工程技术最新文献

Lignin nanofibers (LNFs) have emerged as promising materials for various environmental applications due to their unique properties, abundance, and sustainability. This review examines recent advances in LNF synthesis and their environmental applications, lignin types are discussed in relation to nanofiber production. Synthesis techniques are evaluated, with electrospinning emerging as a versatile method for producing LNFs with diameters typically in the nanometer range. The intrinsic properties including molecular weight, polydispersity, and glass transition temperature, significantly influence nanofiber formation and performance. Environmental applications of LNFs are extensively reviewed, highlighting their potential in adsorption of pollutants, air filtration, energy storage devices, and as catalyst supports. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in large-scale production, consistency of properties, and economic viability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of LNFs technology, addressing both opportunities and challenges in leveraging this sustainable material for environmental solutions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13205-025-04387-2.].

We identified and curated 14 full-length TRP channel genes in Bemisia tabaci Asia II-1, TRPA (TRPA1, TRPA5, Pain, Painless, Pyrexia, Waterwitch), TRPC (TRPL, TRPγ), TRPV (Nanchung, Inactive), TRPM, TRPN, TRPML, and TRPP (PKD1), from an initial 22 candidates using a 98% identity cutoff. Gene structures ranged from intron-less (Pain, Painless, Pyrexia, Waterwitch) to highly intron-rich (TRPN/TRPM: 24 exons/23 introns). Conserved motif/domain analyses recovered canonical Ion-transport and ankyrin-repeat signatures; TRPN uniquely showed eight predicted trans-membranes and the highest ankyrin count, while TRPM carried a SLOG motif, TRPML had ELD-TRPML domain, and PKD1 contained polycystin domain. Homology models (SWISS-MODEL; GMQE 0.45-0.88) displayed conserved S1-S4/S5-S6 architecture. DeepLoc predicted predominant plasma-membrane localization (probability > 0.6 for most channels) with lysosomal/vacuolar co-localization for subsets (e.g., Pain, Pyrexia, Nanchung). Chromosomal mapping showed clustered distributions: Chr02 (Waterwitch, Pyrexia, Inactive), Chr03 (TRPL, Pain, Painless, TRPA1, Nanchung, TRPN), Chr04 (TRPA5, PKD1), Chr06 (TRPM, TRPγ), and solitary TRPML on Chr10. Phylogenetic analysis (IQ-TREE ML and NJ/RAxML) resolved seven subfamilies with strong support (bootstrap ≥ 85%), highlighting tight TRPA clustering and mechanotransductive TRPV pair (Nanchung/Inactive). qPCR across six tissues (calibrator: whole body) revealed antenna-enriched expression for Inactive (7.53 ± 0.44), Nanchung (5.88 ± 0.44), Waterwitch (5.77 ± 0.44), and TRPA1 (5.30 ± 0.44) (FDR < 0.01), leg/wing showed elevation for Nanchung/Inactive/ TRPN, and abdominal upregulation of PKD1 (4.85 ± 0.06) and TRPM (4.28 ± 0.06). Developmentally (calibrator: adult), nymph and prepupa showed marked increase, e.g., Nanchung 14.90 ± 0.16, Inactive 12.40 ± 0.05, Waterwitch 11.84 ± 0.47, Pyrexia 8.25 ± 1.41 (FDR < 0.01). ANOVA confirmed strong heterogeneity (stage-wise F > 90, p < 0.001) with Dunnett/FDR significance. These tissue and stage-biased profiles nominate Nanchung, Inactive, TRPA1, and TRPM/PKD1 as prioritized candidates for functional assays and stage-specific pest management.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04638-2.

Nutraceuticals, a significant category of bioactive compounds, play a crucial role in promoting human health and preventing diseases. The expanding market for nutraceuticals is largely driven by heightened public health awareness. However, conventional production methods fall short in meeting the rapidly growing market demand. Unlike chemical synthesis or plant extraction, microbial cell factories offer a sustainable and increasingly prominent alternative for nutraceutical production. Various microbial systems, such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been engineered as multifunctional cell factories to synthesize diverse nutraceuticals. This review systematically summarizes the biosynthesis of various nutraceuticals using microbial cell factories, including vitamins, polysaccharides, and flavonoids. Additionally, it examines current challenges in this field, along with potential solutions and future prospects. Collectively, microbial cell factories are pioneering sustainable approaches to address pressing global health demands.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for 90% of pancreatic cancer (PC). The inefficient early detection and screening methods make PDAC the fourth deadliest cancer worldwide. The adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies can manage the disease, but often with very low efficacy, resulting in a low 5-year survival rate of just 12%. Site-specific drug targeting and more precise early detection could be the way forward. Biological vehicles, like exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle, play a crucial role in the development and metastasis of various types of cancer, including PC. By nature, exosomes are nano-sized vesicles secreted by most cells, including cancer cells. They carry biologically active molecules that facilitate cell-cell communication and signaling and are specific for each type of cancer, including PDACs. These PC-secreted exosomes have a unique molecular signature that is being investigated for PC diagnosis. Additionally, these vesicles could be engineered biologically, chemically, and immunologically to identify and target PC-affected sites for site-specific drug delivery. The strategic payload delivery capability of exosomes enhances the bioavailability and specificity of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, significant challenges remain in the clinical application of exosomes as drug carriers and biomarkers. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of exosomes in PC development, contribution to metastasis, immunomodulation, and chemoresistance in PC. It emphasizes the therapeutic potential in tune with site-specific drug delivery and diagnostic applications of exosome-associated molecular signatures in PC detection.

As the generation of waste activated sludge (WAS) increases and the problem of resource scarcity worsens, the demand for sustainable sludge disposal and resource recovery technologies is growing rapidly. In this study, a novel combined enzymatic-thermal hydrolysis process was assessed for enhancing mass reduction and resource recovery from WAS. Heating temperature, as the key parameter was optimized. With combined enzymatic-thermal hydrolysis, a maximum SCOD concentration of 48,619 mg/L was achieved in combined hydrolysis liquid (CHL) under an optimum temperature of 165 ℃ (CHL₁₆₅). The concentration of PS and PN in CHL₁₆₅ were 4.4 % and 11.1 % higher than that in thermal hydrolysis liquid (THL) at 165 ℃ (THL₁₆₅). Meanwhile, the contents of heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, and Cr) in CHL were all below 0.5 mg/L, indicating that the application posed an extremely low risk to the ecological environment and human health. Comparing with raw WAS, the mass reduction rate of up to 28.3 % was achieved. Moreover, the utilization of CHL₁₆₅ as a carbon source to facilitate nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) removal in wastewater treatment resulted in the efficiency reaching 94.0 % of that achieved with commercial sodium acetate. Accordingly, the CHL₁₆₅ played a prominent role as a carbon source with slow-release effect for denitrification in reducing the cost of NO₃^--N removal. The above research will provide a new direction for the advanced resource utilization of WAS.

In this study, heterogeneous biochar catalysts derived from spent coffee grounds (HCBCs) and walnut shells (HWBCs) were synthesized at three pyrolysis temperatures (500 °C (HCBC500, HWBC500), 650 °C (HCBC650, HWBC650), and 800 °C (HCBC800, HWBC800)) to elucidate effects of changes in the aromatization degree determining electron exchange capacity (EEC) of heterogeneous biochar catalysts on the degradation of naproxen (NPX) via the electron transfer-mediated activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS). The greater EEC values of highly aromatic HCBCs and HWBCs produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures led to increased degradation efficiencies of NPX by the HCBCs/PDS and HWBCs/PDS systems. The HCBC800/PDS system achieved the highest degradation efficiency of NPX, at 80.9%, compared to 16.4-48.1% for other systems. These observations highlight that the EEC relying on the aromatization degree of heterogeneous biochar catalysts is a key factor governing the degradation of NPX via the electron transfer-mediated activation of PDS. In the HCBC800/PDS system, electrophilic decarboxylation induced by superoxide-derived singlet oxygen was mainly responsible for the degradation of NPX rather than hydroxyl radical-driven electrophilic hydroxylation. Moreover, the HCBC800/PDS system exhibited excellent reuse efficiency (≥73.2%) for the degradation of NPX over four consecutive cycles. Although increases in bioaccumulation potential and mutagenicity were detected for some degradation intermediates of NPX produced via the HCBC800/PDS system, most of them were less harmful to aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, HCBC800 could be a promising option as a carbonaceous material-based heterogeneous catalyst to activate PDS via the electron transfer for eliminating NPX.

Low-rank coal represents a challenging substrate for biomethane production due to its low biodegradability, limiting conventional bioconversion efficiencies. This study employed an Electric Field-driven Anaerobic Digestion (EFAD) system to enhance methane production from lignite by stimulating both direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) and classical methanogenic pathways (hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic). Batch experiments demonstrated a 3.8-fold increase in methane yield under EFAD compared to conventional anaerobic digestion, with DIET accounting for approximately 22 % of methane production. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed reduced charge transfer resistance and enhanced redox activity, indicating improved electron transfer in the EFAD system. Microbial community analysis showed enrichment of electroactive bacteria and methanogens. Selective inhibition of methanogenic pathways confirmed the participation of targeted methanogens and highlighted the EFAD system's ability to mitigate pathway suppression via DIET enhancement. These results provide mechanistic insights that advance the potential of bioelectrochemical methods for efficient, scalable biomethane recovery from low-rank coal.