2025.2475095
Pallavi Budgude, Vaijayanti Kale, Anuradha Vaidya

The signaling mechanisms active within mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) influence the composition of microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (Exos) secreted by them. Previously, we showed that priming MSCs with a p38 pharmacological inhibitor (pMSCs) rejuvenates them and improves their ability to promote ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion. This study examined whether pMSCs exerted HSC-supportive ability via MVs (pMVs) and Exos (pExos). Our findings demonstrate distinct regulation of HSC fate by pMVs and pExos. pMVs promoted the expansion of long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs), distinguished by their robust self-renewal capacity and superior engraftment ability. In contrast, pExos facilitated expansion of short-term HSCs (ST-HSCs) with high proliferative and differentiation potential. Infusing a combination of pMVs- and pExos-expanded HSCs as a composite graft resulted in significantly higher HSC engraftment, emphasizing the synergistic interaction between LT- and ST-HSC populations. Gene expression studies, functional and phenotypic experiments showed that pMVs regulate HSC quiescence via the Egr1/Cdkn1a axis, while pExos control HSC proliferation via the Nfya/Cdkn1a axis. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential regulation of HSC function by pMVs and pExos. It also proposes a composite graft strategy of using pMVs and pExos as "MSC-derived biologics" for improving the HSC transplantation success.

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引用次数: 0
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for functional cotton fabrics: antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria and cytotoxicity evaluation.
IF 4.5 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2025.2485115
Sérgio Antunes Filho, Clara M Almeida, Maria Teresa Villela Romanos, Bianca Pizzorno Backx, Raquel Regina Bonelli

Bacterial infections associated with healthcare are a challenge on a global scale due to the high morbidity and mortality rates, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant isolates. Hospital textiles are abiotic surfaces that may serve as a means of disseminating and persisting microorganisms in hospitals, as microorganisms can remain viable on these surfaces for up to months. In this study, we employed a green synthesis approach utilizing guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava) to produce silver nanoparticles, which were then incorporated into a cotton fabric. Antimicrobial properties and the cytotoxicity of the functional textile were assessed. The finding indicated that the green synthesis method was efficient and resulted in a predominant population of nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 25 to 84 nm that were uniformly dispersed in the textile. The functional textile exhibited low toxicity and high antimicrobial efficiency, even against multidrug-resistant microorganisms of particular concern in hospital settings. Atomic force microscopy carried out evidenced invaginations in the cell wall of bacteria submitted to this textile, suggesting surface damage as an important mechanism of action silver nanoparticles incorporated.

{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for functional cotton fabrics: antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria and cytotoxicity evaluation.","authors":"Sérgio Antunes Filho, Clara M Almeida, Maria Teresa Villela Romanos, Bianca Pizzorno Backx, Raquel Regina Bonelli","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2025.2485115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2025.2485115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections associated with healthcare are a challenge on a global scale due to the high morbidity and mortality rates, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant isolates. Hospital textiles are abiotic surfaces that may serve as a means of disseminating and persisting microorganisms in hospitals, as microorganisms can remain viable on these surfaces for up to months. In this study, we employed a green synthesis approach utilizing guava leaf extract (<i>Psidium guajava</i>) to produce silver nanoparticles, which were then incorporated into a cotton fabric. Antimicrobial properties and the cytotoxicity of the functional textile were assessed. The finding indicated that the green synthesis method was efficient and resulted in a predominant population of nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 25 to 84 nm that were uniformly dispersed in the textile. The functional textile exhibited low toxicity and high antimicrobial efficiency, even against multidrug-resistant microorganisms of particular concern in hospital settings. Atomic force microscopy carried out evidenced invaginations in the cell wall of bacteria submitted to this textile, suggesting surface damage as an important mechanism of action silver nanoparticles incorporated.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":"153-165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An integrated in vitro and in silico approach to assess targeted cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells with Psidium guajava peel-derived chitosan nanoparticles.
IF 4.5 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2025.2462333
Vino Udappusamy, Rajan Thinagaran, Vijayakumar Mayakrishnan, Janani Balakarthikeyan, Priya Kannappan, Sameer Al-Ghamdi, Naif Abdurhman Alrudian, Mohammed Saad Alqahtani, Khalid Albasheer, Chandrabose Sureka, Mahmoud H El-Bidawy, Nesreen Alsanousi, Sahar Gamil, Thiyagarajan Ramesh

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a significant global health issue, with high mortality rates. The chemotherapeutic drugs currently used for TNBC have significant side effects, impacting both normal and cancer cells. In this study, we investigated a potential use of fruit peel extract of Psidium guajava (PGP) encapsulated with chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) to combat TNBC. The synthesized PGP-CSNPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, TEM and GC-MS. The maximum loading capacity and encapsulation efficacy of PGP-CSNPs were found to be 72.5 ± 0.49% and 92.9 ± 0.10%, respectively. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed, and the IC50 value for PGP-CSNPs was 50.13 µg/mL. It was observed that PGP-CSNPs could induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells in dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed for bioactive compounds retrieved from PGP-CSNPs against human tumour suppressor proteins Bcl2, and results showed that the PGP-CSNPs had lower binding energy than cisplatin. This suggests that, the synthesized PGP-CSNPs have the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent for tackling TNBC. However, to validate its efficacy in human therapy, furthermore pre-clinical and clinical procedures should be examined, as this is an ongoing and significant step towards developing an effective and safe anticancer drug.

{"title":"An integrated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> approach to assess targeted cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells with <i>Psidium guajava</i> peel-derived chitosan nanoparticles.","authors":"Vino Udappusamy, Rajan Thinagaran, Vijayakumar Mayakrishnan, Janani Balakarthikeyan, Priya Kannappan, Sameer Al-Ghamdi, Naif Abdurhman Alrudian, Mohammed Saad Alqahtani, Khalid Albasheer, Chandrabose Sureka, Mahmoud H El-Bidawy, Nesreen Alsanousi, Sahar Gamil, Thiyagarajan Ramesh","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2025.2462333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2025.2462333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a significant global health issue, with high mortality rates. The chemotherapeutic drugs currently used for TNBC have significant side effects, impacting both normal and cancer cells. In this study, we investigated a potential use of fruit peel extract of <i>Psidium guajava</i> (PGP) encapsulated with chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) to combat TNBC. The synthesized PGP-CSNPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, TEM and GC-MS. The maximum loading capacity and encapsulation efficacy of PGP-CSNPs were found to be 72.5 ± 0.49% and 92.9 ± 0.10%, respectively. Furthermore, <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity was assessed, and the IC<sub>50</sub> value for PGP-CSNPs was 50.13 µg/mL. It was observed that PGP-CSNPs could induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells in dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed for bioactive compounds retrieved from PGP-CSNPs against human tumour suppressor proteins Bcl2, and results showed that the PGP-CSNPs had lower binding energy than cisplatin. This suggests that, the synthesized PGP-CSNPs have the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent for tackling TNBC. However, to validate its efficacy in human therapy, furthermore pre-clinical and clinical procedures should be examined, as this is an ongoing and significant step towards developing an effective and safe anticancer drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":"43-55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ClaPEPCK4: target gene for breeding innovative watermelon germplasm with low malic acid and high sweetness. ClaPEPCK4:低苹果酸高甜度西瓜创新种质的靶基因。
IF 4.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2025.2452702
Congji Yang, Jiale Shi, Yuanyuan Qin, ShengQi Hua, Jiancheng Bao, Xueyan Liu, Yuqi Peng, Yige Gu, Wei Dong

Malic acid markedly affects watermelon flavor. Reducing the malic acid content can significantly increase the sweetness of watermelon. An effective solution strategy is to reduce watermelon malic acid content through molecular breeding technology. In this study, we measured the TSS and pH of six watermelon varieties at four growth nodes. The TSS content was very low at 10 DAP and accumulated rapidly at 18, 26, and 34 DAP. Three phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) genes of watermelon were identified and analyzed. The ClaPEPCK4 expression was inversely proportional to malate content variations in fruits. In transgenic watermelon plants, overexpressing the ClaPEPCK4 gene, malic acid content markedly decreased. In the knockout transgenic watermelon plants, two SNP mutations and one base deletion occurred in the ClaPEPCK4 gene, with the malic acid content in the leaves increasing considerably and the PEPCK enzyme activity reduced to half of the wild-type. It is interesting that the ClaPEPCK4 gene triggered the closure of leaf stomata under dark conditions in the knockout transgenic plants, which indicated its involvement in stomatal movement. In conclusion, this study provides a gene target ClaPEPCK4 for creating innovative new high-sweetness watermelon varieties.

苹果酸对西瓜风味有显著影响。降低苹果酸含量可以显著提高西瓜的甜度。通过分子育种技术降低西瓜苹果酸含量是有效的解决策略。本研究测定了6个西瓜品种在4个生育期的TSS和pH值。TSS含量在10 DAP时很低,在18、26和34 DAP时迅速积累。对西瓜磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK) 3个基因进行了鉴定和分析。ClaPEPCK4的表达量与果实中苹果酸含量的变化成反比。在转基因西瓜植株中,过表达ClaPEPCK4基因,苹果酸含量显著降低。在敲除转基因西瓜植株中,ClaPEPCK4基因发生了2个SNP突变和1个碱基缺失,叶片中苹果酸含量显著增加,PEPCK酶活性降至野生型的一半。有趣的是,ClaPEPCK4基因在敲除转基因植株中触发了黑暗条件下叶片气孔的关闭,表明其参与了气孔运动。综上所述,本研究为高甜度西瓜品种创新提供了ClaPEPCK4基因靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on motor planning: a multimodal signal study.
IF 3.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-025-10220-6
Long Chen, Yihao Hu, Zhongpeng Wang, Lei Zhang, Chuxiang Jian, Shengcui Cheng, Dong Ming

Motor planning plays a pivotal role in daily life. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been demonstrated to enhance decision-making efficiency, illustrating its potential use in cognitive modulation. However, current research primarily focuses on behavioral and single-modal electrophysiological signal, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG). To investigate the effect of taVNS on motor planning, a total of 21 subjects were recruited for this study and were divided into two groups: active group (n = 10) and sham group (n = 11). Each subject was required to be involved in a single-blind, sham-controlled, between-subject end-state comfort (ESC) experiment. The study compared behavioral indicators and electrophysiological features before and following taVNS. The results indicated a notable reduction in reaction time and an appreciable increase in the proportion of end-state comfort among the participants following taVNS, accompanied by notable alterations in motor-related cortical potential (MRCP) amplitude, low-frequency power of HRV (LF), and cortico-cardiac coherence, particularly in the parietal and occipital regions. These findings show that taVNS may impact the brain and heart, potentially enhancing their interaction, and improve participants' ability of motor planning.

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引用次数: 0
Multi-level cognitive state classification of learners using complex brain networks and interpretable machine learning. 使用复杂脑网络和可解释机器学习的学习者多层次认知状态分类。
IF 3.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-024-10203-z
Xiuling He, Yue Li, Xiong Xiao, Yingting Li, Jing Fang, Ruijie Zhou

Identifying the cognitive state can help educators understand the evolving thought processes of learners, and it is important in promoting the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Cognitive neuroscience research identifies cognitive states by designing experimental tasks and recording electroencephalography (EEG) signals during task performance. However, most of the previous studies primarily concentrated on extracting features from individual channels in single-type tasks, ignoring the interconnection across channels. In this study, three learning activities (i.e., video watching activity, keyword extracting activity, and essay creating activity) were designed based on a revised Bloom's taxonomy and the Interactive-Constructive-Active-Passive framework and used with 31 college students. The EEG signals were recorded when they were engaged in these activities. First, whole-brain network temporal dynamics were characterized by EEG microstate sequence analysis. Such dynamic changes rely on learning activity and corresponding functional brain systems. Subsequently, phase locking value was used to construct synchrony-based functional brain networks. The network characteristics were extracted to be inputted into different machine learning classifiers: Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbour, Random Forest, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). XGBoost showed superior performance in the classification of cognitive states, with an accuracy of 88.07%. Furthermore, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was adopted to reveal the connections between different brain regions that contributed to the classification of cognitive state. SHAP analysis reveals that the connections in the frontal, temporal, and central regions are most important for the high cognitive state. Collectively, this study may provide further evidence for educators to design cognitive-guided instructional activities to enhance learners' HOTS.

识别认知状态可以帮助教育者理解学习者思维过程的演变,对促进高阶思维技能(HOTS)的发展至关重要。认知神经科学研究通过设计实验任务和记录任务执行过程中的脑电图信号来识别认知状态。然而,以往的研究大多集中在单一类型任务中单个通道的特征提取上,忽略了通道之间的相互联系。本研究基于修改后的Bloom分类法和互动-建构-主动-被动框架,设计了视频观看、关键词提取和作文创作三个学习活动,并对31名大学生进行了实验。当他们从事这些活动时,脑电图信号被记录下来。首先,利用脑电微态序列分析表征全脑网络时间动态。这种动态变化依赖于学习活动和相应的脑功能系统。随后,利用锁相值构建基于同步的脑功能网络。提取网络特征并输入不同的机器学习分类器:支持向量机、k近邻、随机森林和极端梯度增强(XGBoost)。XGBoost在认知状态分类方面表现优异,准确率达88.07%。此外,采用SHapley加性解释(SHapley Additive explanatory, SHAP)揭示了不同脑区之间的联系,这些联系有助于认知状态的分类。SHAP分析显示,大脑额叶、颞叶和中央区域的连接对高认知状态最为重要。综上所述,本研究可为教育者设计认知引导的教学活动以提高学习者的HOTS提供进一步的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Research and developmental strategies to hasten the improvement of orphan crops. 加快孤儿作物改良的研究和发展战略。
IF 4.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2423987
Ufuoma Akpojotor, Olubusayo Oluwole, Olaniyi Oyatomi, Rajneesh Paliwal, Michael Abberton

To feed the world's expanding population, crop breeders need to increase agricultural productivity and expand major crops base. Orphan crops are indigenously important crops with great potential because they are climate resilient, highly nutritious, contain nutraceutical compounds, and can improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers and consumers, but they have received little or no scientific attention. This review article examines several research and developmental strategies for hastening the improvement of these crops so that they can effectively play their role in securing food and nutrition. The integration of both research and developmental approaches will open up modern opportunities for crop improvement. We summarized ways in which advanced tools in phenotyping and genotyping, using high-throughput processes, can be used to accelerate their improvement. Finally, we suggest roles the genebanks can play in improving orphan crops, as the utilization of plant genetic resources is important for the genetic improvement of a crop.

为了养活世界上不断增长的人口,作物育种者需要提高农业生产力,扩大主要作物基础。孤儿作物是具有巨大潜力的地方重要作物,因为它们具有气候适应能力、高营养、含有营养化合物,并且可以改善小农和消费者的生计,但它们很少或根本没有得到科学关注。本文综述了加快这些作物改良的几种研究和开发策略,以使它们能够有效地发挥其在保障粮食和营养方面的作用。研究和发展方法的结合将为作物改良开辟现代机会。我们总结了在表型和基因分型的先进工具,使用高通量的过程,可以用来加速他们的改进方法。由于植物遗传资源的利用对作物的遗传改良至关重要,因此我们建议基因库在孤儿作物改良中发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
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