农林科学最新文献

A retrospective analysis of medical records from a specialty dental practice was performed, and all cases of full-coverage titanium alloy crowns of canine teeth in dogs were reviewed. Only 5 cases of failure were noted in a total of 53 crowns in 25 dogs. No bond failures between the prepared tooth and the crown were noted; all cases of failure were due to fracture of the tooth apical to the crown margin. The success rate of retention was 100% whereas the overall tooth survival was 91%. Risk factors for tooth fracture, such as crown height-to-diameter ratio, were identified.

In this study, the changes caused by local and systemic inflammatory and immunological reactions and oxidative stress in the levels of some biomarkers and parameters in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood in dogs with periodontal tissue inflammation were investigated. Fifty dogs were randomly assigned into five equal groups: 1. healthy control (NC); 2. local clinoptilolite applied during treatment (C); 3. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, clinoptilolite and chlorhexidine used together during treatment (ACC); 4. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and clinoptilolite applied together during treatment (AC); and 5. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid used during treatment (A). The results showed the increase in the total antioxidant capacity measurement level was significant between days 0 and 7 in all groups except NC. The decrease in the total antioxidant status (TOS) level between days 0 and 7 was found to be significant in all groups. The decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significant between days 0 and 7 in all groups except NC. It was observed that the interleukin-1 β (IL-1B) level between days 0 and 7 showed a substantial decrease in the ACC and AC groups and that the matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and osteocalcin levels decreased significantly between days 0 and 7 in the C and AC groups. In evaluating the treatment used in this study, it was concluded that applying amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and clinoptilolite in dogs with periodontal tissue inflammation was more successful than other treatment protocols.

Mycobacterium genavense is a common cause of mycobacteriosis in passerine birds. In a research colony of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), 8 birds were diagnosed with mycobacteriosis. The finches had granulomatous inflammation of the heart and heart-base, most with medial expansion of the great vessels containing foamy macrophages and acid-fast bacilli. Non-cardiac inflammatory lesions associated with acid-fast bacteria were found in 2 birds, and extracardiac bacteria were often in lower quantities. Pan-mycobacterial in situ hybridization detected periaortic bacteria in one bird with similar cardiac lesions that was negative for bacteria via acid-fast staining. Mycobacterium genus PCR and sequencing of pooled fecal samples confirmed the presence of M. genavense within the colony. Heart and great vessel lesions have not been previously recognized as a site of localized infection in passerines. To facilitate diagnosis of mycobacteriosis in zebra finches, routine necropsies should include microscopic examination of the heart base great vessels.

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) is associated with various pathological conditions, including systemic disease and reproductive disorders; however, its role in skeletal abnormalities has never been elucidated. This study included 36 cases displaying spinal malformations, rib swelling, head edema, gait abnormalities, and/or increased late-term abortions. Investigated animals consisted of 9 aborted fetuses, 9 piglets, 12 weaners, and 6 finishers. Histologically, PCV-3 associated lesions were identified in 23/36 cases (64%), including (peri-)arteritis and rib fractures with prominent callus formation. Central nervous system (CNS) lesions, in addition to vascular changes, comprised meningoencephalitis and gliosis. Thirteen animals (36%) did not display histological lesions. PCV-3 DNA was detected by real-time PCR (qPCR) in 25/36 animals (69%), with high viral loads in the bone and CNS. Three aborted fetuses tested positive for PCV-3 despite lacking macroscopic and histologic lesions. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed the presence of PCV-3 RNA in multiple organs, including arteries, the heart, CNS, and bone. Signals were detected in periosteal arteries and osteoblasts, within calluses, and in arteries within the surrounding skeletal muscles. This study strengthens the association between PCV-3 and multisystemic inflammatory diseases, expanding its known pathogenicity to include skeletal lesions and spinal deformities. It is the first documentation of PCV-3 genome in histologically altered bone. This finding could suggest a possible etiological role in musculoskeletal abnormalities. In addition, this study is the first to report PCV-3-associated lesions in slaughter-ready finisher pigs. The integration of histological investigations, PCR, and ISH techniques is essential for the diagnosis of PCV-3-associated diseases and related lesions.

In order to investigate the applicability and efficiency of genomic selection for growth and carcass traits in Nordic beef cattle, single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) was applied in 4321 Charolais and 4532 Hereford animals with information on approximately 43,000 SNPs each. Statistics including dispersion value (b1), accuracy ratio and the relative accuracy improvement were estimated for genotyped female animals in the validation set. For estimating dispersion, accuracy ratio and relative accuracy improvement, the Legarra-Reverter linear regression (LR) method was used by truncating the phenotypes after 2018, and the validation set comprised females born from 2019 to 2021. Moreover, for ssGBLUP, different alpha values of 0.95 and 0.70 were utilised as weights on the genomic information when the H matrix was blended for the genomic relationship matrix G and the pedigree relationship matrix A. In general, implementing ssGBLUP led to higher accuracy ratios and improved dispersion values (b1 value closer to the optimum value of one), compared to when using pedigree-based BLUP (PBLUP). Using an alpha value of 0.70 gave a dispersion value closer to one compared with when using an alpha value of 0.95. Additionally, the relative accuracy estimation was improved substantially for several traits by using ssGBLUP instead of PBLUP, with the highest (30%) relative improvement for carcass conformation in Swedish Hereford cattle. In conclusion, ssGBLUP would be beneficial to implement in the future Nordic beef cattle breeding programs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of incorporating genomic information on the estimation of genetic (co)variance components and the accuracy of breeding values for milk yield under varying thermal environments, and to identify SNPs associated with genes that play significant roles in heat tolerance. We analysed 58,070 test-day milk yield records from 3459 first lactations, collected between 1987 and 2018 from six herds. Genotypic data consisted of 870 animals genotyped for 45,405 SNP markers. Climatic data were obtained from INMET and combined into a temperature-humidity index (THI). Breeding values for test-day milk yield across THI values and days in milk were estimated using both genomic and pedigree-based random regression animal models. The model incorporating genomic information yielded higher estimates of heritability and additive genetic variance, along with improved accuracy under heat stress conditions and better modelling of genotype-by-environment interaction, making it a promising approach for predicting breeding values. GWAS results were reported based on the proportion of genetic variance explained by sliding windows of five consecutive SNPs, with regions explaining more than 1% of the variance in heat tolerance selected for further consideration. The ESRRG, IGSF5 and PCP4 genes emerged as strong candidates associated with heat tolerance in milk yield.

Lymph node (LN) metastasis has been associated with shorter survival times in dogs with mast cell tumour (MCT), and treatment of metastatic LN with lymphadenectomy or irradiation has been demonstrated to improve outcomes. Identification of metastatic LN in dogs with MCT is therefore of both prognostic and therapeutic significance. The aim of this prospective, exploratory study was to investigate whether fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT) is a useful staging tool for the detection of metastatic LN in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous MCT, using histopathology as the gold standard. Sixteen client-owned dogs with cytologically or histologically confirmed cutaneous or subcutaneous MCTs underwent full-body ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT followed by surgical removal and histopathology of the primary tumour and regional LN(s). The maximum standard uptake value (SUV_max) of the tumour and LN(s) was measured. Primary tumours were graded using both the Patnaik and Kiupel grading systems, and mitotic count was tabulated. LNs were categorised based on Weishaar's histologic criteria for nodal metastasis. Eighteen primary tumours were excised: six subcutaneous and 12 cutaneous MCTs. Of 33 excised regional LNs, 18 (55%) were categorised as metastatic (≥ HN2). There was no difference between the median SUV_max of metastatic (3.88) and nonmetastatic LNs (3.16) (p = 0.41). SUV_max was positively correlated with the mitotic count of the primary tumour (p = 0.02). The results of this exploratory study suggest that ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT may not be useful for identifying metastatic LNs in canine MCT.

Case history: Medical records of a university-based veterinary referral hospital (Maisons-Alfort, France) were reviewed to identify dogs presenting with ureteral stones between 2010 and 2021. Fourteen dogs were included that had a median age of 8.5 (min 2, max 13) years and a median body weight of 6.4 (min 2.5, max 11) kg. Yorkshire Terrier (n = 5) and Shih Tzu (n = 4) breeds predominated.

Clinical findings: The clinical and biological findings included lethargy (n = 10), dysorexia (n = 9), vomiting (n = 8), abdominal pain (n = 6), pyrexia (n = 4), and azotaemia (n = 4). Ureteral stones were located in the right ureter (n = 4), left ureter (n = 6), and bilaterally (n = 4). Dogs had a median of 2.5 (min 1, max > 5) ureteral stones, with 10 dogs having ≥ 2 stones. Twelve dogs had pyelectasis, indicating partial to complete obstruction of urinary flow, but there was no evidence of a difference in renal pelvis dilation between dogs that did or did not have abdominal pain (p = 0.060) or azotaemia (p = 0.024). Calcium oxalate was the most common ureterolith composition, confirmed in five dogs and suspected in five dogs.

Treatment and outcome: Six dogs were managed medically, none of which developed azotaemia or worsening renal pelvic dilation; two dogs experienced spontaneous expulsion of the ureteral calculi. Eight dogs were managed surgically, including five by ureterotomy (temporary stents were placed in four dogs and successfully removed endoscopically 34-75 days after placement), one by placement of a SC ureteral bypass device, and two by nephroureterectomy. Short-term post-operative follow-up revealed that all dogs experienced rapid and complete resolution of clinical signs. Regardless of the treatment modality, the long-term outcome (median follow-up duration 353 days) appeared to be excellent.

Clinical relevance: Ureteral calculi were less commonly associated with azotaemia in dogs, but abdominal pain and pyrexia were relevant clinical findings. Ureterotomy with temporary ureteral stenting was an effective treatment option for ureteral obstruction in dogs, although spontaneous passage of the incidentally identified ureteral calculi was reported.

Dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus (Artiodactyla, Camelidae) are vital to the livelihoods of nomadic and pastoralist communities in the Sahara Desert. However, they are susceptible to ectoparasites, which can significantly impact their health and productivity, as well as their potential role in transmitting zoonotic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, species composition and infestation levels of ectoparasites in dromedaries from different camel herds (CH) across northern Algeria's Sahara Desert. Additionally, we assessed the effects of CH and camel age and sex on parasite loads and infestation patterns regarding the host's affected body region. A total of 68 camels out of 135, randomly selected from four herds CH1-CH4, were surveyed for ectoparasites. Ectoparasites were counted, collected and identified in the laboratory. Pearson correlation tests were employed to analyse the relationship between parasite indices. Similarity analysis was conducted to compare ectoparasite species composition among the sampled CH. The overall infestation level of ectoparasites across the CH was 61.76% with 511 ectoparasite individuals identified. Significant regional variation in tick prevalence was observed: CH1 (88.24%), CH2 (64.71%), CH3 (58.82%) and CH4 (35.29%) (p < 0.001). The most prevalent ectoparasites were ticks, with four species identified: Hyalomma dromedarii Koch (Ixodida, Ixodidae) (45.21%), Hyalomma marginatum marginatum Koch (Ixodida, Ixodidae) (18%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato Latreille (Ixodida, Ixodidae) (7.63%) and Ixodes ricinus Linnaeus (Ixodida, Ixodidae) (4.9%). In addition, one mite species Sarcoptes scabiei Linnaeus (Sarcoptiformes, Sarcoptidae), one flea species Ctenocephalides arabicus Jordan (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae) and one fly species Wohlfahrtia magnifica Schiner (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) were identified. Similarity analysis showed a 70% overlap in ectoparasite species composition between herds, suggesting common environmental and management-related risk factors. Overall, the abdomen exhibited the highest percentage of ectoparasites at 22.7%, followed by the neck and sternum (17.8%), and the anal and tail area (17.4%). Adults accounted for 86.1% of infestations, with notable contributions from the abdomen (17.0%) and neck/sternum (15.9%), while young camels made up only 13.9%. The high ectoparasite infestation level, particularly ticks, underscores the need for a comprehensive control plan, especially in herds managed under extensive or nomadic systems. Future research should focus on identifying risk factors and exploring ectoparasite control strategies to reduce the burden on camel health and prevent potential zoonotic disease transmission in the region.