Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-01-25DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2305550
Rajesh Kumar Gahlyan, Vikas Vohra, Supriya Chhotaray, R S Kataria
Planned breeding and conservation strategies for a lesser-known population require an assessment of complete genetic diversity and population structure analysis in addition to its morphometric characteristics. In the present study, a comparative analysis of the genetic structure of a rare buffalo population, namely Chhattisgarhi, was extensively studied using a panel of FAO-recommended microsatellite markers along with well-established breeds namely Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Gojri, Kalahandi, and Nagpuri. Mode shift analysis indicated the absence of genetic bottleneck in the recent past. Assessment of genetic diversity indices across all loci indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variation within and between populations. Analysis of molecular variance between the six different buffalo populations attributed 19.05% of the variations to between-population differentiation. Cluster analyses using DAPC and Bayesian approach along with the phylogenetic tree based on UPGMA grouped six populations into three groups. The Chhattisgarhi population was revealed to be genetically closer to Nagpuri and Kalahandi populations. The study reveals the presence of sufficient genetic diversity within the Chhattisgarhi population and indicates the absence of a systematic selection program. We suggest improvement and conservation programs should be planned for this breed in the near future through short-term selection.
{"title":"Diversity assessment of a lesser known buffalo population from Central India and its comparative evaluation reveals presence of sufficient genetic variation and absence of selection.","authors":"Rajesh Kumar Gahlyan, Vikas Vohra, Supriya Chhotaray, R S Kataria","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2024.2305550","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2024.2305550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Planned breeding and conservation strategies for a lesser-known population require an assessment of complete genetic diversity and population structure analysis in addition to its morphometric characteristics. In the present study, a comparative analysis of the genetic structure of a rare buffalo population, namely Chhattisgarhi, was extensively studied using a panel of FAO-recommended microsatellite markers along with well-established breeds namely Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Gojri, Kalahandi, and Nagpuri. Mode shift analysis indicated the absence of genetic bottleneck in the recent past. Assessment of genetic diversity indices across all loci indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variation within and between populations. Analysis of molecular variance between the six different buffalo populations attributed 19.05% of the variations to between-population differentiation. Cluster analyses using DAPC and Bayesian approach along with the phylogenetic tree based on UPGMA grouped six populations into three groups. The Chhattisgarhi population was revealed to be genetically closer to Nagpuri and Kalahandi populations. The study reveals the presence of sufficient genetic diversity within the Chhattisgarhi population and indicates the absence of a systematic selection program. We suggest improvement and conservation programs should be planned for this breed in the near future through short-term selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2258166
Aimin Zhou, Yi Ding, Xiaohui Zhang, Yugang Zhou, Yadong Liu, Tingjian Li, Long Xiao
In this study, we evaluated the copy number variation in the genomes of two groups of Beichuan-white goat populations with large differences in litter size by FST method, and identified 1739 genes and 485 missense mutations in the genes subject to positive selection. Through functional enrichment, ITGAV, LRP4, CDH23, TPRN, RYR2 and CELSR1 genes, involved in embryonic morphogenesis, were essential for litter size trait, which received intensive attention. In addition, some mutation sites of these genes have been proposed (ITGAV: c.38C > T; TPRN: c.133A > T, c.1192A > G, c.1250A > C; CELSR1: c.7640T > C), whose allele frequencies were significantly changed in the high fecundity goat group. Besides, we found that new mutations at these sites altered the hydrophilicity and 3D structure of the protein. Candidate genes related to litter size in this study and their missense mutation sites were identified. These candidate genes are helpful to understand the genetic mechanism of fecundity in Beichuan white goat, and have important significance for future goat breeding.
{"title":"Whole-genome resequencing reveals new mutations in candidate genes for Beichuan-white goat prolificacya.","authors":"Aimin Zhou, Yi Ding, Xiaohui Zhang, Yugang Zhou, Yadong Liu, Tingjian Li, Long Xiao","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2023.2258166","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2023.2258166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we evaluated the copy number variation in the genomes of two groups of Beichuan-white goat populations with large differences in litter size by <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> method, and identified 1739 genes and 485 missense mutations in the genes subject to positive selection. Through functional enrichment, <i>ITGAV, LRP4, CDH23, TPRN, RYR2</i> and <i>CELSR1</i> genes, involved in <i>embryonic morphogenesis</i>, were essential for litter size trait, which received intensive attention. In addition, some mutation sites of these genes have been proposed (<i>ITGAV</i>: c.38C > T; <i>TPRN</i>: c.133A > T, c.1192A > G, c.1250A > C; <i>CELSR1</i>: c.7640T > C), whose allele frequencies were significantly changed in the high fecundity goat group. Besides, we found that new mutations at these sites altered the hydrophilicity and 3D structure of the protein. Candidate genes related to litter size in this study and their missense mutation sites were identified. These candidate genes are helpful to understand the genetic mechanism of fecundity in Beichuan white goat, and have important significance for future goat breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41105444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-01-23DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2307020
Shazia Qadir, Muhammad Latif, Wen-Feng Wu, Fengqin Feng, Wadi B Alonazi, Arwah Amjad, Chien-Chin Chen, Zia Ur Rehman, Adil Khan, Furhan Iqbal
Economy of Pakistan is heavily dependent upon agriculture and extensive use of pesticide is quiet common to enhance the crop yield. Imidacloprid is among the first choice pesticides in Pakistan and it has been reported that through run off along with water it ends up in water bodies affecting non target aquatic fauna. Through the present investigation, we are reporting the effects of Imidacloprid on the fatty acids composition of a non-target, commercially important carp: Labeo rohita. Fish were exposed to sub lethal concentration of Imidacloprid (120 mgL1) for 2, 4 and 8 days (short term) as well as for 16, 32 and 64 days (long term experimental conditions). Pesticide untreated controls were also maintained for each treatment. Following the specific Imidacloprid exposure, fatty acid composition (%) was determined in the muscle of all experimental groups by using gas chromatography. Fish exposed to Imidacloprid for 8 days had reduced Palmitic acid (p = 0.02) and elevated muscle Arachidic acid (p < 0.001) than control group. Labeo rohita exposed to the pesticide for 32 days had elevated muscle Oleic (p = 0.02) and Linoleic acid (p = 0.02) while fish exposed to Imidacloprid to 64 days had reduced muscle Palmitic (p = 0.04) and Oleic acid (p = 0.03). In conclusion, we are reporting that the exposure to sub lethal concentration of Imidacloprid disturb the muscle fatty acid composition of Labeo rohita that may affect its food quality. The effects were more pronounced under long term experimental conditions and were probably due to potentiating lipid peroxidation and disturbed fish metabolism upon Imidacloprid exposure.
{"title":"Exposure to Imidacloprid under variable conditions disturbs the muscle fatty acid profile of a fresh water non target fish: <i>Labeo rohita</i>.","authors":"Shazia Qadir, Muhammad Latif, Wen-Feng Wu, Fengqin Feng, Wadi B Alonazi, Arwah Amjad, Chien-Chin Chen, Zia Ur Rehman, Adil Khan, Furhan Iqbal","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2024.2307020","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2024.2307020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Economy of Pakistan is heavily dependent upon agriculture and extensive use of pesticide is quiet common to enhance the crop yield. Imidacloprid is among the first choice pesticides in Pakistan and it has been reported that through run off along with water it ends up in water bodies affecting non target aquatic fauna. Through the present investigation, we are reporting the effects of Imidacloprid on the fatty acids composition of a non-target, commercially important carp: <i>Labeo rohita</i>. Fish were exposed to sub lethal concentration of Imidacloprid (120 mgL<sup>1</sup>) for 2, 4 and 8 days (short term) as well as for 16, 32 and 64 days (long term experimental conditions). Pesticide untreated controls were also maintained for each treatment. Following the specific Imidacloprid exposure, fatty acid composition (%) was determined in the muscle of all experimental groups by using gas chromatography. Fish exposed to Imidacloprid for 8 days had reduced Palmitic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and elevated muscle Arachidic acid (<i>p</i> < 0.001) than control group. <i>Labeo rohita</i> exposed to the pesticide for 32 days had elevated muscle Oleic (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and Linoleic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.02) while fish exposed to Imidacloprid to 64 days had reduced muscle Palmitic (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and Oleic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.03). In conclusion, we are reporting that the exposure to sub lethal concentration of Imidacloprid disturb the muscle fatty acid composition of <i>Labeo rohita</i> that may affect its food quality. The effects were more pronounced under long term experimental conditions and were probably due to potentiating lipid peroxidation and disturbed fish metabolism upon Imidacloprid exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139519254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2309955
Mustafa Bastamy, Ismail Raheel, Ahmed Elbestawy, Mohamed Diab, Enas Hammad, Lamiaa Elebeedy, Amal M El-Barbary, Ghadeer M Albadrani, Mohamed M Abdel-Daim, Mervat A Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Orabi
Lysozymes, efficient alternative supplements to antibiotics, have several benefits in poultry production. In the present study, 120, one-day-old, Ross 308 broiler chickens of mixed sex, were allocated into 2 equal groups, lysozyme treated group (LTG) and lysozyme free group (LFG), to evaluate the efficacy of lysozyme (Lysonir®) usage via both drinking water (thrice) and spray (once). LTG had better (p = 0.042) FCR, and higher European production efficiency factor compared to LFG (p = 0.042). The intestinal integrity score of LTG was decreased (p = 0.242) compared to that of LFG; 0.2 vs. 0.7. Higher (p ≤ 0.001) intestinal Lactobacillus counts were detected in chickens of LTG. Decreased (p ≤ 0.001) IL-1β and CXCL8 values were reported in LTG. The cellular immune modulation showed higher (p ≤ 0.001) opsonic activity (MΦ and phagocytic index) in LTG vs. LFG at 25 and 35 days. Also, higher (p ≤ 0.001) local, IgA, and humoral, HI titers, for both Newcastle, and avian influenza H5 viruses were found in LTG compared to LFG. In conclusion, microbial lysozyme could improve feed efficiency, intestinal integrity, Lactobacillus counts, anti-inflammatory, and immune responses in broiler chickens.
{"title":"Postbiotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects of aqueous microbial lysozyme in broiler chickens.","authors":"Mustafa Bastamy, Ismail Raheel, Ahmed Elbestawy, Mohamed Diab, Enas Hammad, Lamiaa Elebeedy, Amal M El-Barbary, Ghadeer M Albadrani, Mohamed M Abdel-Daim, Mervat A Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Orabi","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2024.2309955","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2024.2309955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lysozymes, efficient alternative supplements to antibiotics, have several benefits in poultry production. In the present study, 120, one-day-old, Ross 308 broiler chickens of mixed sex, were allocated into 2 equal groups, lysozyme treated group (LTG) and lysozyme free group (LFG), to evaluate the efficacy of lysozyme (Lysonir<sup>®</sup>) usage via both drinking water (thrice) and spray (once). LTG had better (<i>p</i> = 0.042) FCR, and higher European production efficiency factor compared to LFG (<i>p</i> = 0.042). The intestinal integrity score of LTG was decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.242) compared to that of LFG; 0.2 vs. 0.7. Higher (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) intestinal Lactobacillus counts were detected in chickens of LTG. Decreased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) IL-1β and CXCL8 values were reported in LTG. The cellular immune modulation showed higher (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) opsonic activity (MΦ and phagocytic index) in LTG vs. LFG at 25 and 35 days. Also, higher (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) local, IgA, and humoral, HI titers, for both Newcastle, and avian influenza H5 viruses were found in LTG compared to LFG. In conclusion, microbial lysozyme could improve feed efficiency, intestinal integrity, <i>Lactobacillus</i> counts, anti-inflammatory, and immune responses in broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139696820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different antibiotics are used to treat mastitis in dairy cows that is caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals in China has been monitored since 2000. Surveillance data have shown that the prevalence of multiresistant E. coli in animals has increased significantly. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and molecular characteristics of resistance determinants in E. coli strains (n = 105) obtained from lactating cows with clinical bovine mastitis (CBM) in China. A total of 220 cows with clinical mastitis, which has swollen mammary udder with reduced and red or gangrenous milk, were selected from 5000 cows. The results showed 94.3% of the isolates were recognized as multidrug resistant. The isolates (30.5%) were positive for the class I integrase gene along with seven gene cassettes that were accountable for resistance to trimethoprim resistance (dfrA17, dfr2d and dfrA1), aminoglycosides resistance (aadA1 and aadA5) and chloramphenicol resistance (catB3 and catB2), respectively. The blaTEM gene was present in all the isolates, and these carried the blaCTX gene. A double mutation in gyrA (i.e., Ser83Leu and Asp87Asn) was observed in all fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. In total, nine fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates were identified with five different types of mutations in parC. In four (44.4%) isolates, Ser458Ala was present in parE, and in all nine (9/9) fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates, Pro385Ala was present in gyrB. Meanwhile, fluoroquinolone was observed as highly resistant, especially in isolates with gyrA and parC mutations. In summary, the findings of this research recognize the fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism and disclose integron prevalence and ESBLs in E. coli isolates from lactating cattle with CBM.
{"title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of multi-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from clinical bovine mastitis in China.","authors":"Hongxia Zhao, Hailan Ma, Chen Song, Shuting Fan, Hongliang Fan, Weiguang Zhou, Jinshan Cao","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2024.2322541","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2024.2322541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different antibiotics are used to treat mastitis in dairy cows that is caused by <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli).</i> Antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals in China has been monitored since 2000. Surveillance data have shown that the prevalence of multiresistant <i>E. coli</i> in animals has increased significantly. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and molecular characteristics of resistance determinants in <i>E. coli</i> strains (<i>n</i> = 105) obtained from lactating cows with clinical bovine mastitis (CBM) in China. A total of 220 cows with clinical mastitis, which has swollen mammary udder with reduced and red or gangrenous milk, were selected from 5000 cows. The results showed 94.3% of the isolates were recognized as multidrug resistant. The isolates (30.5%) were positive for the class I integrase gene along with seven gene cassettes that were accountable for resistance to trimethoprim resistance (<i>dfrA17, dfr2d</i> and <i>dfrA1</i>), aminoglycosides resistance (<i>aadA1</i> and <i>aadA5</i>) and chloramphenicol resistance (<i>catB3</i> and <i>catB2</i>), respectively. The <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> gene was present in all the isolates, and these carried the <i>bla</i><sub>CTX</sub> gene. A double mutation in <i>gyrA</i> (i.e., Ser83Leu and Asp87Asn) was observed in all fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. In total, nine fluoroquinolone-resistant <i>E. coli</i> isolates were identified with five different types of mutations in <i>parC</i>. In four (44.4%) isolates, Ser458Ala was present in parE, and in all nine (9/9) fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates, Pro385Ala was present in gyrB. Meanwhile, fluoroquinolone was observed as highly resistant, especially in isolates with <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i> mutations. In summary, the findings of this research recognize the fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism and disclose integron prevalence and ESBLs in <i>E. coli</i> isolates from lactating cattle with CBM.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Sirazul Islam,Chandan Nath,F M Yasir Hasib,Tahia Ahmed Logno,Md Helal Uddin,Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan,Sharmin Chowdhury
BACKGROUNDThe emergence and dissemination of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a severe threat to public health by limiting clinical treatment and prophylactic options.OBJECTIVESThis study investigates the prevalence of Escherichia coli in broilers, their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and the presence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 216 pooled cloacal samples were collected from 1080 broilers across six districts of Bangladesh. Each pooled sample comprised randomly selected cloacal swabs from five birds per farm. E. coli isolates were identified using standard bacteriological approach, followed by biochemical assays and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and the presence of ARGs and VAGs was determined via PCR. Five selected isolates were partially sequenced for five VAGs using Sanger sequencing.RESULTSA total of 177 E. coli isolates (81.94%, 95% confidence interval: 76.24%-86.53%) were identified. The isolates showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (93.79%), followed by tetracycline (91.53%), erythromycin (89.27%) and ciprofloxacin (87%). Conversely, ceftriaxone (80.79%) showed highest susceptibility, followed by gentamicin (37.29%) and neomycin (31.07%). All isolates were MDR, with a multiple antibiotic resistance indexes were <0.3. A significant percentage (16.38%) of E. coli isolates were MDR to five antimicrobial classes and harboured blaTEM, sul1, ere (A), tetA, tetB and tetC genes. The highest prevalent ARGs were blaTEM (88.14%) followed by ere (A) (83.62%) and sul 1 (72.32%). The prevalence of VAGs was astA (56.50%), iucD (31.07%), iss (21.47%), irp2 (15.82%) and cva/cvi (3.39%), respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the presence of ARGs contributing to the development of MDR in E. coli carrying VAGs in broilers. Effective monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial usage in poultry production systems are urgently required to prevent emergence and dissemination of AMR.
背景耐多药(MDR)细菌的出现和传播限制了临床治疗和预防选择,对公共卫生构成严重威胁。本研究使用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法调查了肉鸡中大肠埃希氏菌的流行率、表型抗菌药耐药性(AMR)概况以及毒力相关基因(VAG)和抗菌药耐药性基因(ARG)的存在情况。每个集合样本由每个农场随机抽取的 5 只鸡的泄殖腔拭子组成。采用标准细菌学方法对分离出的大肠杆菌进行鉴定,然后进行生化检测和 PCR 检测。抗菌药敏感性采用柯比-鲍尔盘扩散法进行评估,ARGs 和 VAGs 的存在通过 PCR 确定。结果共鉴定出 177 个大肠杆菌分离物(81.94%,95% 置信区间:76.24%-86.53%)。分离物对氨苄西林的耐药性最高(93.79%),其次是四环素(91.53%)、红霉素(89.27%)和环丙沙星(87%)。相反,头孢曲松(80.79%)的敏感性最高,其次是庆大霉素(37.29%)和新霉素(31.07%)。所有分离菌株都具有多重耐药性,多重抗生素耐药性指数均小于 0.3。相当大比例(16.38%)的大肠埃希氏菌分离物对五类抗菌药具有耐药性,并携带 blaTEM、sul1、ere (A)、tetA、tetB 和 tetC 基因。流行率最高的 ARGs 是 blaTEM(88.14%),其次是 ere (A)(83.62%)和 sul 1(72.32%)。VAGs的流行率分别为astA(56.50%)、iucD(31.07%)、iss(21.47%)、irp2(15.82%)和cva/cvi(3.39%)。迫切需要对家禽生产系统中抗菌药物的使用情况进行有效的监测和监控,以防止 AMR 的出现和传播。
{"title":"Detection and characterization of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli carrying virulence gene isolated from broilers in Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Sirazul Islam,Chandan Nath,F M Yasir Hasib,Tahia Ahmed Logno,Md Helal Uddin,Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan,Sharmin Chowdhury","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70032","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe emergence and dissemination of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a severe threat to public health by limiting clinical treatment and prophylactic options.OBJECTIVESThis study investigates the prevalence of Escherichia coli in broilers, their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and the presence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 216 pooled cloacal samples were collected from 1080 broilers across six districts of Bangladesh. Each pooled sample comprised randomly selected cloacal swabs from five birds per farm. E. coli isolates were identified using standard bacteriological approach, followed by biochemical assays and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and the presence of ARGs and VAGs was determined via PCR. Five selected isolates were partially sequenced for five VAGs using Sanger sequencing.RESULTSA total of 177 E. coli isolates (81.94%, 95% confidence interval: 76.24%-86.53%) were identified. The isolates showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (93.79%), followed by tetracycline (91.53%), erythromycin (89.27%) and ciprofloxacin (87%). Conversely, ceftriaxone (80.79%) showed highest susceptibility, followed by gentamicin (37.29%) and neomycin (31.07%). All isolates were MDR, with a multiple antibiotic resistance indexes were <0.3. A significant percentage (16.38%) of E. coli isolates were MDR to five antimicrobial classes and harboured blaTEM, sul1, ere (A), tetA, tetB and tetC genes. The highest prevalent ARGs were blaTEM (88.14%) followed by ere (A) (83.62%) and sul 1 (72.32%). The prevalence of VAGs was astA (56.50%), iucD (31.07%), iss (21.47%), irp2 (15.82%) and cva/cvi (3.39%), respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the presence of ARGs contributing to the development of MDR in E. coli carrying VAGs in broilers. Effective monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial usage in poultry production systems are urgently required to prevent emergence and dissemination of AMR.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1111/evj.14069
Anniek Eerdekens, Marion Papas, Bert Damiaans, Luc Martens, Jan Govaere, Wout Joseph, Margot Deruyck
Background: To seek appropriate veterinary attention for horses with colic, owners must recognise early signs. Direct observation of horse behaviour has several drawbacks: it is time-consuming, hard to see subtle and common behavioural signs, and is based on intuition and subjective decisions. Due to recent advances in wearables and artificial intelligence, it may be possible to develop diagnostic software that can automatically detect colic signs.
Objectives: To develop a software algorithm to aid in the detection of colic signs and levels of pain.
Study design: In vivo experiments.
Methods: Transient colic was induced in eight experimental mares with luteolytic doses of prostaglandin. Veterinarians observed the horses before and throughout the interventions and assigned pain scores which were used to separate colic episodes into none (pain score ≤5), level 1 (pain score 6-10) or level 2 (pain score ≥11). Accelerometric data and videos were collected throughout the experiments and using accelerometric data, the horse's behaviour was classified into normal and 10 pain-related behaviours and an activity index was calculated. Models were designed that utilised behaviour and activity index characteristics both detecting the presence of colic and assessing its severity. To determine the accuracy of the model, the ground truth, that is the veterinarians' observation of colic signs and assessment of pain level, was compared with the automatic detection system.
Results: The cross-validation analysis demonstrated an accuracy of 91.2% for detecting colic and an accuracy of 93.8% in differentiating between level 1 colic and level 2 colic. The model was able to accurately classify 10 pain-related behaviours and distinguish them from normal behaviour with a high accuracy.
Main limitations: We included a limited number of horses with severe pain related behaviours in the dataset. This constraint affects the accuracy of categorising colic severity rather than limiting the algorithms' capacity to identify early colic signs.
Conclusions: Our system for early detection of colic in horses is unique and innovative, and it can distinguish between colic of varying severity.
{"title":"Automatic early detection of induced colic in horses using accelerometer devices.","authors":"Anniek Eerdekens, Marion Papas, Bert Damiaans, Luc Martens, Jan Govaere, Wout Joseph, Margot Deruyck","doi":"10.1111/evj.14069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To seek appropriate veterinary attention for horses with colic, owners must recognise early signs. Direct observation of horse behaviour has several drawbacks: it is time-consuming, hard to see subtle and common behavioural signs, and is based on intuition and subjective decisions. Due to recent advances in wearables and artificial intelligence, it may be possible to develop diagnostic software that can automatically detect colic signs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop a software algorithm to aid in the detection of colic signs and levels of pain.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In vivo experiments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transient colic was induced in eight experimental mares with luteolytic doses of prostaglandin. Veterinarians observed the horses before and throughout the interventions and assigned pain scores which were used to separate colic episodes into none (pain score ≤5), level 1 (pain score 6-10) or level 2 (pain score ≥11). Accelerometric data and videos were collected throughout the experiments and using accelerometric data, the horse's behaviour was classified into normal and 10 pain-related behaviours and an activity index was calculated. Models were designed that utilised behaviour and activity index characteristics both detecting the presence of colic and assessing its severity. To determine the accuracy of the model, the ground truth, that is the veterinarians' observation of colic signs and assessment of pain level, was compared with the automatic detection system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cross-validation analysis demonstrated an accuracy of 91.2% for detecting colic and an accuracy of 93.8% in differentiating between level 1 colic and level 2 colic. The model was able to accurately classify 10 pain-related behaviours and distinguish them from normal behaviour with a high accuracy.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>We included a limited number of horses with severe pain related behaviours in the dataset. This constraint affects the accuracy of categorising colic severity rather than limiting the algorithms' capacity to identify early colic signs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our system for early detection of colic in horses is unique and innovative, and it can distinguish between colic of varying severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1111/evj.14202
Sabina Beldeanu, M C Aaron Tay, Carola Daniel, Miranda C M Dosi, Caroline N Hahn, Oliver James, Neil B Townsend, Tiziana Liuti, Tobias Schwarz, Nicholas J Parkinson
Background: Fractures of the paracondylar process of the occipital bone may cause headshaking, neck pain and neurologic deficits. The condition is being recognised more frequently with increasing availability of computed tomography. However, to date only limited information is available as to presentation, treatment, surgical approach and outcome.
Objectives: To describe the clinical signs, imaging findings, treatment, surgical approach and outcome in three horses diagnosed with paracondylar process fracture.
Study design: Retrospective case series.
Methods: Clinical records and diagnostic images of affected cases were reviewed.
Results: Two cases had ventral nonunion fractures-one of these presented with neck pain, headshaking and behavioural changes, while in the other the fracture was a suspected incidental finding in a case of poor performance. A third case with a more dorsal fracture presented with acute facial nerve paralysis. Diagnosis was by computed tomography in all cases, although imaging of ventral fractures by radiography was found to be feasible. Where clinical signs could be associated confidently with the fracture, conservative management resulted in improvement but not complete resolution. Repeated recurrence of clinical signs after prolonged periods of remission necessitated surgical removal in one case, which was readily accomplished with the aid of ultrasound guidance, and led to rapid resolution of clinical signs without significant post-operative complications. The surgical approach is described.
Main limitations: Limited follow-up was available.
Conclusions: Paracondylar process fracture should be considered as a differential diagnosis for headshaking, neck pain, poor performance and facial paresis, and is a justification for performing computed tomography in such cases. A multi-disciplinary approach is beneficial due to the potential for orthopaedic, neurologic, ophthalmologic and behavioural clinical signs, with additional need for expertise in diagnostic imaging and pain management. Surgical fragment removal should be considered for ventral fractures.
{"title":"Management of paracondylar process fracture in three horses.","authors":"Sabina Beldeanu, M C Aaron Tay, Carola Daniel, Miranda C M Dosi, Caroline N Hahn, Oliver James, Neil B Townsend, Tiziana Liuti, Tobias Schwarz, Nicholas J Parkinson","doi":"10.1111/evj.14202","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fractures of the paracondylar process of the occipital bone may cause headshaking, neck pain and neurologic deficits. The condition is being recognised more frequently with increasing availability of computed tomography. However, to date only limited information is available as to presentation, treatment, surgical approach and outcome.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the clinical signs, imaging findings, treatment, surgical approach and outcome in three horses diagnosed with paracondylar process fracture.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical records and diagnostic images of affected cases were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two cases had ventral nonunion fractures-one of these presented with neck pain, headshaking and behavioural changes, while in the other the fracture was a suspected incidental finding in a case of poor performance. A third case with a more dorsal fracture presented with acute facial nerve paralysis. Diagnosis was by computed tomography in all cases, although imaging of ventral fractures by radiography was found to be feasible. Where clinical signs could be associated confidently with the fracture, conservative management resulted in improvement but not complete resolution. Repeated recurrence of clinical signs after prolonged periods of remission necessitated surgical removal in one case, which was readily accomplished with the aid of ultrasound guidance, and led to rapid resolution of clinical signs without significant post-operative complications. The surgical approach is described.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Limited follow-up was available.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Paracondylar process fracture should be considered as a differential diagnosis for headshaking, neck pain, poor performance and facial paresis, and is a justification for performing computed tomography in such cases. A multi-disciplinary approach is beneficial due to the potential for orthopaedic, neurologic, ophthalmologic and behavioural clinical signs, with additional need for expertise in diagnostic imaging and pain management. Surgical fragment removal should be considered for ventral fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In India, 20 breeds of buffalo have been identified and registered, yet limited studies have been conducted to explore the performance potential of these breeds, especially in the Indian native breeds. This study is a maiden attempt to delineate the important variants and unique genes through exome sequencing for milk yield, milk composition, fertility, and adaptation traits in Indian local breeds of buffalo. In the present study, whole exome sequencing was performed on Chhattisgarhi (n = 3), Chilika (n = 4), Gojri (n = 3), and Murrah (n = 4) buffalo breeds and after stringent quality control, 4333, 6829, 4130, and 4854 InDels were revealed, respectively. Exome-wide FST along 100-kb sliding windows detected 27, 98, 38, and 35 outlier windows in Chhattisgarhi, Chilika, Gojri, and Murrah, respectively. The comparative exome analysis of InDels and subsequent gene ontology revealed unique breed specific genes for milk yield (CAMSAP3), milk composition (CLCN1, NUDT3), fertility (PTGER3) and adaptation (KCNA3, TH) traits. Study provides insight into mechanism of how these breeds have evolved under natural selection, the impact of these events on their respective genomes, and their importance in maintaining purity of these breeds for the traits under study. Additionally, this result will underwrite to the genetic acquaintance of these breeds for breeding application, and in understanding of evolution of these Indian local breeds.
{"title":"Exome-wide comparative analyses revealed differentiating genomic regions for performance traits in Indian native buffaloes.","authors":"Vishakha Uttam, Vikas Vohra, Supriya Chhotaray, Ameya Santhosh, Vikas Diwakar, Vaibhav Patel, Rajesh Kumar Gahlyan","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2023.2277376","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2023.2277376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In India, 20 breeds of buffalo have been identified and registered, yet limited studies have been conducted to explore the performance potential of these breeds, especially in the Indian native breeds. This study is a maiden attempt to delineate the important variants and unique genes through exome sequencing for milk yield, milk composition, fertility, and adaptation traits in Indian local breeds of buffalo. In the present study, whole exome sequencing was performed on Chhattisgarhi (n = 3), Chilika (n = 4), Gojri (n = 3), and Murrah (n = 4) buffalo breeds and after stringent quality control, 4333, 6829, 4130, and 4854 InDels were revealed, respectively. Exome-wide F<sub>ST</sub> along 100-kb sliding windows detected 27, 98, 38, and 35 outlier windows in Chhattisgarhi, Chilika, Gojri, and Murrah, respectively. The comparative exome analysis of InDels and subsequent gene ontology revealed unique breed specific genes for milk yield (<i>CAMSAP3</i>), milk composition (<i>CLCN1, NUDT3</i>), fertility (<i>PTGER3</i>) and adaptation (<i>KCNA3, TH</i>) traits. Study provides insight into mechanism of how these breeds have evolved under natural selection, the impact of these events on their respective genomes, and their importance in maintaining purity of these breeds for the traits under study. Additionally, this result will underwrite to the genetic acquaintance of these breeds for breeding application, and in understanding of evolution of these Indian local breeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71477252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cholesterol is regarded as a signaling molecule in regulating the metabolism and function of fat cells, in which 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, however, the exact function of DHCR7 in goat adipocytes remains unknown. Here, the effect of DHCR7 on the formation of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat in goats was investigated in vitro, and the result indicated that the mRNA level of DHCR7 showed a gradual downward trend in subcutaneous adipogenesis, but an opposite trend in intramuscular adipogenesis. In the process of subcutaneous preadipocytes differentiation, overexpression of DHCR7 inhibited the expression of adipocytes differentiation marker genes (CEBP/α, CEBP/β, SREBP1 and AP2), lipid metabolism-related genes (AGPAT6, FASN, SCD1 and LPL), and the lipid accumulation. However, in intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation, DHCR7 overexpression showed a promoting effect on adipocyte differentiation marker genes (CEBP/α, CEBP/β, PPARγ and SREBP1) and lipid metabolism-related genes (GPAM, AGPAT6, DGAT1 and SCD1) expression, and on lipid accumulation. In summary, our work demonstrated that DHCR7 played an important role in regulating adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism in preadipocytes in goats, which is of great significance for uncovering the underlying molecular mechanism of adipocyte differentiation and improving goat meat quality.
{"title":"Effect of <i>DHCR7</i> on adipocyte differentiation in goats.","authors":"Zhibin Li, Tingting Hu, Ruiwen Li, Jinlan Li, Youli Wang, Yanyan Li, Yaqiu Lin, Yong Wang, Xing Jiani","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2023.2298399","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2023.2298399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholesterol is regarded as a signaling molecule in regulating the metabolism and function of fat cells, in which 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, however, the exact function of <i>DHCR7</i> in goat adipocytes remains unknown. Here, the effect of <i>DHCR7</i> on the formation of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat in goats was investigated <i>in vitro</i>, and the result indicated that the mRNA level of <i>DHCR7</i> showed a gradual downward trend in subcutaneous adipogenesis, but an opposite trend in intramuscular adipogenesis. In the process of subcutaneous preadipocytes differentiation, overexpression of <i>DHCR7</i> inhibited the expression of adipocytes differentiation marker genes (<i>CEBP/α</i>, <i>CEBP/β</i>, <i>SREBP1</i> and <i>AP2</i>), lipid metabolism-related genes (<i>AGPAT6</i>, <i>FASN</i>, <i>SCD1</i> and <i>LPL</i>), and the lipid accumulation. However, in intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation, <i>DHCR7</i> overexpression showed a promoting effect on adipocyte differentiation marker genes (<i>CEBP/α</i>, <i>CEBP/β</i>, <i>PPARγ</i> and <i>SREBP1</i>) and lipid metabolism-related genes (<i>GPAM</i>, <i>AGPAT6</i>, <i>DGAT1</i> and <i>SCD1</i>) expression, and on lipid accumulation. In summary, our work demonstrated that <i>DHCR7</i> played an important role in regulating adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism in preadipocytes in goats, which is of great significance for uncovering the underlying molecular mechanism of adipocyte differentiation and improving goat meat quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139073147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}