IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-10-30 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742939

F. Warren-Myers , O. Folkedal , V. Nola , F. Oppedal

Efficient crowding of fish in sea cages for the purpose of transferring them to fasting, treatments or slaughter, is critical for insuring fish are moved quickly with minimal stress. With the development of larger offshore cages holding millions of fish and/or submerged cage salmon aquaculture, extraction of fish will potentially be more difficult. Particularly if farmers seek to remove portions of the biomass at a time without lifting cages to the surface. Using salmon innate swimming behaviours may aid to develop innovative, simple, welfare-friendly removal methods. Here we investigate whether the direction of crowding in a submerged cage influences the exit behaviour of salmon when extracted at depth for the purpose of pumping to a well-boat or otherwise. Using replicates of 46 large (∼4.3 kg) or 128 small (∼1.3 kg) Atlantic salmon and a prototype submerged cube cage (27 m³) fitted with a movable wall, we test to see if crowding salmon towards a 50 cm diameter circular opening in either the top, side, or bottom of the cage influences fish exit rate. Our results show that when crowding fish by incrementally reducing the cage volume by a factor of 12 over 25 mins, for both fish sizes ∼80 % of fish exited the cage via sideways crowding, whereas only 20 to 50 % exited by top up or bottom down crowding directions. Furthermore, maximum relative fish densities reached during crowding tests were almost halved for sidewards crowding (37–43 kg m⁻³) compared to downwards or upwards crowding directions (59–73 kg m⁻³). We conclude that fish visualization of the exit hole and their natural circular swimming behaviour favoured sideways extraction. Hence, with a sea cage design that enables sideways crowding, it may be possible to extract fish quickly with minimal stress, and without needing to raise cages to the surface.

为了将鱼转移到禁食、治疗或屠宰的目的，将鱼有效地挤在海网箱中，对于确保以最小的压力快速移动鱼是至关重要的。随着可容纳数百万条鱼的大型近海网箱和/或水下网箱鲑鱼水产养殖的发展，鱼类的提取可能会变得更加困难。特别是如果农民试图一次移除部分生物量，而不将笼子抬起到地面。利用鲑鱼天生的游泳行为可能有助于开发创新，简单，福利友好的清除方法。在这里，我们研究了在水下笼中拥挤的方向是否会影响鲑鱼在深度抽取时的退出行为，以便泵送到井船或其他方式。我们使用46条大（~ 4.3 kg）或128条小（~ 1.3 kg）大西洋鲑鱼和一个装有可移动壁的原型水下立方体网箱（27 m3）进行重复试验，以观察将鲑鱼挤向网箱顶部、侧面或底部直径50厘米的圆形开口是否会影响鱼的退出率。我们的研究结果表明，当通过在25分钟内逐步减少笼子体积的12倍来拥挤鱼时，对于两种鱼的大小，约80%的鱼通过侧向拥挤离开笼子，而只有20%至50%的鱼通过自上而下或自下而上的拥挤方向离开笼子。此外，在拥挤试验期间，与向下或向上拥挤方向（59-73 kg m - 3）相比，向侧拥挤（37-43 kg m - 3）达到的最大相对鱼密度几乎减半。我们得出的结论是，鱼类对出口孔的可视化和它们自然的圆形游泳行为有利于侧向提取。因此，采用能够向两侧拥挤的海网箱设计，就有可能以最小的压力快速捕获鱼类，而无需将网箱提升到水面。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of acidification and warming on carbon sequestration capacity in Pacific oysters: Roles of biosynthesis and biodeposition 酸化和变暖对太平洋牡蛎固碳能力的影响：生物合成和生物沉积的作用

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-10-30 Epub Date: 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742906

Zi-Jing Meng, Cheng-Zhuang Chen, Yu-Qing Ma, Jian-Xue Feng, Ling Liu, Ping Li, Zhi-Hua Li

Bivalve aquaculture shows promise as a carbon sink, but its sensitivity to temperature and pH fluctuations highlights the need to study the effects of ocean acidification (OA) and ocean warming (OW) on carbon sequestration. This study investigates the effects of OA and OW on physiological processes and carbon sequestration mediated by biosynthesis and biodeposition in Crassostrea gigas. OA significantly enhances carbon ingestion, reduces respiratory carbon, increases carbon allocation to growth, improves digestive efficiency, and promotes TOC accumulation in soft tissues (all p < 0.05). While OW significantly increases excreted and fecal carbon (p < 0.05), but enhanced digestion compensates for energy loss, sustaining TOC accumulation. Combined OA and OW significantly altered soft tissue carbon sequestration, with values between OA and OW alone (p < 0.05). Notably, their interaction increases biodeposit density and sinking velocity (p < 0.05), potentially enhancing carbon burial. Tissue-specific metabolic responses reveal that muscle tissue prioritizes energy production, whereas the digestive gland follows an opposite trend, resulting in uneven energy distribution. Furthermore, functional predictions based on KEGG pathway analysis and correlation patterns suggest that SCFAs production via tryptophan metabolism might be a potential mechanism through which probiotics modulate host metabolism and contribute to biosynthesis-mediated carbon sequestration. However, disruptions in microbial homeostasis due to an imbalance between probiotics and pathogens in the digestive gland may threaten the long-term sustainability of this sequestration process. These findings provide insights into the complex physiological and microbial responses of oysters under climate change, highlighting potential mechanisms for carbon sequestration in marine ecosystems.

双壳类水产养殖显示出作为碳汇的潜力，但其对温度和pH波动的敏感性凸显了研究海洋酸化（OA）和海洋变暖（OW）对碳封存的影响的必要性。本研究探讨了OA和OW对长牡蛎生理过程以及生物合成和沉积介导的碳固存的影响。OA显著增加碳摄入，减少呼吸碳，增加生长碳分配，提高消化效率，促进软组织TOC积累(p <；0.05)。而OW则显著增加了排泄和粪便中的碳(p <；0.05)，但消化能力的增强弥补了能量损失，维持了TOC的积累。OA和OW联合使用显著改变了软组织碳固存，其值介于OA和OW之间(p <；0.05)。值得注意的是，它们的相互作用增加了生物沉积物密度和下沉速度(p <；0.05)，可能增强碳埋藏。组织特异性代谢反应表明，肌肉组织优先产生能量，而消化腺则遵循相反的趋势，导致能量分布不均匀。此外，基于KEGG通路分析和相关模式的功能预测表明，通过色氨酸代谢产生SCFAs可能是益生菌调节宿主代谢和促进生物合成介导的碳固存的潜在机制。然而，由于消化腺中益生菌和病原体之间的不平衡，微生物稳态的破坏可能会威胁到这种隔离过程的长期可持续性。这些发现揭示了气候变化下牡蛎复杂的生理和微生物反应，突出了海洋生态系统碳固存的潜在机制。

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引用次数: 0

Recombinant gonadotropin induced out-of-season spawning and larval culture of flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) 重组促性腺激素诱导平头灰鲻鱼越季产卵及幼鱼培养

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-10-30 Epub Date: 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742908

Giancarlo Cerrud-Barría , Alicia Estévez , Sandra Ramos-Júdez , Ignacio Giménez , Neil Duncan

The flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) held in intensive captive condition does not sexually mature. The present study, aimed to apply recombinant gonadotropin (rGth) protocols to advance spawning by three months and demonstrate the protocols potential for juvenile production. Eight females and seven males were divided into an rGth group that was treated with species specific recombinant follicle stimulating hormone and recombinant luteinizing hormone and a control group treated with saline. The rGths-treated males completed spermiation and the females completed vitellogenesis and spawning in June–July, three months before the natural spawning period (September – October). Control females did not advance with oogenesis and control males did not advance to spermiation. Eggs were incubated, and hatched larvae were reared in three replicated densities (16, 32, and 51 larvae/L, 100 L tanks) and in grey and black 500 L tanks at 30 larvae/L. Final survival at 16 larvae/L was 14.13 ± 5.2 % at 42 days post- hatching (dph) and a correlation between survival and stocking density predicted 3 juveniles/L could be obtained at 42 dph with an initial density of 38 larvae/L. Larvae reared in black tanks had a superior growth rate (16.70 ± 0.05 mm) in comparison to the grey tanks (11.40 ± 2.80 mm) at 42 dph (P = 0.01). Together, these findings confirm the high efficacy (close to 100 %) of rGths induction protocols, that out-of-season spawning can be induced, and that rGth induced mullet spawning has good potential as a bases for juvenile production.

在密集圈养条件下，平头灰鲻鱼（Mugil cephalus）性成熟。本研究旨在应用重组促性腺激素（rth）方案将产卵提前3个月，并证明该方案对幼鱼生产的潜力。雌性8只，雄性7只，分为两组，分别给予物种特异性重组促卵泡激素和重组黄体生成素治疗，对照组给予生理盐水治疗。在自然产卵期（9 - 10月）前3个月，即6 - 7月，经gths处理的雄鱼完成授精，雌鱼完成卵黄发生和产卵。对照雌虫未发生卵子发育，对照雄虫未发生精子发育。卵孵育，孵化出的幼虫分别在3个重复密度（16、32、51条/L， 100 L箱）和500 L灰色和黑色箱中以30条/L饲养。孵化后42 d， 16只/L的最终存活率为14.13±5.2%，与放养密度的相关性预测，在42 dph条件下，初始密度为38只/L，可获得3只/L的存活率。在42 dph条件下，黑色槽的幼虫生长速度（16.70±0.05 mm）优于灰色槽（11.40±2.80 mm）（P = 0.01）。综上所述，这些发现证实了长度诱导方案的高效率（接近100%），可以诱导淡季产卵，并且长度诱导鲻鱼产卵具有良好的潜力，可以作为幼鱼生产的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Cell deaths conversion regulates the development of Apostichopus japonicus skin ulceration syndrome 细胞死亡转化调控刺参皮肤溃烂综合征的发生

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-10-30 Epub Date: 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742893

Sikou Shen , Yina Shao , Chenghua Li

The transition of diverse programmed cell death serves as a common host defense mechanism against diseases. The occurrence of Apostichopus japonicus skin ulceration syndrome induced by Vibrio splendidus is often accompanied by multiple cell deaths. However, the interaction between different cell death signaling cascades and disease pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we found that V. splendidus infection induce various cell death modes at different time points, which is autophagy leading in the early stage, followed by apoptosis, and necroptosis in the onset stage. More importantly, autophagy inhibition led to the upregulation of necroptosis, thus promoting the development of SUS; Similarly, inhibition of apoptosis induces the level of necroptosis as well as accelerates disease progression. To further address the molecular mechanism of different PCDs conversion, the Direct data-independent acquisition proteomic analysis was conducted before and after autophagy or apoptosis inhibition. The results showed compared with the control groups, the inhibition groups exhibit suppression of normal metabolism and immune response function and upregulation of inflammatory response and immune escape caused by necroptosis. Notably upregulation of necroptosis related proteins RIP3 and MLKL was also observed. Our results further supported that the conversion of different PCDs to necroptosis contributed to SUS outbreak via p62-RIP1-RIP3-caspase8 axis.

多种程序性细胞死亡的转变是宿主对抗疾病的共同防御机制。脾弧菌所致日本刺参皮肤溃疡综合征的发生常伴有多细胞死亡。然而，不同细胞死亡信号级联与疾病发病机制之间的相互作用在很大程度上是未知的。在本研究中，我们发现脾弧菌感染在不同时间点诱导不同的细胞死亡模式，早期为自噬，随后为细胞凋亡，发病期为坏死凋亡。更重要的是，自噬抑制导致坏死下垂的上调，从而促进SUS的发展；同样，抑制细胞凋亡可诱导坏死下垂水平并加速疾病进展。为了进一步研究不同PCDs转化的分子机制，我们在自噬或细胞凋亡抑制前后进行了Direct数据独立获取蛋白质组学分析。结果显示，与对照组相比，抑制组正常代谢和免疫反应功能受到抑制，坏死下垂引起的炎症反应和免疫逃逸上调。坏死坏死相关蛋白RIP3和MLKL也明显上调。我们的研究结果进一步支持不同pcd通过p62-RIP1-RIP3-caspase8轴转化为坏死性坏死导致SUS爆发。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative aquaculture performance of genetically improved triploid oysters of ‘Haida No. 3’ line of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 太平洋牡蛎长牡蛎“海达3号”系基因改良三倍体牡蛎的养殖性能比较

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-10-30 Epub Date: 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742905

Jianmin Zhou , Chengxun Xu , Haijun Liu , Qi Li

In recent decades, the oyster industry has shifted from framing primarily diploid oysters to farming almost exclusively triploids in many regions. This shift has been a major driver of the importance of genetic improvement in triploid performance. Tetraploid oysters play a crucial role in triploid production, contributing two-thirds of the chromosome set to their triploid offspring. Recent selective breeding programs focusing on tetraploid oysters have shown promising results, particularly in improving growth rates. However, it remains unclear how successive generations of tetraploid paternal parents affect the aquaculture performance of their triploid progeny. To address this, four mating combinations of the triploid ‘Haida No. 3’ line were established: HTR3 (diploids ♀ × the third-generation tetraploids ♂), HTR2 (diploids ♀ × the second-generation tetraploids ♂), HTR1 (diploids ♀ × the first-generation tetraploids ♂), HTR0 (diploids ♀ × induced tetraploids ♂). The results showed that triploid oysters derived from higher-generation tetraploid parents exhibited significant improvements in shell height, wet weight, and yield at two farming locations (Rongcheng and Huangdao). On day 480, the selective advantage (SA) for shell height was consistently positive, with values ranging from 9.98 % to 27.49 % across both locations. Additionally, the yield of HTR3 exceeded that of the control group (HTR0) by almost 50 %, indicating a significantly increased production at both locations. Triploidy rates were consistently above 95 % across all groups throughout the life stage, increasing with generations of tetraploid parents. However, the percentage of female β (individuals with inactive gametogenesis) decreased and then increased across successive generations of the tetraploid parents at both sites. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of selective breeding in tetraploids to sustainably improve the aquaculture production of triploid progeny. It also provided valuable insights for optimizing polyploid breeding programs in aquaculture.

近几十年来，在许多地区，牡蛎产业已经从主要养殖二倍体牡蛎转变为几乎完全养殖三倍体牡蛎。这种转变是三倍体性能遗传改进重要性的主要驱动因素。四倍体牡蛎在三倍体的产生中起着至关重要的作用，它们将三分之二的染色体组贡献给它们的三倍体后代。最近对四倍体牡蛎的选择性育种项目已经显示出有希望的结果，特别是在提高生长率方面。然而，目前尚不清楚四倍体父本的连续几代如何影响其三倍体后代的水产养殖性能。为解决这一问题，建立了三倍体‘海达3号’系的4个交配组合：HTR3（二倍体♀×第三代四倍体♂）、HTR2（二倍体♀×第二代四倍体♂）、HTR1（二倍体♀×第一代四倍体♂）、HTR0（二倍体♀×诱导四倍体♂）。结果表明，在荣城和黄岛两个养殖地点，由高代四倍体亲本培育的三倍体牡蛎在壳高、湿重和产量方面均有显著提高。在第480天，两个种群的壳高选择优势（SA）均为正，在9.98% ~ 27.49%之间。此外，HTR3的产量比对照组（HTR0）高出近50%，表明两个地点的产量都显著增加。在整个生命阶段，所有群体的三倍体率始终在95%以上，随着四倍体父母的世代而增加。然而，雌性β（配子发生不活跃的个体）的百分比在四倍体亲本的连续几代中先下降后增加。总之，本研究证明了四倍体选择性育种在持续提高三倍体后代水产养殖产量方面的潜力。这也为优化水产养殖多倍体育种方案提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Pond aquaculture dynamics in Asia: Satellite time series for analyzing the spatio-temporal development of coastal aquaculture 亚洲池塘养殖动态：用于分析沿海水产养殖时空发展的卫星时间序列

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-10-30 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742940

Marco Ottinger , Kemeng Liu , Tobias Ullmann , Juliane Huth , Claudia Kuenzer , Felix Bachofer

Asia plays a dominant role in global aquaculture, contributing over 88 % of the total aquaculture output, primarily through pond aquaculture systems used for the farming of fish, shrimp, and mussels. Coastal regions in Asia have experienced rapid spatial expansion of pond aquaculture. Recognizing the importance of spatial data in effectively monitoring and managing these systems, we present a methodological approach utilizing dense optical satellite time series archive data to analyze the spatio-temporal development of coastal pond aquaculture in Asia. This study builds on previous work that delineated all aquaculture ponds at a single-pond level for the entire coastal zone using a multi-sensor Earth Observation approach, integrating both SAR and optical satellite data. The resulting continental-scale vector dataset of mapped aquaculture ponds served as reference to derive spatio-temporal dynamics of coastal aquaculture. By utilizing multi-decadal Landsat archive data (1984–2019), we developed a framework to determine the annual status of each pond based on water masks derived from satellite time series. The methodology was applied across 22 coastal countries in South Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia to investigate the development patterns of pond aquaculture. Using the complete, continental-scale dataset on annual pond aquaculture status, this research conducted geostatistical analyses of growth rates and spatial expansion patterns across various administrative levels, including national and district scales. Growth dynamics were examined for each individual country at 5- and 10-year time intervals. Between the 1980s and 2019, coastal Asia experienced significant expansion of pond aquaculture in time and space, with China, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, and Thailand emerging as the largest contributors. In 1988, reference aquaculture ponds covered around 6500 km², increasing to over 19,000 km² in 2019, representing a more than three-fold increase. Among the examined countries, China maintained the largest pond aquaculture industry, accounting for 40.6 % of the total active pond area in 2019, followed by Indonesia (13 %) and India (11.2 %).

亚洲在全球水产养殖中发挥着主导作用，贡献了水产养殖总产量的88%以上，主要是通过用于鱼、虾和贻贝养殖的池塘水产养殖系统。亚洲沿海地区的池塘养殖空间扩张迅速。认识到空间数据在有效监测和管理这些系统中的重要性，我们提出了一种利用密集光学卫星时间序列档案数据分析亚洲沿海池塘水产养殖时空发展的方法。这项研究建立在以前的工作的基础上，该工作使用多传感器地球观测方法，综合了SAR和光学卫星数据，在单个池塘水平上描绘了整个沿海地区的所有水产养殖池塘。绘制的水产养殖池塘大陆尺度矢量数据集可作为导出沿海水产养殖时空动态的参考。通过利用多年代际Landsat档案数据（1984-2019），我们开发了一个框架，根据卫星时间序列得出的水掩膜来确定每个池塘的年度状态。该方法在南亚、东亚和东南亚的22个沿海国家得到应用，以调查池塘水产养殖的发展模式。本研究利用完整的大陆尺度年度池塘养殖状况数据，对不同行政级别（包括国家和地区尺度）的增长率和空间扩展格局进行了地统计学分析。以5年和10年的时间间隔检查每个国家的增长动态。在20世纪80年代至2019年期间，亚洲沿海地区的池塘水产养殖在时间和空间上都出现了显著扩张，中国、印度尼西亚、印度、越南和泰国成为最大的贡献者。1988年，参考水产养殖池塘面积约6500平方公里，2019年增加到19000平方公里以上，增加了三倍多。在被调查的国家中，中国保持着最大的池塘养殖业，占2019年总活跃池塘面积的40.6%，其次是印度尼西亚（13%）和印度（11.2%）。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of cold tolerance in Neopyropia yezoensis strains based on multiple traits 基于多性状的yezoensis新品种耐寒性综合评价与分析

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-10-30 Epub Date: 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742875

Zi-Xiang Zhai , Guo-Ying Du , Lan Wu, Lin Tian, Li-Hong Ma

Neopyropia yezoensis, an important economic macroalga, is cultivated in the coastal regions of Northeast Asia, where the farming season spans the cold winter. The low temperatures during this period severely impacting its growth and yield. Given these challenges, selecting high-quality strains with enhanced cold tolerance is essential for improving both yield and quality. To achieve this, it is crucial to establish a set of evaluation criteria and methods to effectively screening for cold-tolerant germplasm. In this study, the cold tolerance of 60 N. yezoensis strains was evaluated by assessing 13 traits, including growth rate, photosynthetic parameters, and pigment contents. Under low temperature, most traits were depressed, with the daily growth rate (DGR) being particularly affected. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and weight analysis identified thalli area, DGR, chlorophyll a (Chl a), phycoerythrin (PE), allophycocyanin (APC) and photochemical efficiency (Φ_PSII) as primary contributors to cold tolerance. A comprehensive index (D) was developed based on the membership function and weight of each trait to rank the 60 strains into five cold tolerance levels. Over 65.0 % of strains exhibited a certain extent of cold tolerance, which aligning with the nature N. yezoensis as cold-water species. The optimal evaluation model was established as D = 0.387a rea + 0.122Chl a + 0.242F_v/fm + 0.066APC - 0.086, with R² of 0.955 (where F_v/fm represents the maximum photochemical efficiency). This research establishes a comprehensive evaluation system for cold tolerance in N. yezoensis, enabling the rapid screening of cold-tolerant strains and enhancing breeding efforts in the industry.

东北沿海地区的养殖季节跨越寒冷的冬季，是一种重要的大型经济藻类。这一时期的低温严重影响了其生长和产量。考虑到这些挑战，选择耐寒性强的优质菌株对于提高产量和质量至关重要。为实现这一目标，建立一套有效筛选耐寒种质的评价标准和方法至关重要。本研究通过生长速率、光合参数和色素含量等13个性状对60株紫杉耐冷性进行了评价。低温条件下，大部分性状受到抑制，日生长率（DGR）受影响尤甚。主成分分析（PCA）和权值分析表明，菌体面积、DGR、叶绿素a （Chl a）、藻红蛋白（PE）、异藻蓝蛋白（APC）和光化学效率（ΦPSII）是影响抗寒性的主要因素。根据各性状的隶属函数和权重，建立综合指数(D)，将60个品系划分为5个耐冷等级。超过65.0%的菌株表现出一定程度的耐寒性，这与叶藻属冷水物种的特性相一致。建立最优评价模型为D = 0.387a rea + 0.122Chl a + 0.242Fv/fm + 0.066APC - 0.086， R2为0.955（其中Fv/fm为最大光化学效率）。本研究建立了叶藻耐冷性综合评价体系，为快速筛选耐冷品系、提高产业育种水平提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary niacin supplementation enhances growth and osmoregulation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under hyperosmotic stress improving ion homeostasis and carbohydrate metabolism 饲料中添加烟酸可促进尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）在高渗胁迫下的生长和渗透调节，改善离子稳态和碳水化合物代谢

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-10-30 Epub Date: 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742881

Yuxi Yan , Jinquan Fan , Wei Liu, Minxu Wang, Erchao Li, Liqiao Chen, Xiaodan Wang

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary niacin supplementation on the growth, osmoregulatory capacity, and energy metabolism of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under salinity stress. In this study, five diets with varying niacin concentrations were prepared, with practical niacin levels of 3.33, 12.18, 33.98, 94.28, and 275.23 mg/kg. Fish with an initial weight of 1.80 ± 0.22 g were selected for an 8-week feeding trial under 20 psu salinity. The results indicated that the dietary niacin significantly increased the weight gain, specific growth rate, and condition factor of tilapia. Furthermore, niacin supplementation also increased the crude protein and crude fat contents of tilapia. 12.18–94.28 mg/kg dietary niacin significantly improved the ion transport capacity of the gills which is a main tissue of the osmoregulation. Histological analysis of gill revealed that dietary niacin at concentrations ranging from 12.18 to 275.33 mg/kg relieved structural damage from salinity stress. After ingestion, niacin primarily accumulated in the liver and gills, activating the niacin metabolic pathway. As a result, compare to the control group, fish fed with dietary niacin got higher level of NAD⁺, NAD⁺/NADH. The addition of 94.28 mg/kg niacin affected the glycolysis, TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis processes through SIRT1/GLUT1/HK signaling pathway. In addition, content of liver glucose was decreased, while pyruvate and ATP contents were increased. Optimal dietary niacin could improve the growth performance of Nile tilapia under salinity stress by activating the carbohydrate metabolism by SIRT1/GLUT1/HK signaling pathway. It can also enhance the salinity tolerance by activating ion transportation. Based on the second−order polynomial regression analysis with weight gain rate and specific growth rate, the optimal dietary niacin for Nile tilapia under salinity stress is 151.67–171.73 mg/kg.

本试验旨在研究盐胁迫下饲粮中添加烟酸对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）生长、渗透调节能力和能量代谢的影响。本试验配制了5种烟酸浓度不同的饲粮，烟酸实际水平分别为3.33、12.18、33.98、94.28和275.23 mg/kg。选取初始体重为1.80±0.22 g的鱼，在20 psu盐度下进行为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明，饲粮中添加烟酸可显著提高罗非鱼的增重、特定生长率和条件因子。此外，添加烟酸还能提高罗非鱼的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量。12.18 ~ 94.28 mg/kg烟酸显著提高了鱼鳃的离子转运能力，鱼鳃是渗透调节的主要组织。组织学分析表明，烟酸浓度在12.18 ~ 275.33 mg/kg范围内可减轻盐胁迫对鳃的结构损伤。摄入烟酸后，烟酸主要在肝脏和鳃中积累，激活烟酸代谢途径。结果表明，与对照组相比，烟酸组鱼的NAD+、NAD+/NADH水平较高。94.28 mg/kg烟酸通过SIRT1/GLUT1/HK信号通路影响糖酵解、TCA循环和糖异生过程。肝脏葡萄糖含量降低，丙酮酸和ATP含量升高。饲粮中添加适宜的烟酸可通过激活SIRT1/GLUT1/HK信号通路的碳水化合物代谢，改善盐度胁迫下尼罗罗非鱼的生长性能。它还可以通过激活离子运输来增强耐盐性。基于增重率和特定生长率的二阶多项式回归分析，得出盐度胁迫下尼罗罗非鱼适宜饲粮烟酸水平为151.67 ~ 171.73 mg/kg。

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引用次数: 0

Fermented fish meal derived from barramundi by-product enhances growth, immunity, and gut microbiota in white shrimp Penaeus vannamei 从barramundi副产物中提取的发酵鱼粉可促进南美对虾（Penaeus vannamei）的生长、免疫和肠道微生物群

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-10-30 Epub Date: 2025-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742876

Ann-Chang Cheng , Rui-Jun Kang , Chun-Hung Liu

This study investigated the effects of barramundi, Lates calcarifer, by-product fish meals on the growth, immunity, and gut microbiota of white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Three variants were assessed: untreated fish meal (BFM), enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal (EBFM), and fermented fish meal (FBFM), alongside a commercial fish meal control. Compared to commercial fish meal, barramundi by-product meals exhibited lower crude protein but higher lipid and ash contents. Fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum 7–40 notably increased methionine levels in FBFM. Shrimp fed diets containing EBFM or FBFM showed significantly greater weight gain, feed efficiency, and biomass production, with FBFM yielding the most pronounced improvements. FBFM supplementation also enhanced immune parameters, including phenoloxidase, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, and phagocytic activities, alongside upregulation of immune-related genes. Post-challenge survival against Vibrio alginolyticus was highest in the FBFM group. Gut microbiota analysis revealed reduced Vibrio abundance and increased beneficial genera (e.g., Enterococcus, Rubritalea) in FBFM-fed shrimp. Principal component analysis indicated distinct microbial profiles among treatments. These results highlight FBFM as a viable alternative protein source that improves shrimp growth, immunity, gut health, and disease resistance, supporting sustainable aquafeed development within a circular economy framework.

本研究探讨了barramundi、Lates calcarifer和副产物鱼粉对南美对虾生长、免疫和肠道菌群的影响。评估了三种变体：未经处理的鱼粉（BFM），酶解鱼粉（EBFM）和发酵鱼粉（FBFM），以及商业鱼粉对照。与商品鱼粉相比，梭鲈副鱼粉的粗蛋白质含量较低，但脂肪和灰分含量较高。植物乳杆菌7-40发酵显著提高了FBFM中蛋氨酸水平。饲粮中添加EBFM或FBFM的对虾增重、饲料效率和生物量显著提高，其中FBFM的提高最为显著。补充FBFM还可以增强免疫参数，包括酚氧化酶、呼吸爆发、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶和吞噬活性，以及免疫相关基因的上调。FBFM组抗溶藻弧菌攻毒后存活率最高。肠道菌群分析显示，在fbfm喂养的虾中，弧菌丰度降低，有益菌（如肠球菌、Rubritalea）增加。主成分分析表明，不同处理的微生物分布不同。这些结果表明，FBFM是一种可行的替代蛋白质来源，可以改善虾的生长、免疫力、肠道健康和抗病性，支持循环经济框架下水产饲料的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastic pollution in aquaculture species: Quantification and characterization in Tilapia and Pangas 水产养殖物种的微塑料污染：罗非鱼和鲶鱼的定量和表征

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-10-30 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742922

Md. Rased Khan Manon , Md. Sazedul Hoque , Md. Ariful Alam , Md. Saiful Islam , Md. Arifur Rahman

Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging threat to freshwater ecosystems and aquatic life, yet data on MPs pollution in aquaculture systems especially in Bangladesh, remain scarce. This study investigated the tissue accumulation and polymer compositions of MPs influenced by the feeding habits of Oreochromis niloticus and Pangasius hypophthalmus from aquaculture ponds. MPs were predominantly detected in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and muscle tissues, with fibers (<0.5 mm) being the most common type and black the dominant color. Interestingly, feeding habits did not significantly affect the overall MP intake. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 70.3 % of the total variation in Tilapia and 53.7 % in Pangas, with 1 to 5, transparent, and filament (fiber) showing significant positive contributions as the main components. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis detected polyethylene as the most abundant polymer, followed by polyester, polypropylene, cellulose, non-plastic, and unidentified particles. These findings highlight the prevalent presence of MPs in aquaculture systems, raising concerns about trophic transfer and eventual risks to human health. The study highlights the pressing need for operational management policies to alleviate MP pollution in aquaculture environments.

微塑料是对淡水生态系统和水生生物的新威胁，但关于水产养殖系统中微塑料污染的数据仍然很少，特别是在孟加拉国。研究了养殖池塘中尼罗鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）和下眼巴沙鱼（Pangasius hypophthalmus）摄食习性对MPs组织积累和聚合物组成的影响。MPs主要在胃肠道（GIT）和肌肉组织中检测到，纤维（<0.5 mm）是最常见的类型，黑色为主要颜色。有趣的是，摄食习惯并没有显著影响总MP摄入量。主成分分析（PCA）显示，罗非鱼和鲶鱼的总变异量分别占70.3%和53.7%，其中1 ~ 5、透明和长丝（纤维）为主要的正贡献成分。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析发现聚乙烯是最丰富的聚合物，其次是聚酯，聚丙烯，纤维素，非塑料和未知颗粒。这些发现强调了MPs在水产养殖系统中的普遍存在，引起了对营养转移和最终对人类健康的风险的关注。该研究强调迫切需要制定业务管理政策，以减轻水产养殖环境中的多聚磷污染。

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引用次数: 0

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