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Assessment of the cox1 mitochondrial DNA and 28S ribosomal RNA genes for distinguishing newly recorded Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann and the established Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Northwest Africa. 西北非洲新记录绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann)和已建立绿蝇(Lucilia sericata Meigen)的cox1线粒体DNA和28S核糖体RNA基因鉴定。
IF 1.9 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/mve.70020
Meriem Taleb, Halide Nihal Açıkgöz

The mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) has long been suspected to be ineffective for species identification when employed alone. Some Lucilia (=Phaenicia) cuprina Wiedemann have mtDNA haplotypes closely resembling those of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae), indicating paraphyly of L. cuprina with respect to L. sericata. Therefore, we evaluated the nuclear 28S rRNA and the mitochondrial cox1 genes to distinguish between L. cuprina and L. sericata using new DNA data from Northwest Africa. The current study provides the first evidence that L. cuprina occurs in Northwest Africa. The cox1 and the 28S genes were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum likelihood method with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Sequencing yielded around 675 bp for cox1 and 633 bp for 28S. All the sequences were accurately identified using the BLASTn and submitted to GenBank. The 28S analysis confirmed the two species' mutual monophyly. In contrast, the cox1 analysis showed that L. cuprina is divided into two distinct clades, paraphyletic with respect to L. sericata. The 28S sequences clustered together do not exhibit any geographical consistency. Despite the paraphyletic relationship between L. sericata and the two forms of L. cuprina, mtDNA appears to be useful in differentiating between these two species. However, L. cuprina subspecies, L. cuprina cuprina (Wiedemann) and L. cuprina dorsalis Robineau-Desvoidy cannot be differentiated using the 28S and cox1 genes, nor can their distinctions be assumed based on their geographic locations, especially in regions where they are found in coexistence.

长期以来,人们一直怀疑线粒体基因细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1 (cox1)在单独使用时对物种鉴定无效。部分铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann)的mtDNA单倍型与丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata Meigen)的mtDNA单倍型非常相似,表明铜绿蝇与丝光绿蝇有一定的亲缘关系。因此,我们利用来自西北非洲的新DNA数据,对核28S rRNA和线粒体cox1基因进行了评估,以区分铜螺旋藻和丝毛螺旋藻。目前的研究提供了第一个证据,表明铜脓杆菌出现在非洲西北部。对cox1和28S基因进行测序,采用极大似然法构建系统发育树,并进行1000次bootstrap重复。测序结果显示,cox1基因约675 bp, 28S基因约633 bp。使用BLASTn准确鉴定所有序列并提交给GenBank。28S分析证实了两种植物的相互单系关系。相比之下,cox1分析表明,铜乳杆菌被划分为两个不同的分支,相对于丝光乳杆菌是副寄生的。聚集在一起的28S序列没有表现出任何地理一致性。尽管丝毛螺旋体和两种铜螺旋体之间存在共生关系,但mtDNA似乎有助于区分这两种螺旋体。然而,L. cuprina亚种、L. cuprina cuprina (Wiedemann)和L. cuprina dorsalis Robineau-Desvoidy不能通过28S和cox1基因进行区分,也不能根据它们的地理位置进行区分,特别是在它们共存的地区。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to "Both target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms confer mesosulfuron-methyl resistance in Silene conoidea L." [Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 218(2026) 106905]. “靶点和非靶点抗性机制都赋予了Silene conoidea L.中硫隆-甲基抗性”的勘误表[农药生物化学与生理218(2026)106905]。
IF 4 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106964
Xinhui Xue, Hailan Cui, Shen'ao Hu, Hong Ma, Shouhui Wei, Hongjuan Huang, Xiangju Li, Zhaofeng Huang
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引用次数: 0
Properties of Runs of Homozygosity as a Measure of Identity by Descent. 纯合子系作为血统同一性度量的性质。
IF 1.9 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.70013
Oda B Wæge, Tom Druet, Peer Berg, Theo Meuwissen

Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) are commonly used to quantify autozygosity/identity-by-descent (IBD) in an individual or population. However, the method's accuracy at the segment level in livestock populations has only been evaluated in a few studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine to what extent ROH are truly IBD and estimate the proportion of IBD segments that go undetected in a simulated livestock population. We simulated a population of randomly mating animals for 100 generations. The genome consisted of a single chromosome with a SNP density of either 46 or 92 SNPs per mega base (Mb). In addition, a set of founder markers tracing IBD was recorded. ROH were detected using four different parameter combinations. Using the two sets of markers, we calculated the true positive rate, power, and overall correlation between true (FIBD) and estimated inbreeding (FROH). Additionally, a new measure for within-ROH inbreeding (F|ROH) was introduced and calculated the level of homozygosity within a ROH compared to the general expectation in the genome. The results indicate that ROH longer than 2 Mb are a reliable indicator of IBD, with the F|ROH being over 0.9 for all ROH lengths and parameter combinations. True positive rates only exceeded 0.9 consistently for ROH over 9 Mb, indicating that many of the identified ROH may be associated with common ancestors more ancient than the base population. The power was mainly controlled by the parameter stringency, that is, allowing for shorter ROH increased the power. The ROH-based individual measure of inbreeding FROH was highly correlated to FIBD while also having regression coefficients close to 1 (i.e., a 1% variation in FROH corresponded to a 1% variation in FIBD). Using stringent ROH parameters resulted in underestimation of the rate of inbreeding in the population. Increasing marker density improved predictions, including a higher true positive rate, power, higher correlations, and less underestimation of inbreeding rates.

纯合子序列(ROH)通常用于量化个体或群体的自合子/血统同一性(IBD)。然而,该方法在牲畜种群分段水平上的准确性仅在少数研究中得到评估。因此,本研究的目的是确定ROH在多大程度上是真正的IBD,并估计在模拟牲畜种群中未被检测到的IBD片段的比例。我们模拟了一个随机交配100代的动物种群。基因组由一条染色体组成,SNP密度为每百万碱基46或92个SNP。此外,还记录了一组IBD的创始标记。使用四种不同的参数组合检测ROH。使用两组标记,我们计算了真阳性率、功率以及真(FIBD)和估计近交(FROH)之间的总体相关性。此外,引入了一种新的ROH内近交度量(f| ROH),并计算了与基因组中一般期望相比的ROH内纯合性水平。结果表明,长度大于2 Mb的ROH是IBD的可靠指标,所有ROH长度和参数组合的f| ROH均大于0.9。对于超过9 Mb的ROH,真实阳性率仅持续超过0.9,这表明许多已确定的ROH可能与比基础人群更古老的共同祖先有关。功率主要由参数的严密性来控制,即允许较短的ROH增加功率。基于roh的近交FROH个体测量值与FIBD高度相关,同时回归系数接近1(即FROH变异1%对应FIBD变异1%)。使用严格的ROH参数导致低估了种群的近交率。增加标记密度可以改善预测,包括更高的真阳性率、功率、更高的相关性和更少的近交率低估。
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引用次数: 0
Genomic Prediction of Meat Tenderness in Nellore Cattle: Multi-Trait and Weighted Single-Step Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction Approaches. 内洛尔牛肉嫩度的基因组预测:多性状和加权单步基因组最佳线性无偏预测方法。
IF 1.9 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.70015
Byanka Bueno Soares, Ludmilla Costa Brunes, Eduardo da Costa Eifert, Marcos Fernando Oliveira E Costa, Roberto Daniel Sainz, Ana Christina Sanches, Fernando Baldi, Cláudio Ulhoa Magnabosco

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different genomic prediction approaches on the predictive ability for meat tenderness in Nellore cattle. Phenotypic (n = 73,286), pedigree (n = 4,141,892) and genomic (n = 15,300) data from animals belonging to the genetic improvement program of the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP) were used. Six models were tested: (1) standard ssGBLUP (Single-step Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction), considering direct additive genetic and residual effects as random, contemporary group (CG) as a fixed effect, and slaughter age as a linear and quadratic covariate; (2) Model 1 + ssGBLUP weighted with SNP effects from the first WssGWAS iteration; (3) Model 1 + ssGBLUP weighted with SNP effects from the second WssGWAS iteration; (4) Model 1 + body weight as a covariate; (5) Model 1 as a bi-trait model with body weight at 450 days (W450); (6) Model 1 as a multi-trait model with carcass traits: ribeye area (REA), backfat thickness (BFT) and rump fat thickness (RFT). Predictive ability was evaluated using linear regression, in which the dataset was divided into a complete and a partial subset (n = 374) dataset. Accuracy ranged from 0.04 (Models 2 and 3) to 0.37 (Model 6). Bias was low for all models, with Models 2 and 3 showing the least bias (-0.001). Model 6 showed the best performance in terms of accuracy and correlation (0.897), suggesting it was more effective in capturing genetic variability of meat tenderness, while reducing bias and increasing the precision of the estimates. Multi-trait models may offer more robust genomic predictions by leveraging trait correlations to increase prediction accuracy.

本研究旨在评估不同基因组预测方法对内洛尔牛肉嫩度预测能力的影响。表型(n = 73,286)、系谱(n = 4,141,892)和基因组(n = 15,300)数据来自国家育种和研究人员协会(ANCP)遗传改良计划的动物。对6个模型进行了检验:(1)标准ssGBLUP (Single-step Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction),其中直接加性遗传效应和残余效应为随机效应,当代群体(contemporary group, CG)为固定效应,屠宰年龄为线性和二次协变量;(2)第一次WssGWAS迭代的模型1 + ssGBLUP加权SNP效应;(3)第二次WssGWAS迭代的模型1 + ssGBLUP加权SNP效应;(4)模型1 +体重作为协变量;(5)模型1为双性状模型,体重为450天(W450);(6)模型1为胴体性状的多性状模型:肋眼面积(REA)、背膘厚度(BFT)和臀膘厚度(RFT)。使用线性回归评估预测能力,其中数据集分为完整和部分子集(n = 374)数据集。精度范围从0.04(模型2和3)到0.37(模型6)。所有模型的偏倚都很低,模型2和模型3的偏倚最小(-0.001)。模型6在准确性和相关性方面表现最好(0.897),表明它更有效地捕捉了肉嫩度的遗传变异,同时减少了偏差,提高了估计的精度。多性状模型可以通过利用性状相关性来提高预测准确性,从而提供更可靠的基因组预测。
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引用次数: 0
Early Intergenerational Changes in Genetic Diversity During Domestication of Procambarus acanthophorus Using Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Markers. 棘原螯虾线粒体和核DNA标记驯化过程中遗传多样性的早期代际变化。
IF 1.9 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.70024
Saúl Omar Arriola-Martínez, Griselda Francisca Gallegos-Simental, Carlos Iván Pérez-Rostro, Guadalupe Fabiola Arcos-Ortega, Martha Patricia Hernández-Vergara

Procambarus acanthophorus is a freshwater crayfish species endemic to Mexico with high aquaculture potential. Monitoring genetic diversity during the early stages of domestication is crucial to avoid the erosion of adaptive potential and ensure the success of breeding programmes. This study analysed changes in genetic variability across four consecutive populations: a wild founder population (G0) and three captive-bred generations (G1, G2, G3), using five mitochondrial markers (COI, COII, COIII, tRNA-Asn/12S and D-loop) and one nuclear marker (elongation factor 2, EF-2). A total of 21 haplotypes were detected, with decreasing haplotype richness from G0 (n = 10) to G3 (n = 5), although haplotype and nucleotide diversity remained within moderate to high ranges (Hd = 0.65-0.90; π = 0.0020-0.0466), consistent with diversity levels reported in other early-stage domestication studies. AMOVA revealed that 68% of the total genetic variation was among generations, and pairwise Fst values confirmed progressive differentiation. These findings suggest that while some genetic erosion is occurring, the implemented breeding practices have preserved a substantial portion of genetic diversity during early domestication. This study provides a preliminary genetic baseline for the management of P. acanthophorus breeding programmes and underscores the need for continued monitoring using complementary nuclear markers.

棘原螯虾(Procambarus acanthophorus)是墨西哥特有的淡水小龙虾,具有很高的养殖潜力。在驯化的早期阶段监测遗传多样性对于避免适应潜力的侵蚀和确保育种计划的成功至关重要。本研究使用5个线粒体标记(COI, COII, COIII, tRNA-Asn/12S和D-loop)和1个核标记(伸长因子2,EF-2)分析了4个连续种群的遗传变异变化:一个野生始创种群(G0)和3个人工繁殖代(G1, G2, G3)。共检测到21个单倍型,单倍型丰富度从G0 (n = 10)到G3 (n = 5)呈下降趋势,但单倍型和核苷酸多样性保持在中高范围内(Hd = 0.65-0.90; π = 0.0020-0.0466),与其他早期驯化研究报告的多样性水平一致。AMOVA显示68%的总遗传变异发生在世代之间,两两Fst值证实了渐进式分化。这些发现表明,虽然一些遗传侵蚀正在发生,但在早期驯化过程中实施的育种实践保留了相当一部分遗传多样性。这项研究为棘棘棘豆育种计划的管理提供了初步的遗传基线,并强调了继续使用互补核标记进行监测的必要性。
{"title":"Early Intergenerational Changes in Genetic Diversity During Domestication of Procambarus acanthophorus Using Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Markers.","authors":"Saúl Omar Arriola-Martínez, Griselda Francisca Gallegos-Simental, Carlos Iván Pérez-Rostro, Guadalupe Fabiola Arcos-Ortega, Martha Patricia Hernández-Vergara","doi":"10.1111/jbg.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbg.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Procambarus acanthophorus is a freshwater crayfish species endemic to Mexico with high aquaculture potential. Monitoring genetic diversity during the early stages of domestication is crucial to avoid the erosion of adaptive potential and ensure the success of breeding programmes. This study analysed changes in genetic variability across four consecutive populations: a wild founder population (G0) and three captive-bred generations (G1, G2, G3), using five mitochondrial markers (COI, COII, COIII, tRNA-Asn/12S and D-loop) and one nuclear marker (elongation factor 2, EF-2). A total of 21 haplotypes were detected, with decreasing haplotype richness from G0 (n = 10) to G3 (n = 5), although haplotype and nucleotide diversity remained within moderate to high ranges (Hd = 0.65-0.90; π = 0.0020-0.0466), consistent with diversity levels reported in other early-stage domestication studies. AMOVA revealed that 68% of the total genetic variation was among generations, and pairwise Fst values confirmed progressive differentiation. These findings suggest that while some genetic erosion is occurring, the implemented breeding practices have preserved a substantial portion of genetic diversity during early domestication. This study provides a preliminary genetic baseline for the management of P. acanthophorus breeding programmes and underscores the need for continued monitoring using complementary nuclear markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"333-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aliarcobacter butzleri colitis in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). 恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)的布氏杆菌结肠炎。
IF 1.7 2区 农林科学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/03009858251367395
Adam K Myers, Ahmad A Saied, Tessa J Williams, Robin L Sherar, Kathrine P Falkenstein, Peter J Didier, Jason P Dufour, Krystal J Vail

Aliarcobacter butzleri is a Campylobacter-like bacteria associated with watery diarrhea in humans and is infrequently reported in nonhuman primate (NHP) populations. While clinical and microscopic features in humans are indistinguishable from Campylobacter spp. infection, descriptions of A. butzleri-associated colitis in NHP are lacking. Here, we describe the clinical and pathological features of diarrhea and colitis associated with A. butzleri in rhesus macaques using a retrospective approach. Over a 3-year period, A. butzleri was isolated from 10 macaques with diarrhea. Five of the 10 were submitted for necropsy and had features of chronic enterocolitis, consistent with existing literature. However, 40% (2/5) of the cases were characterized by ulcerative colitis, which has not previously been described as a feature of A. butzleri colitis. A. butzleri should be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of diarrhea and enterocolitis in captive rhesus macaques.

布氏Aliarcobacter butzleri是一种与人类水样腹泻相关的弯曲杆菌样细菌,在非人灵长类动物(NHP)群体中很少报道。虽然人类的临床和显微镜特征与弯曲杆菌感染难以区分,但缺乏对NHP中布氏芽胞杆菌相关结肠炎的描述。在这里,我们用回顾性的方法描述了恒河猴腹泻和结肠炎的临床和病理特征。在3年的时间里,从10只腹泻猕猴中分离出了布氏单胞杆菌。10例患者中有5例进行尸检,具有慢性小肠结肠炎的特征,与现有文献一致。然而,40%(2/5)的病例以溃疡性结肠炎为特征,这在以前没有被描述为布氏单胞杆菌结肠炎的特征。在圈养恒河猴腹泻和小肠结肠炎病例中,应将布氏单胞杆菌作为鉴别诊断。
{"title":"<i>Aliarcobacter butzleri</i> colitis in rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>).","authors":"Adam K Myers, Ahmad A Saied, Tessa J Williams, Robin L Sherar, Kathrine P Falkenstein, Peter J Didier, Jason P Dufour, Krystal J Vail","doi":"10.1177/03009858251367395","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858251367395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aliarcobacter butzleri</i> is a <i>Campylobacter</i>-like bacteria associated with watery diarrhea in humans and is infrequently reported in nonhuman primate (NHP) populations. While clinical and microscopic features in humans are indistinguishable from <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. infection, descriptions of <i>A. butzleri</i>-associated colitis in NHP are lacking. Here, we describe the clinical and pathological features of diarrhea and colitis associated with <i>A. butzleri</i> in rhesus macaques using a retrospective approach. Over a 3-year period, <i>A. butzleri</i> was isolated from 10 macaques with diarrhea. Five of the 10 were submitted for necropsy and had features of chronic enterocolitis, consistent with existing literature. However, 40% (2/5) of the cases were characterized by ulcerative colitis, which has not previously been described as a feature of <i>A. butzleri</i> colitis. <i>A. butzleri</i> should be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of diarrhea and enterocolitis in captive rhesus macaques.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"363-368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12873761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alimentary mycosis in sloths. 树懒的消化性真菌病。
IF 1.7 2区 农林科学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1177/03009858251391387
Daniel Felipe Barrantes Murillo, Alexis Berrocal, Roberto W I Olivares, Linden E Craig, Aline Rodrigues-Hoffmann, Francisco A Uzal

Alimentary mycosis is seldom reported in sloths. Through a multi-institutional retrospective study, we described the histological features of fungal infections within the digestive tract of sloths of the Bradypus and Choloepus genera. In addition, panfungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the ITS-2 gene was performed in all cases to determine a specific etiology. We retrieved 11 cases of alimentary mycosis in 3 sloth species: Bradypus variegatus (n = 1), Choloepus hoffmanni (n = 7), and Choloepus didactylus (n = 3). Eight were free-ranging, whereas 3 were held in captivity. Nine were females and 8 were juveniles (ranging from 2 weeks to 2 years old). In 64% of the cases, the lesions were gastric in the muscular portion of the prepyloric stomach. In the other animals, the lesions were located in the tongue and/or esophagus. Pustules, erosions, ulcers, and hyperkeratosis within the keratinoid layer with intralesional yeast, pseudohyphae, and hyphae characterized alimentary mycotic infections. Panfungal PCR identified Trichosporon asahii infection in 45% (5/11) of the cases, from gastric, esophageal, and lingual lesions, and Penicillium sp. and Wallemia mellicola in a gastric lesion in 1 case each. Candida sp. infection was not confirmed in any of the cases. Trichosporon asahii has overlapping histological features with Candida and poses a diagnostic challenge when conventional culture or molecular methods are unavailable. Trichosporonosis is a differential diagnosis in cases of fungal alimentary lesions in sloths. Predisposing factors for alimentary mycosis in sloths include age (younger animals), canine distemper virus co-infection, late pregnancy, and chronic antibiotic use.

树懒的消化性真菌病很少报道。通过一项多机构回顾性研究,我们描述了懒树懒和懒树懒属消化道真菌感染的组织学特征。此外,对所有病例进行了针对ITS-2基因的全真菌聚合酶链反应(PCR),以确定具体的病因。我们从3种树懒中检索了11例食性真菌病病例,分别是:变异慢懒(1例)、hoffmancholoepus(7例)和didactylus(3例)。其中8只自由放养,3只被囚禁。9只为雌性,8只为幼年(2周龄至2岁)。在64%的病例中,病变发生在幽门前胃的肌肉部分。在其他动物中,病变位于舌头和/或食道。溃疡、糜烂、角化蛋白层内的脓疱、溃疡和角化过度伴病灶内酵母菌、假菌丝和菌丝是消化道真菌感染的特征。在45%(5/11)的胃、食管和舌性病变中检出asahitrichosporon感染,在胃性病变中检出青霉菌(Penicillium spp)和mellicola walleia各1例。在所有病例中均未确诊念珠菌感染。朝日毛丝虫病具有与念珠菌重叠的组织学特征,当常规培养或分子方法不可用时,对诊断提出了挑战。三磷虫病是树懒消化道真菌病变的鉴别诊断。树懒消化道真菌病的易感因素包括年龄(年幼动物)、犬瘟热病毒合并感染、晚期妊娠和长期使用抗生素。
{"title":"Alimentary mycosis in sloths.","authors":"Daniel Felipe Barrantes Murillo, Alexis Berrocal, Roberto W I Olivares, Linden E Craig, Aline Rodrigues-Hoffmann, Francisco A Uzal","doi":"10.1177/03009858251391387","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858251391387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alimentary mycosis is seldom reported in sloths. Through a multi-institutional retrospective study, we described the histological features of fungal infections within the digestive tract of sloths of the <i>Bradypus</i> and <i>Choloepus</i> genera. In addition, panfungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the <i>ITS-2</i> gene was performed in all cases to determine a specific etiology. We retrieved 11 cases of alimentary mycosis in 3 sloth species: <i>Bradypus variegatus</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Choloepus hoffmanni</i> (<i>n</i> = 7), and <i>Choloepus didactylus</i> (<i>n</i> = 3). Eight were free-ranging, whereas 3 were held in captivity. Nine were females and 8 were juveniles (ranging from 2 weeks to 2 years old). In 64% of the cases, the lesions were gastric in the muscular portion of the prepyloric stomach. In the other animals, the lesions were located in the tongue and/or esophagus. Pustules, erosions, ulcers, and hyperkeratosis within the keratinoid layer with intralesional yeast, pseudohyphae, and hyphae characterized alimentary mycotic infections. Panfungal PCR identified <i>Trichosporon asahii</i> infection in 45% (5/11) of the cases, from gastric, esophageal, and lingual lesions, and <i>Penicillium</i> sp. and <i>Wallemia mellicola</i> in a gastric lesion in 1 case each. <i>Candida</i> sp. infection was not confirmed in any of the cases. <i>Trichosporon asahii</i> has overlapping histological features with <i>Candida</i> and poses a diagnostic challenge when conventional culture or molecular methods are unavailable. Trichosporonosis is a differential diagnosis in cases of fungal alimentary lesions in sloths. Predisposing factors for alimentary mycosis in sloths include age (younger animals), canine distemper virus co-infection, late pregnancy, and chronic antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"302-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cutaneous mast cell tumors in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). 加利福尼亚海狮皮肤肥大细胞瘤。
IF 1.7 2区 农林科学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/03009858251374690
Bryce M Miller, Nicole I Stacy, Marley Iredale, Judith Kovach-Zukin, Elise LaDouceur, Kathleen Colegrove, Brittany McHale, Grace White, Bethany Doescher, Carolina R Le-Bert, Robert J Ossiboff

Seven cutaneous mast cell tumors were identified in 6 geriatric California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). All tumors were within the dermis and grossly appeared as single, or in one case two, less than 1-cm-diameter, well-circumscribed, raised nodules. The majority (6/7) of the neoplasms occurred near mucocutaneous junctions (eyelid, lip, or anus). The mast cell tumors were composed of round cells arranged in sheets with poorly granulated cytoplasm or an absence of cytoplasmic granules in routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Cytology (n = 1) showed adequate staining of mast cell granules with Diff-Quik and Wright-Giemsa stains. Immunohistochemistry for cKIT revealed cytoplasmic to membranous immunoreactivity in all tumors. Giemsa staining for metachromatic granules was inconsistent. No local recurrence or metastasis has been observed in the 5 living individuals with follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 42 months. Given these findings, similar poorly granulated mast cell tumors in geriatric California sea lions are suspected to have biologically benign behavior.

在6只老年加利福尼亚海狮(Zalophus californianus)中发现7个皮肤肥大细胞瘤。所有肿瘤均位于真皮层内,大体表现为单个,或在一个病例中表现为两个,直径小于1厘米,边界清楚,凸起的结节。大多数(6/7)肿瘤发生在皮肤粘膜连接处(眼睑、嘴唇或肛门)附近。在常规苏木精染色和伊红染色切片上,肥大细胞肿瘤由排列成片状的圆形细胞组成,胞质颗粒化差或胞质颗粒缺失。细胞学(n = 1)显示diff - quick和Wright-Giemsa染色对肥大细胞颗粒进行了充分的染色。cKIT的免疫组化显示所有肿瘤的细胞质至膜性免疫反应。异色颗粒的吉姆萨染色不一致。5例患者随访6 ~ 42个月,未见局部复发或转移。鉴于这些发现,在老年加利福尼亚海狮中类似的颗粒状肥大细胞肿瘤被怀疑具有生物学上的良性行为。
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引用次数: 0
Impaired maturation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes in the vacuole formation myelin mutant rat. 髓磷脂突变大鼠空泡形成过程中少突胶质细胞成熟和分化受损。
IF 1.7 2区 农林科学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1177/03009858251379486
Miyuu Tanaka, Chiaki Morita, Takeshi Izawa, Jyoji Yamate, Robin J M Franklin, Takashi Kuramoto, Tadao Serikawa, Mitsuru Kuwamura

The vacuole formation (VF) rat is an autosomal recessive myelin mutant characterized by generalized tremor, hypomyelination, and periaxonal VF of the central nervous system. We previously identified a nonsense mutation in the DOP1 leucine zipper-like protein A (Dop1a, also known as Dopey1) gene located on rat chromosome 8. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes by assessing the expression patterns of transcription factors that are involved in oligodendrocyte development. The number of small, round oligodendrocytes lacking distinct cellular processes, immunolabeled with anti-adenomatous polyposis coli (APC, clone CC1) antibody, was increased in the spinal cords of the VF rats, suggesting a disrupted maturation of oligodendrocytes. In addition, the terminal differentiation and maturation of OPCs into myelinating mature oligodendrocytes may be impaired and compensatory myelination largely could fail in the VF rat. Our findings also demonstrated that the DOP1A protein is expressed in OPCs as well as mature oligodendrocytes. Finally, the intracellular trafficking of myelin basic protein (Mbp) mRNAs may be disrupted in oligodendrocytes of the VF rats. Our data suggested that DOP1A dysfunction causes impaired differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte-lineage cells, resulting in hypomyelination and an impaired compensatory myelination.

空泡形成(VF)大鼠是一种常染色体隐性髓磷脂突变,其特征是广泛性震颤、髓鞘化降低和中枢神经系统轴周VF。我们之前在大鼠8号染色体上发现了DOP1亮氨酸拉链样蛋白a (Dop1a,也称为Dopey1)基因的无义突变。在这项研究中,我们通过评估参与少突胶质细胞发育的转录因子的表达模式,研究了少突胶质细胞祖细胞(OPCs)和少突胶质细胞的动力学。用抗腺瘤性大肠息肉病(APC,克隆CC1)抗体免疫标记的缺乏独特细胞过程的小圆形少突胶质细胞数量在VF大鼠脊髓中增加,表明少突胶质细胞成熟中断。此外,在VF大鼠中,OPCs向成髓鞘成熟少突胶质细胞的终末分化和成熟可能受到损害,代偿性髓鞘形成在很大程度上可能失败。我们的研究结果还表明,DOP1A蛋白在OPCs和成熟少突胶质细胞中表达。最后,VF大鼠少突胶质细胞内髓鞘碱性蛋白(Mbp) mrna的细胞内运输可能被破坏。我们的数据表明,DOP1A功能障碍导致少突胶质细胞谱系细胞的分化和成熟受损,导致髓鞘形成低下和代偿性髓鞘形成受损。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical and histopathological features of urine scalding in dogs and cats. 狗和猫尿烫伤的临床和组织病理学特征。
IF 1.7 2区 农林科学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/03009858251395279
Barbara G McMahill, Carmen Lau, Jan Declercq, Serena Liu, Tammy Johnson

Urine irritant contact dermatitis is a clinically well-recognized but poorly documented condition in small animals. This study aims to systematically summarize the clinical and histopathological features of canine and feline urine scalding. Twelve cases, 10 dogs and 2 cats, were identified and included in a retrospective study of medical records and histology samples. All animals had histories of urinary incontinence with urinary problems (ectopic ureters, urolithiasis, urinary tract infection, sphincter mechanism incompetence, etc.) or a genital conformational issue with concurrent urine scalding. Gross lesions varied and included white papules/plaques, discrete nodules, and overt ulcers that localized to perigenital areas and/or involve the abdomen, inguinal areas, and proximal legs. The hallmark histopathological changes were locally extensive epithelial hyperplasia with marked spongiosis (intracellular edema) of the granular and spinous layers, diffuse parakeratosis, and variable degrees of erosion to ulceration with secondary bacterial infection and necrosis. This report summarizes the clinical and histopathological findings in urine scalding and highlights the importance of the clinical history, presentation, and lesion distribution to achieve the correct diagnosis. In the absence of a history or awareness by the pathologist of this unique histopathological pattern, urine scalding could easily be misdiagnosed.

尿刺激性接触性皮炎是一种临床公认但文献记载较少的小动物疾病。本研究旨在系统总结犬、猫尿烫伤的临床和组织病理学特点。12例,10只狗和2只猫,被确定并纳入医疗记录和组织学样本的回顾性研究。所有动物均有尿失禁病史并伴有泌尿系统问题(输尿管异位、尿石症、尿路感染、括约肌机制不全等)或生殖器构象问题并发尿烫伤。肉眼病变多种多样,包括白色丘疹/斑块、离散结节和明显溃疡,这些溃疡局限于先天性区域和/或累及腹部、腹股沟区域和腿近端。标志性的组织病理学改变是局部广泛的上皮增生,伴有颗粒层和棘层明显的海绵状病变(细胞内水肿),弥漫性角化不全,不同程度的糜烂到溃疡,继发细菌感染和坏死。本文总结了尿烫伤的临床和组织病理学表现,并强调了临床病史、表现和病变分布对正确诊断的重要性。在没有历史或意识的病理学家这种独特的组织病理模式,尿烫伤很容易被误诊。
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