The deep integration of artificial intelligence technology and agriculture has significantly propelled the rapid development of smart agriculture. However, the field still faces numerous challenges, including high algorithm complexity and limited detection speed in farmland environments. To address the challenges encountered by corn spraying robots in navigating and identifying lines, we have proposed a corn crop row navigation line recognition algorithm based on the LT-YOLOv10s model. By introducing lightweight network models (GhosNet), efficient feature pyramid models (SPPFA), and efficient feature attention modules (PSCA) into the YOLOv10s network, we have reduced the complexity of the model and significantly enhanced the detection efficiency of corn plants. Then, the algorithm precisely locates corn plants using the center points of detection boxes and accurately fits crop rows using the least squares method. Finally, the navigation lines centered on the corn crop rows are determined through the adjacent centerline method. Experimental data significantly demonstrates that the comprehensive performance of the LT-YOLOv10s model surpasses industry benchmark models such as YOLOv5s, YOLOv7, YOLOv8s, YOLOv9s, and the traditional YOLOv10s. The proposed algorithm for extracting the center navigation line of corn crop rows boasts an average fitting time of just 26ms with an accuracy rate of up to 93.8%, ensuring precision and reliability in navigation line extraction. This provides robust technical support for precise navigation of corn-spraying robots.
Tropical marine life is highly diverse, but the development and utilization of many species remain insufficient. The giant muricid snail Chicoreus ramosus, notable for its large size and high-quality meat, holds significant potential for aquaculture. Previous descriptions of its seedling production were incomplete and sometimes inaccurate. This study details the early life history and aquaculture potential of C. ramosus. Experiments conducted from December 2023 to October 2024 covered parental cultivation, spawning, and developmental tracking. Key findings include female parents spawning 191–531 egg capsules per event, each containing 189–520 fertilized eggs, with up to three spawnings and decreasing capsule numbers in subsequent events. The early life stages are: (1) Inner egg capsule development period: Fertilized eggs progress through stages including polar body release, two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell, morula, blastocyst, gastrula, and veliger larvae stages; (2) Outer egg capsule development: Postveliger larvae emerge and transition to juvenile and youth stages. Specifically, eggs develop into middle veliger larvae in about 4 weeks, followed by a 1–2 week postveliger stage, juvenile metamorphosis around 2 weeks later, and growth into the youth stage in 2–3 weeks. This study provides a successful framework for artificial incubation and seedling production, advancing the potential aquaculture applications of C. ramosus.
High internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) were stabilized by thermally treated quinoa protein isolate (QPI), including atmospheric pressure boiling (AB), high pressure boiling (HPB), and baking (B), respectively, for the encapsulation of curcumin (CUR) and astaxanthin (AST) to retard its degradation during storage and improve their bioaccessibility. The QPI dispersion was sonicated to generate nanoparticles for the production of HIPPEs. Thermal treatments caused the reduction in the particle size and increased water contact angle compared to the control QPI nanoparticles, and further improving the emulsion properties of QPI. The microstructure results further supported the nature of oil-in-water of HIPPEs stabilized by QPI nanoparticles by showing that the nanoparticles formed a tight interfacial film and closely coated the surface of oil droplets. Thermal treatment reduced the droplet size by approximately 11%, 15%, and 3% for HIPPEs stabilized by AB-QPI, HPB-QPI, and B-QPI, respectively, compared to those of control QPI, which effectively improved the emulsion's viscoelasticity and storage stability. Retention rate and bioaccessibility of CUR and AST in HIPPEs were improved compared to the encapsulation by corn oil, showing HPB-QPI > AB-QPI > B-QPI > control QPI. HIPPEs stabilized by thermally treated QPI-protected lipophilic bioactive compounds and were beneficial for the advancement of functional foods based on QPI.
The emulsifying properties of QPI nanoparticles were significantly improved after thermal treatment. High internal phase Pickering emulsion stabilized by thermally treated QPI nanoparticles significantly improved the stability and bioaccessibility of curcumin and astaxanthin. It provides a theoretical basis for utilizing thermally treated QPI nanoparticles as emulsifiers in delivery systems, broadening the development of curcumin and astaxanthin in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
Clarifying shellfish consumption trends domestically and internationally is key to balancing industry supply and demand. Using FAO and World Bank data, this study compares per capita shellfish consumption in China and other major countries from 1976 to 2022, identifying trends and proposing targeted strategies. Key findings include: (1) In 2022, China’s per capita consumption reached 10.52 kg, significantly higher than 1976 and 2000 levels and 16.44 times the global average, though lower than in Chile and South Korea; (2) In terms of sub-categories, China’s per capita consumption of oysters, clams, and scallops is well above global averages, while abalone and mussels have room for growth; (3) ARIMA (0,1,1) model can simulate and predict the apparent consumption and trend of shellfish per capita in China, with per capita consumption expected to reach 11.21 kg in 2025 and 16.77 kg in 2050;(4) Under the open economy, China’s shellfish consumption is primarily supported by domestic supply, while imports mainly serve to supplement high-quality products and meet the demands of the domestic premium shellfish market. In the context of insufficient domestic industrial upgrading and limited supply of high-quality products, the import of premium, fresh shellfish products is expected to increase in the future. It is recommended to accelerate the upgrading of the domestic shellfish industry, promote market-oriented processing, and cultivate product branding to enhance demand dynamics, drive high-quality industrial development, and support the implementation of major national strategies.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a pervasive ribotoxic stressor that induces intestinal epithelial barrier disruption by impairing tight junctions (TJs) and causing cellular damage. Curcumin (CUR), known for its enteroprotective properties and low toxicity, has been shown to attenuate DON-induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we established in vivo and in vitro models using 30 male Kunming mice and IPEC-J2 cells to investigate the mechanisms by which CUR alleviates DON-induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury. The results showed that CUR markedly reduced DON-induced increases in intestinal permeability by restoring TJ protein expression (Claudin-4 and occludin) and preventing fiber-shaped actin (F-actin) contraction. CUR also attenuated DON-induced apoptosis by downregulating p53 and caspase activation and alleviated the G1 cell cycle arrest by reducing p21 expression. Mechanistically, CUR inhibited the activation of the ribosomal stress response (RSR)-associated p38 pathway, evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of p38, GSK3β, and ATF-2. The p38 activator dehydrocorydaline reversed CUR's protective effects. In conclusion, CUR alleviates DON-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption by improving RSR-associated p38 pathway-mediated TJ injury, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. These findings highlight the potential of CUR as a therapeutic agent for mitigating mycotoxin-induced intestinal dysfunction and suggest new avenues for drug target discovery.
High internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) were stabilized by thermally treated quinoa protein isolate (QPI), including atmospheric pressure boiling (AB), high pressure boiling (HPB), and baking (B), respectively, for the encapsulation of curcumin (CUR) and astaxanthin (AST) to retard its degradation during storage and improve their bioaccessibility. The QPI dispersion was sonicated to generate nanoparticles for the production of HIPPEs. Thermal treatments caused the reduction in the particle size and increased water contact angle compared to the control QPI nanoparticles, and further improving the emulsion properties of QPI. The microstructure results further supported the nature of oil-in-water of HIPPEs stabilized by QPI nanoparticles by showing that the nanoparticles formed a tight interfacial film and closely coated the surface of oil droplets. Thermal treatment reduced the droplet size by approximately 11%, 15%, and 3% for HIPPEs stabilized by AB-QPI, HPB-QPI, and B-QPI, respectively, compared to those of control QPI, which effectively improved the emulsion's viscoelasticity and storage stability. Retention rate and bioaccessibility of CUR and AST in HIPPEs were improved compared to the encapsulation by corn oil, showing HPB-QPI > AB-QPI > B-QPI > control QPI. HIPPEs stabilized by thermally treated QPI-protected lipophilic bioactive compounds and were beneficial for the advancement of functional foods based on QPI.
The emulsifying properties of QPI nanoparticles were significantly improved after thermal treatment. High internal phase Pickering emulsion stabilized by thermally treated QPI nanoparticles significantly improved the stability and bioaccessibility of curcumin and astaxanthin. It provides a theoretical basis for utilizing thermally treated QPI nanoparticles as emulsifiers in delivery systems, broadening the development of curcumin and astaxanthin in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
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