Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12914-5
Ming Xu, Fulong Li, Xiaoli Zhang, Baipeng Chen, Yi Geng, Ping Ouyang, Defang Chen, Liangyu Li, Xiaoli Huang
The intestinal microbiota interacts with the host and plays an important role in the immune response, digestive physiology, and regulation of body functions. In addition, it is also well documented that the intestinal microbiota of aquatic animals are closely related to their growth rate. However, whether it resulted in different sizes of crayfish in the rice-crayfish coculture model remained vague. Here, we analyzed the intestinal microbiota characteristics of crayfish of three sizes in the same typical rice-crayfish coculture field by high-throughput sequencing technology combined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme activity, investigating the relationship between intestinal microbiota in crayfish and water and sediments. The results showed that the dominant intestinal microbiota of crayfish was significantly different between the large size group (BS), normal size group (NS), and small size group (SS), where Bacteroides and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma contributed to the growth of crayfish by facilitating food digestion through cellulolysis, which might be one of the potential factors affecting the difference in sizes. Follow-up experiments confirmed that the activity of lipase (LPS) and protease was higher in BS, and the relative expression of development-related genes, including alpha-amylase (α-AMY), myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2a (MEF2a), glutathione reductase (GR), chitinase (CHI), and ecdysone receptor (EcR), in BS was significantly higher than that in SS. These findings revealed the intestinal microbiota characteristics of crayfish of different sizes and their potential impact on growth, which is valuable for managing and manipulating the intestinal microbiota in crayfish to achieve high productivity in practice. KEY POINTS: • Significant differences in the dominant microflora of BS, NS, and SS in crayfish. • Cellulolysis might be a potential factor affecting different sizes in crayfish. • Adding Bacteroides and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma helped the growth of crayfish.
{"title":"Microbiome analysis reveals the intestinal microbiota characteristics and potential impact of Procambarus clarkii.","authors":"Ming Xu, Fulong Li, Xiaoli Zhang, Baipeng Chen, Yi Geng, Ping Ouyang, Defang Chen, Liangyu Li, Xiaoli Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12914-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-023-12914-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal microbiota interacts with the host and plays an important role in the immune response, digestive physiology, and regulation of body functions. In addition, it is also well documented that the intestinal microbiota of aquatic animals are closely related to their growth rate. However, whether it resulted in different sizes of crayfish in the rice-crayfish coculture model remained vague. Here, we analyzed the intestinal microbiota characteristics of crayfish of three sizes in the same typical rice-crayfish coculture field by high-throughput sequencing technology combined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme activity, investigating the relationship between intestinal microbiota in crayfish and water and sediments. The results showed that the dominant intestinal microbiota of crayfish was significantly different between the large size group (BS), normal size group (NS), and small size group (SS), where Bacteroides and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma contributed to the growth of crayfish by facilitating food digestion through cellulolysis, which might be one of the potential factors affecting the difference in sizes. Follow-up experiments confirmed that the activity of lipase (LPS) and protease was higher in BS, and the relative expression of development-related genes, including alpha-amylase (α-AMY), myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2a (MEF2a), glutathione reductase (GR), chitinase (CHI), and ecdysone receptor (EcR), in BS was significantly higher than that in SS. These findings revealed the intestinal microbiota characteristics of crayfish of different sizes and their potential impact on growth, which is valuable for managing and manipulating the intestinal microbiota in crayfish to achieve high productivity in practice. KEY POINTS: • Significant differences in the dominant microflora of BS, NS, and SS in crayfish. • Cellulolysis might be a potential factor affecting different sizes in crayfish. • Adding Bacteroides and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma helped the growth of crayfish.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10781845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139416186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12823-7
Matthias Windhagauer, Martina A Doblin, Brandon Signal, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Michele Fabris, Raffaela M Abbriano
The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is an emerging host for metabolic engineering, but little is known about how introduced pathways are integrated into the existing metabolic framework of the host or influence transgene expression. In this study, we expressed the heterologous poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) pathway using episomal expression, which draws on the precursor acetyl coenzyme-A (AcCoA). By experimentally perturbing cultivation conditions, we gained insight into the regulation of the endogenous metabolism in transgenic lines under various environmental scenarios, as well as on alterations in AcCoA flux within the host cell. Biosynthesis of PHB led to distinct shifts in the metabolome of the host, and further analysis revealed a condition-dependent relationship between endogenous and transgenic metabolic pathways. Under N limitation, which induced a significant increase in neutral lipid content, both metabolic and transcriptomic data suggest that AcCoA was preferably shunted into the endogenous pathway for lipid biosynthesis over the transgenic PHB pathway. In contrast, supply of organic carbon in the form of glycerol supported both fatty acid and PHB biosynthesis, suggesting cross-talk between cytosolic and plastidial AcCoA precursors. This is the first study to investigate the transcriptomic and metabolomic response of diatom cell lines expressing a heterologous multi-gene pathway under different environmental conditions, providing useful insights for future engineering attempts for pathways based on the precursor AcCoA. KEY POINTS: • PHB expression had minimal effects on transcription of adjacent pathways. • N limitation favoured native lipid rather than transgenic PHB synthesis. • Glycerol addition allowed simultaneous lipid and PHB accumulation.
{"title":"Metabolic response to a heterologous poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) pathway in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.","authors":"Matthias Windhagauer, Martina A Doblin, Brandon Signal, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Michele Fabris, Raffaela M Abbriano","doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12823-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-023-12823-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is an emerging host for metabolic engineering, but little is known about how introduced pathways are integrated into the existing metabolic framework of the host or influence transgene expression. In this study, we expressed the heterologous poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) pathway using episomal expression, which draws on the precursor acetyl coenzyme-A (AcCoA). By experimentally perturbing cultivation conditions, we gained insight into the regulation of the endogenous metabolism in transgenic lines under various environmental scenarios, as well as on alterations in AcCoA flux within the host cell. Biosynthesis of PHB led to distinct shifts in the metabolome of the host, and further analysis revealed a condition-dependent relationship between endogenous and transgenic metabolic pathways. Under N limitation, which induced a significant increase in neutral lipid content, both metabolic and transcriptomic data suggest that AcCoA was preferably shunted into the endogenous pathway for lipid biosynthesis over the transgenic PHB pathway. In contrast, supply of organic carbon in the form of glycerol supported both fatty acid and PHB biosynthesis, suggesting cross-talk between cytosolic and plastidial AcCoA precursors. This is the first study to investigate the transcriptomic and metabolomic response of diatom cell lines expressing a heterologous multi-gene pathway under different environmental conditions, providing useful insights for future engineering attempts for pathways based on the precursor AcCoA. KEY POINTS: • PHB expression had minimal effects on transcription of adjacent pathways. • N limitation favoured native lipid rather than transgenic PHB synthesis. • Glycerol addition allowed simultaneous lipid and PHB accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139429093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 is known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, including two important antitumor anthracyclines: daunorubicin and doxorubicin. Identification of peucemycin and 25-hydroxy peucemycin (peucemycin A), as well as their biosynthetic pathway, has expanded its biosynthetic potential. In this study, we isolated a new peucemycin derivative and identified it as 19-hydroxy peucemycin (peucemycin B). Its antibacterial activity was lower than those of peucemycin and peucemycin A. On the other hand, this newly identified peucemycin derivative had higher anticancer activity than the other two compounds for MKN45, NCI-H1650, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 76.97 µM, 99.68 µM, and 135.2 µM, respectively. Peucemycin biosynthetic gene cluster revealed the presence of a SARP regulator named PeuR whose role was unknown. The presence of the TTA codon in the peuR and the absence of global regulator BldA in S. peucetius reduced its ability to regulate the peucemycin biosynthetic gene cluster. Hence, different mutants harboring these genes were prepared. S. peucetius bldA25 harboring bldA produced 1.75 times and 1.77 times more peucemycin A (11.8 mg/L) and peucemycin B (21.2 mg/L), respectively, than the wild type. On the other hand, S. peucetius R25 harboring peuR produced 1.86 and 1.79 times more peucemycin A (12.5 mg/L) and peucemycin B (21.5 mg/L), respectively, than the wild type. Finally, strain S. peucetius bldAR25 carrying bldA and peuR produced roughly 3.52 and 2.63 times more peucemycin A (23.8 mg/L) and peucemycin B (31.5 mg/L), respectively, than the wild type. KEY POINTS: • This study identifies a new peucemycin derivative, 19-hydroxy peucemycin (peucemycin B). • The SARP regulator (PeuR) acts as a positive regulator of the peucemycin biosynthetic gene cluster. • The overexpression of peuR and heterologous expression of bldA increase the production of peucemycin derivatives.
{"title":"A new peucemycin derivative and impacts of peuR and bldA on peucemycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces peucetius.","authors":"Rubin Thapa Magar, Van Thuy Thi Pham, Purna Bahadur Poudel, Adzemye Fovennso Bridget, Jae Kyung Sohng","doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12923-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-023-12923-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 is known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, including two important antitumor anthracyclines: daunorubicin and doxorubicin. Identification of peucemycin and 25-hydroxy peucemycin (peucemycin A), as well as their biosynthetic pathway, has expanded its biosynthetic potential. In this study, we isolated a new peucemycin derivative and identified it as 19-hydroxy peucemycin (peucemycin B). Its antibacterial activity was lower than those of peucemycin and peucemycin A. On the other hand, this newly identified peucemycin derivative had higher anticancer activity than the other two compounds for MKN45, NCI-H1650, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 76.97 µM, 99.68 µM, and 135.2 µM, respectively. Peucemycin biosynthetic gene cluster revealed the presence of a SARP regulator named PeuR whose role was unknown. The presence of the TTA codon in the peuR and the absence of global regulator BldA in S. peucetius reduced its ability to regulate the peucemycin biosynthetic gene cluster. Hence, different mutants harboring these genes were prepared. S. peucetius bldA25 harboring bldA produced 1.75 times and 1.77 times more peucemycin A (11.8 mg/L) and peucemycin B (21.2 mg/L), respectively, than the wild type. On the other hand, S. peucetius R25 harboring peuR produced 1.86 and 1.79 times more peucemycin A (12.5 mg/L) and peucemycin B (21.5 mg/L), respectively, than the wild type. Finally, strain S. peucetius bldAR25 carrying bldA and peuR produced roughly 3.52 and 2.63 times more peucemycin A (23.8 mg/L) and peucemycin B (31.5 mg/L), respectively, than the wild type. KEY POINTS: • This study identifies a new peucemycin derivative, 19-hydroxy peucemycin (peucemycin B). • The SARP regulator (PeuR) acts as a positive regulator of the peucemycin biosynthetic gene cluster. • The overexpression of peuR and heterologous expression of bldA increase the production of peucemycin derivatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10786969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-12DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12870-0
Jairo I Quintana-Bulla, Luciane A C Tonon, Lamonielli F Michaliski, Eduardo Hajdu, Antonio G Ferreira, Roberto G S Berlinck
Marine bacteria living in association with marine sponges have proven to be a reliable source of biologically active secondary metabolites. However, no studies have yet reported natural products from Microbacterium testaceum spp. We herein report the isolation of a M. testaceum strain from the sponge Tedania brasiliensis. Molecular networking analysis of bioactive pre-fractionated extracts from culture media of M. testaceum enabled the discovery of testacosides A-D. Analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical derivatizations allowed the identification of testacosides A-D as glycoglycerolipids bearing a 1-[α-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-(α-mannopyranosyl)]-glycerol moiety connected to 12-methyltetradecanoic acid for testacoside A (1), 14-methylpentadecanoic acid for testacoside B (2), and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid for testacosides C (3) and D (4). The absolute configuration of the monosaccharide residues was determined by 1H-NMR analysis of the respective diastereomeric thiazolidine derivatives. This is the first report of natural products isolated from cultures of M. testaceum. KEY POINTS: • The first report of metabolites produced by Microbacterium testaceum. • 1-[α-Glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-(α-mannopyranosyl)]-glycerol lipids isolated and identified. • Microbacterium testaceum strain isolated from the sponge Tedania brasiliensis.
{"title":"Testacosides A-D, glycoglycerolipids produced by Microbacterium testaceum isolated from Tedania brasiliensis.","authors":"Jairo I Quintana-Bulla, Luciane A C Tonon, Lamonielli F Michaliski, Eduardo Hajdu, Antonio G Ferreira, Roberto G S Berlinck","doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12870-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-023-12870-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine bacteria living in association with marine sponges have proven to be a reliable source of biologically active secondary metabolites. However, no studies have yet reported natural products from Microbacterium testaceum spp. We herein report the isolation of a M. testaceum strain from the sponge Tedania brasiliensis. Molecular networking analysis of bioactive pre-fractionated extracts from culture media of M. testaceum enabled the discovery of testacosides A-D. Analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical derivatizations allowed the identification of testacosides A-D as glycoglycerolipids bearing a 1-[α-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-(α-mannopyranosyl)]-glycerol moiety connected to 12-methyltetradecanoic acid for testacoside A (1), 14-methylpentadecanoic acid for testacoside B (2), and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid for testacosides C (3) and D (4). The absolute configuration of the monosaccharide residues was determined by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR analysis of the respective diastereomeric thiazolidine derivatives. This is the first report of natural products isolated from cultures of M. testaceum. KEY POINTS: • The first report of metabolites produced by Microbacterium testaceum. • 1-[α-Glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-(α-mannopyranosyl)]-glycerol lipids isolated and identified. • Microbacterium testaceum strain isolated from the sponge Tedania brasiliensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10786734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-13DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12848-y
Yibin Xue, Qiaojuan Yan, Xue Li, Zhengqiang Jiang
A novel aspartic protease gene (TaproA1) from Trichoderma asperellum was successfully expressed in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris). TaproA1 showed 52.8% amino acid sequence identity with the aspartic protease PEP3 from Coccidioides posadasii C735. TaproA1 was efficiently produced in a 5 L fermenter with a protease activity of 4092 U/mL. It exhibited optimal reaction conditions at pH 3.0 and 50 °C and was stable within pH 3.0-6.0 and at temperatures up to 45 °C. The protease exhibited broad substrate specificity with high hydrolysis activity towards myoglobin and hemoglobin. Furthermore, duck blood proteins (hemoglobin and plasma protein) were hydrolyzed by TaproA1 to prepare bioactive peptides with high ACE inhibitory activity. The IC50 values of hemoglobin and plasma protein hydrolysates from duck blood proteins were 0.105 mg/mL and 0.091 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, the high yield and excellent biochemical characterization of TaproA1 presented here make it a potential candidate for the preparation of duck blood peptides. KEY POINTS: • An aspartic protease (TaproA1) from Trichoderma asperellum was expressed in Komagataella phaffii. • TaproA1 exhibited broad substrate specificity and the highest activity towards myoglobin and hemoglobin. • TaproA1 has great potential for the preparation of bioactive peptides from duck blood proteins.
{"title":"Characterization of a novel aspartic protease from Trichoderma asperellum for the preparation of duck blood peptides.","authors":"Yibin Xue, Qiaojuan Yan, Xue Li, Zhengqiang Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12848-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-023-12848-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel aspartic protease gene (TaproA1) from Trichoderma asperellum was successfully expressed in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris). TaproA1 showed 52.8% amino acid sequence identity with the aspartic protease PEP3 from Coccidioides posadasii C735. TaproA1 was efficiently produced in a 5 L fermenter with a protease activity of 4092 U/mL. It exhibited optimal reaction conditions at pH 3.0 and 50 °C and was stable within pH 3.0-6.0 and at temperatures up to 45 °C. The protease exhibited broad substrate specificity with high hydrolysis activity towards myoglobin and hemoglobin. Furthermore, duck blood proteins (hemoglobin and plasma protein) were hydrolyzed by TaproA1 to prepare bioactive peptides with high ACE inhibitory activity. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of hemoglobin and plasma protein hydrolysates from duck blood proteins were 0.105 mg/mL and 0.091 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, the high yield and excellent biochemical characterization of TaproA1 presented here make it a potential candidate for the preparation of duck blood peptides. KEY POINTS: • An aspartic protease (TaproA1) from Trichoderma asperellum was expressed in Komagataella phaffii. • TaproA1 exhibited broad substrate specificity and the highest activity towards myoglobin and hemoglobin. • TaproA1 has great potential for the preparation of bioactive peptides from duck blood proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12866-w
Zhibo Zeng, Saisai Gong, Chuxian Quan, Shimeng Zhou, Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar, Mudassar Iqbal, Yan Li, Xiang Li, Jiakui Li
Gut microorganism (GM) is an integral component of the host microbiome and health system. Abuse of antibiotics disrupts the equilibrium of the microbiome, affecting environmental pathogens and host-associated bacteria alike. However, relatively little research on Bacillus licheniformis alleviates the adverse effects of antibiotics. To test the effect of B. licheniformis as a probiotic supplement against the effects of antibiotics, cefalexin was applied, and the recovery from cefalexin-induced jejunal community disorder and intestinal barrier damage was investigated by pathology, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The result showed that A group (antibiotic treatment) significantly reduced body weight and decreased the length of jejunal intestinal villi and the villi to crypt (V/C) value, which also caused structural damage to the jejunal mucosa. Meanwhile, antibiotic treatment suppressed the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin, occludin, and Ki67 and elevated MUC2 expression more than the other Groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). However, T group (B. licheniformis supplements after antibiotic treatment) restored the expression of the above genes, and there was no statistically significant difference compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Moreover, the antibiotic treatment increased the relative abundance of 4 bacterial phyla affiliated with 16 bacterial genera in the jejunum community, including the dominant Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria in the jejunum. B. licheniformis supplements after antibiotic treatment reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Epsilonbacteraeota, Lactobacillus, and Candidatus Stoquefichus. This study uses mimic real-world exposure scenarios by considering the concentration and duration of exposure relevant to environmental antibiotic contamination levels. We described the post-antibiotic treatment with B. licheniformis could restore intestinal microbiome disorders and repair the intestinal barrier. KEY POINTS: • B. licheniformis post-antibiotics restore gut balance, repair barrier, and aid health • Antibiotics harm the gut barrier, alter structure, and raise disease risk • Long-term antibiotics affect the gut and increase disease susceptibility.
{"title":"Impact of Bacillus licheniformis from yaks following antibiotic therapy in mouse model.","authors":"Zhibo Zeng, Saisai Gong, Chuxian Quan, Shimeng Zhou, Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar, Mudassar Iqbal, Yan Li, Xiang Li, Jiakui Li","doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12866-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-023-12866-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut microorganism (GM) is an integral component of the host microbiome and health system. Abuse of antibiotics disrupts the equilibrium of the microbiome, affecting environmental pathogens and host-associated bacteria alike. However, relatively little research on Bacillus licheniformis alleviates the adverse effects of antibiotics. To test the effect of B. licheniformis as a probiotic supplement against the effects of antibiotics, cefalexin was applied, and the recovery from cefalexin-induced jejunal community disorder and intestinal barrier damage was investigated by pathology, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The result showed that A group (antibiotic treatment) significantly reduced body weight and decreased the length of jejunal intestinal villi and the villi to crypt (V/C) value, which also caused structural damage to the jejunal mucosa. Meanwhile, antibiotic treatment suppressed the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin, occludin, and Ki67 and elevated MUC2 expression more than the other Groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). However, T group (B. licheniformis supplements after antibiotic treatment) restored the expression of the above genes, and there was no statistically significant difference compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Moreover, the antibiotic treatment increased the relative abundance of 4 bacterial phyla affiliated with 16 bacterial genera in the jejunum community, including the dominant Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria in the jejunum. B. licheniformis supplements after antibiotic treatment reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Epsilonbacteraeota, Lactobacillus, and Candidatus Stoquefichus. This study uses mimic real-world exposure scenarios by considering the concentration and duration of exposure relevant to environmental antibiotic contamination levels. We described the post-antibiotic treatment with B. licheniformis could restore intestinal microbiome disorders and repair the intestinal barrier. KEY POINTS: • B. licheniformis post-antibiotics restore gut balance, repair barrier, and aid health • Antibiotics harm the gut barrier, alter structure, and raise disease risk • Long-term antibiotics affect the gut and increase disease susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-13DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12922-5
So Yanagibashi, Takahiro Bamba, Takayoshi Kirisako, Akihiko Kondo, Tomohisa Hasunuma
Terpenoids are widely used in the food, beverage, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Microorganisms have been extensively studied for terpenoid production. In yeast, the introduction of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in organelles in addition to the augmentation of its own MVA pathway have been challenging. Introduction of the MVA pathway into mitochondria is considered a promising approach for terpenoid production because acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule of the MVA pathway, is abundant in mitochondria. However, mitochondria comprise only a small percentage of the entire cell. Therefore, we hypothesized that increasing the total mitochondrial volume per cell would increase terpenoid production. First, we ascertained that the amounts of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), the final molecules of the MVA pathway, were 15-fold higher of the strain expressing the MVA pathway in mitochondria than in the wild-type yeast strain. Second, we found that different deletion mutants induced different mitochondrial volumes by measuring the mitochondrial volume in various deletion mutants affecting mitochondrial morphology; for example,Δmdm32 increased mitochondrial volume, and Δfzo1 decreased it. Finally, the effects of mitochondrial volume on amounts of IPP/DMAPP and terpenoids (squalene or β-carotene) were investigated using mutants harboring large or small mitochondria expressing the MVA pathway in mitochondria. Amounts of IPP/DMAPP and terpenoids (squalene or β-carotene) increased when the mitochondrial volume expanded. Introducing the MVA pathway into mitochondria for terpenoid production in yeast may become more attractive by enlarging the mitochondrial volume. KEY POINTS: • IPP/DMAPP content increased in the strain expressing the MVA pathway in mitochondria • IPP/DMAPP and terpenoid contents are positively correlated with mitochondrial volume • Enlarging the mitochondria may improve mitochondria-mediated terpenoid production.
{"title":"The potency of mitochondria enlargement for mitochondria-mediated terpenoid production in yeast.","authors":"So Yanagibashi, Takahiro Bamba, Takayoshi Kirisako, Akihiko Kondo, Tomohisa Hasunuma","doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12922-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-023-12922-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terpenoids are widely used in the food, beverage, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Microorganisms have been extensively studied for terpenoid production. In yeast, the introduction of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in organelles in addition to the augmentation of its own MVA pathway have been challenging. Introduction of the MVA pathway into mitochondria is considered a promising approach for terpenoid production because acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule of the MVA pathway, is abundant in mitochondria. However, mitochondria comprise only a small percentage of the entire cell. Therefore, we hypothesized that increasing the total mitochondrial volume per cell would increase terpenoid production. First, we ascertained that the amounts of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), the final molecules of the MVA pathway, were 15-fold higher of the strain expressing the MVA pathway in mitochondria than in the wild-type yeast strain. Second, we found that different deletion mutants induced different mitochondrial volumes by measuring the mitochondrial volume in various deletion mutants affecting mitochondrial morphology; for example,Δmdm32 increased mitochondrial volume, and Δfzo1 decreased it. Finally, the effects of mitochondrial volume on amounts of IPP/DMAPP and terpenoids (squalene or β-carotene) were investigated using mutants harboring large or small mitochondria expressing the MVA pathway in mitochondria. Amounts of IPP/DMAPP and terpenoids (squalene or β-carotene) increased when the mitochondrial volume expanded. Introducing the MVA pathway into mitochondria for terpenoid production in yeast may become more attractive by enlarging the mitochondrial volume. KEY POINTS: • IPP/DMAPP content increased in the strain expressing the MVA pathway in mitochondria • IPP/DMAPP and terpenoid contents are positively correlated with mitochondrial volume • Enlarging the mitochondria may improve mitochondria-mediated terpenoid production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2345891
Badriyah Alotaibi, Engy Elekhnawy, Thanaa A El-Masry, Asmaa Saleh, Manal E Alosaimi, Khalid Nijr Alotaibi, Walaa A Negm
The widespread dissemination of bacterial resistance has led to great attention being paid to finding substitutes for traditionally used antibiotics. Plants are rich in various phytochemicals that could be used as antibacterial therapies. Here, we elucidate the phytochemical profile of Euphorbia canariensis ethanol extract (EMEE) and then elucidate the antibacterial potential of ECEE against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. ECEE showed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 128 to 512 µg/mL. The impact of ECEE on the biofilm-forming ability of the tested isolates was elucidated using crystal violet assay and qRT-PCR to study its effect on the gene expression level. ECEE exhibited antibiofilm potential, which resulted in a downregulation of the expression of the biofilm genes (algD, pelF, and pslD) in 39.13% of the tested isolates. The antibacterial potential of ECEE was studied in vivo using a lung infection model in mice. A remarkable improvement was observed in the ECEE-treated group, as revealed by the histological and immunohistochemical studies. Also, ELISA showed a noticeable decrease in the oxidative stress markers (nitric oxide and malondialdehyde). The gene expression of the proinflammatory marker (interleukin-6) was downregulated, while the anti-inflammatory biomarker was upregulated (interleukin-10). Thus, clinical trials should be performed soon to explore the potential antibacterial activity of ECEE, which could help in our battle against resistant pathogenic bacteria.
{"title":"Antibacterial potential of <i>Euphorbia canariensis</i> against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> bacteria causing respiratory tract infections.","authors":"Badriyah Alotaibi, Engy Elekhnawy, Thanaa A El-Masry, Asmaa Saleh, Manal E Alosaimi, Khalid Nijr Alotaibi, Walaa A Negm","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2345891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2345891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread dissemination of bacterial resistance has led to great attention being paid to finding substitutes for traditionally used antibiotics. Plants are rich in various phytochemicals that could be used as antibacterial therapies. Here, we elucidate the phytochemical profile of <i>Euphorbia canariensis</i> ethanol extract (EMEE) and then elucidate the antibacterial potential of ECEE against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> clinical isolates. ECEE showed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 128 to 512 µg/mL. The impact of ECEE on the biofilm-forming ability of the tested isolates was elucidated using crystal violet assay and qRT-PCR to study its effect on the gene expression level. ECEE exhibited antibiofilm potential, which resulted in a downregulation of the expression of the biofilm genes (algD, pelF, and <i>psl</i>D) in 39.13% of the tested isolates. The antibacterial potential of ECEE was studied <i>in vivo</i> using a lung infection model in mice. A remarkable improvement was observed in the ECEE-treated group, as revealed by the histological and immunohistochemical studies. Also, ELISA showed a noticeable decrease in the oxidative stress markers (nitric oxide and malondialdehyde). The gene expression of the proinflammatory marker (interleukin-6) was downregulated, while the anti-inflammatory biomarker was upregulated (interleukin-10). Thus, clinical trials should be performed soon to explore the potential antibacterial activity of ECEE, which could help in our battle against resistant pathogenic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabrication of haemostatic materials with excellent antimicrobial, biocompatible and biodegradable properties remains as a major challenge in the field of medicine. Haemostatic agents play vital role in protecting patients and military individuals during emergency situations. Natural polymers serve as promising materials for fabricating haemostatic compounds due to their efficacy in promoting hemostasis and wound healing. In the present work, sodium alginate/aloe vera/sericin (SA/AV/S) scaffold has been fabricated using a simple cost-effective casting method. The prepared SA/AV/S scaffolds were characterised for their physicochemical properties such as scanning electron microscope, UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. SA/AV/S scaffold showed good mechanical strength, swelling behaviour and antibacterial activity. In vitro experiments using erythrocytes proved the hemocompatible and biocompatible features of SA/AV/S scaffold. In vitro blood clotting assay performed using human blood demonstrated the haemostatic and blood absorption properties of SA/AV/S scaffold. Scratch wound assay was performed to study the wound healing efficacy of prepared scaffolds. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay carried out using fertilised embryos proved the angiogenic property of SA/AV/S scaffold. Thus, SA/AV/S scaffold could serve as a potential haemostatic healthcare product due to its outstanding haemostatic, antimicrobial, hemocompatible, biocompatible and angiogenic properties.
{"title":"Haemostatic potency of sodium alginate/aloe vera/sericin composite scaffolds - preparation, characterisation, and evaluation.","authors":"Jayavardhini Bhoopathy, Weslen Vedakumari Sathyaraj, Beryl Vedha Yesudhason, Selvarajan Rajendran, Sankari Dharmalingam, Jayashri Seetharaman, Ranjitha Muthu, Ramachandran Murugesan, Subramanian Raghunandhakumar, Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2023.2293784","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21691401.2023.2293784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fabrication of haemostatic materials with excellent antimicrobial, biocompatible and biodegradable properties remains as a major challenge in the field of medicine. Haemostatic agents play vital role in protecting patients and military individuals during emergency situations. Natural polymers serve as promising materials for fabricating haemostatic compounds due to their efficacy in promoting hemostasis and wound healing. In the present work, sodium alginate/aloe vera/sericin (SA/AV/S) scaffold has been fabricated using a simple cost-effective casting method. The prepared SA/AV/S scaffolds were characterised for their physicochemical properties such as scanning electron microscope, UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. SA/AV/S scaffold showed good mechanical strength, swelling behaviour and antibacterial activity. In vitro experiments using erythrocytes proved the hemocompatible and biocompatible features of SA/AV/S scaffold. In vitro blood clotting assay performed using human blood demonstrated the haemostatic and blood absorption properties of SA/AV/S scaffold. Scratch wound assay was performed to study the wound healing efficacy of prepared scaffolds. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay carried out using fertilised embryos proved the angiogenic property of SA/AV/S scaffold. Thus, SA/AV/S scaffold could serve as a potential haemostatic healthcare product due to its outstanding haemostatic, antimicrobial, hemocompatible, biocompatible and angiogenic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138796295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2023-12-28DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12913-6
Chenxi He, Haiyang Zhang, Xi Chen, Rujing Diao, Jianan Sun, Xiangzhao Mao
Phospholipids are distinctive, adaptable molecules that are crucial to numerous biological systems. Additionally, their various architectures and amphiphilic characteristics support their unrivaled crucial functions in scientific and industrial applications. Due to their enormous potential for use in the fields of medicine, food, cosmetics, and health, structured phospholipids, which are modified phospholipids, have garnered increased attention. Traditional extraction methods, however, are pricy, resource-intensive, and low-yielding. The process of enzyme-catalyzed conversion is effective for producing several types of structured phospholipase. However, most frequently employed catalytic procedures involve biphasic systems with organic solvents, which have a relatively large mass transfer resistance and are susceptible to solvent residues and environmental effects due to the hydrophobic nature of phospholipids. Therefore, the adoption of innovative, successful, and environmentally friendly enzyme-catalyzed conversion systems provides a new development route in the field of structured phospholipids processing. Several innovative catalytic reaction systems are discussed in this mini-review, including aqueous-solid system, mixed micelle system, water-in-oil microemulsion system, Pickering emulsion system, novel solvent system, three-liquid-phase system, and supercritical carbon dioxide solvent system. However, there is still a glaring need for a thorough examination of these systems for the enzymatic synthesis of structural phospholipids. In terms of the materials utilized, applicability, benefits and drawbacks, and comparative effectiveness of each system, this research establishes further conditions for the system's selection. To create more effective biocatalytic processes, it is still important to build green biocatalytic processes with improved performance. KEY POINTS: • The latest catalytic systems of phospholipase D are thoroughly summarized. • The various systems are contrasted, and their traits are enumerated. • Different catalytic systems' areas of applicability and limitations are discussed.
磷脂是一种独特的、适应性强的分子,对许多生物系统至关重要。此外,磷脂的各种结构和两亲特性也支持其在科学和工业应用中发挥无与伦比的重要功能。由于其在医药、食品、化妆品和健康领域的巨大应用潜力,结构磷脂(即改性磷脂)受到越来越多的关注。然而,传统的提取方法价格昂贵、资源密集且产量低。酶催化转化过程可有效生产多种类型的结构磷脂酶。然而,最常用的催化程序涉及使用有机溶剂的双相系统,这种系统的传质阻力相对较大,而且由于磷脂的疏水性,容易产生溶剂残留和环境影响。因此,采用创新、成功、环保的酶催化转化体系为结构磷脂加工领域提供了一条新的发展道路。本微综述讨论了几种创新的催化反应体系,包括水固体系、混合胶束体系、油包水微乳液体系、皮克林乳液体系、新型溶剂体系、三液相体系和超临界二氧化碳溶剂体系。然而,在酶法合成结构磷脂方面,仍亟需对这些体系进行深入研究。本研究从各系统所使用的材料、适用性、利弊和有效性比较等方面,为系统的选择提供了进一步的条件。为了创造更有效的生物催化过程,建立性能更高的绿色生物催化过程仍然非常重要。要点:- 全面总结了磷脂酶 D 的最新催化体系。- 对各种催化体系进行了对比,并列举了它们的特点。- 讨论了不同催化体系的适用范围和局限性。
{"title":"Novel reaction systems for catalytic synthesis of structured phospholipids.","authors":"Chenxi He, Haiyang Zhang, Xi Chen, Rujing Diao, Jianan Sun, Xiangzhao Mao","doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12913-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-023-12913-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phospholipids are distinctive, adaptable molecules that are crucial to numerous biological systems. Additionally, their various architectures and amphiphilic characteristics support their unrivaled crucial functions in scientific and industrial applications. Due to their enormous potential for use in the fields of medicine, food, cosmetics, and health, structured phospholipids, which are modified phospholipids, have garnered increased attention. Traditional extraction methods, however, are pricy, resource-intensive, and low-yielding. The process of enzyme-catalyzed conversion is effective for producing several types of structured phospholipase. However, most frequently employed catalytic procedures involve biphasic systems with organic solvents, which have a relatively large mass transfer resistance and are susceptible to solvent residues and environmental effects due to the hydrophobic nature of phospholipids. Therefore, the adoption of innovative, successful, and environmentally friendly enzyme-catalyzed conversion systems provides a new development route in the field of structured phospholipids processing. Several innovative catalytic reaction systems are discussed in this mini-review, including aqueous-solid system, mixed micelle system, water-in-oil microemulsion system, Pickering emulsion system, novel solvent system, three-liquid-phase system, and supercritical carbon dioxide solvent system. However, there is still a glaring need for a thorough examination of these systems for the enzymatic synthesis of structural phospholipids. In terms of the materials utilized, applicability, benefits and drawbacks, and comparative effectiveness of each system, this research establishes further conditions for the system's selection. To create more effective biocatalytic processes, it is still important to build green biocatalytic processes with improved performance. KEY POINTS: • The latest catalytic systems of phospholipase D are thoroughly summarized. • The various systems are contrasted, and their traits are enumerated. • Different catalytic systems' areas of applicability and limitations are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}