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Metabolic and Starch Biosynthetic Networks Underlying Yam Waxiness Formation Revealed by Integrated Transcriptomics and Proteomics. 整合转录组学和蛋白质组学揭示山药蜡质形成背后的代谢和淀粉生物合成网络。

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14669

Ye Li,Peiting Li,Duoyong Zhao,Fengzhong Wang,Baiyi Lu

Waxiness, a key starch-related texture determining yam eating quality, remains poorly understood at the genetic and molecular levels, requiring further study for targeted quality improvement. Nine yam varieties with contrasting waxiness were analyzed using integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to elucidate starch structure and metabolism. The results revealed that high-waxiness yam showed elevated expression of sucrose transport and starch precursor genes associated with higher starch content. Starch synthases (SSIII and SSIV) in yam regulated short and intermediate (6 < X ≤ 24) amylopectin chains. Starch branching enzyme (SBE), enriched in high-waxiness samples, catalyzed α-1,6 bond formation to promote long-chain amylopectin (36 < X ≤ 100) synthesis, thereby increasing starch molecular size and enhancing starch stability and rheology, contributing to waxiness formation. Upregulated GBSSII may contribute to a higher starch content in high-waxiness yam. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for waxiness and highlight key gene targets for improving the tuber texture quality.

糯性是决定山药食性的关键淀粉相关质地，在遗传和分子水平上仍然知之甚少，需要进一步研究以有针对性地改善质量。采用综合转录组学和蛋白质组学方法对9个不同蜡质山药品种进行了淀粉结构和代谢分析。结果表明，高蜡度山药的蔗糖转运基因和淀粉前体基因的表达与淀粉含量的增加有关。山药淀粉合成酶（SSIII和SSIV）调节短链和中间链（6 < X≤24）支链。淀粉分支酶（Starch branching enzyme， SBE）在高蜡度样品中富集，催化α-1,6键形成，促进长链支链淀粉（36 < X≤100）的合成，从而增大淀粉分子大小，增强淀粉的稳定性和流变性，促进蜡度的形成。GBSSII基因的上调可能导致高蜡山药淀粉含量的增加。这些发现为块茎蜡质化提供了机制基础，并突出了改善块茎质构品质的关键基因靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Single-Cell Multi-Omics Sequencing Technologies and Their Applications in Livestock and Poultry Research 单细胞多组测序技术及其在畜禽研究中的应用

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c13040

Jinping Cao, Xiaohan Zhou, Jie Liu, Dewu Liu, Guangbin Liu

Single-cell multiomics technologies enable the detailed resolution of cellular heterogeneity by integrating multidimensional information─including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics─at the single-cell level to construct high-resolution molecular maps. Compared with conventional bulk sequencing methods, these technologies overcome the limitations of signal averaging, allowing for the identification of rare yet functionally critical cell subpopulations that would otherwise remain obscured. In livestock and poultry research, single-cell multiomics offers a novel approach to dissect the biological basis of key economic traits such as reproduction, growth, meat production, and disease resistance, demonstrating immense potential for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying desirable phenotypes. This review systematically outlines the developmental trajectory and core principles of single-cell multiomics sequencing technologies. We summarize their major applications in fundamental livestock and poultry research and discuss current challenges and future opportunities in the field. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive reference to guide future research in animal science.

单细胞多组学技术通过在单细胞水平上整合多维信息（包括基因组学、表观基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学）来构建高分辨率的分子图谱，从而实现细胞异质性的详细分辨率。与传统的批量测序方法相比，这些技术克服了信号平均的局限性，允许识别罕见但功能关键的细胞亚群，否则这些细胞亚群将仍然模糊不清。在畜禽研究中，单细胞多组学提供了一种新的方法来剖析关键经济性状的生物学基础，如繁殖、生长、肉类生产和抗病性，在阐明理想表型的分子机制方面显示出巨大的潜力。本文系统地综述了单细胞多组学测序技术的发展轨迹和核心原理。我们总结了它们在畜禽基础研究中的主要应用，并讨论了该领域当前的挑战和未来的机遇。我们的目的是提供一个全面的参考，指导未来的动物科学研究。

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引用次数: 0

Screening and characterization of ovalbumin active peptides for muscle repair: Computer simulation and in vitro activity validation 用于肌肉修复的卵白蛋白活性肽的筛选和表征：计算机模拟和体外活性验证

IF 8.8 1区农林科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Food Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.147508

Yuqing Lei, Jiaying Huo, Shijun Li, Bingxin Yang, Lina Wang, Ying Gao, Lulu Ma, Shijian Dong, Jijun Wu, Shugang Li

Ovalbumin (OVA) has demonstrated significant potential in promoting muscle repair due to its rich amino acid composition. Previous findings have confirmed the muscle repair-promoting effects of OVA. In this study, a total of five peptides with muscle repair activity were identified through in vitro simulated digestion, multi-stage chromatography purification, and computer-based virtual screening. Repair effects were then validated using a C2C12 cell model. Experimental results showed that SK-10 had significant effect, increasing the viability of dexamethasone (DEX)-induced C2C12 cells (from 73.33 % to 85.15 %) and restoring the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) to normal levels. Further qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and Western blot (WB) experiments indicated that SK-10 could activate the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, thereby promoting protein synthesis and ultimately enhancing the proliferative capacity of myoblasts. The study could provide a theoretical basis for promoting muscle repair by OVA active peptide

卵清蛋白（OVA）由于其丰富的氨基酸组成，在促进肌肉修复方面具有重要的潜力。先前的研究结果证实了OVA对肌肉修复的促进作用。在这项研究中，通过体外模拟消化、多级色谱纯化和基于计算机的虚拟筛选，共鉴定了五种具有肌肉修复活性的肽。然后使用C2C12细胞模型验证修复效果。实验结果表明，SK-10具有显著作用，可使地塞米松（DEX）诱导的C2C12细胞活力从73.33 %提高到85.15 %，炎症因子（IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α）水平恢复到正常水平。进一步的qRT-PCR（定量实时聚合酶链反应）和Western blot （WB）实验表明，SK-10可以激活PI3K-Akt-mTOR信号通路，从而促进蛋白质合成，最终增强成肌细胞的增殖能力。该研究可为OVA活性肽促进肌肉修复提供理论依据

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing saltiness perception in the meat-reduced surimi gel by transglutaminase crosslinking: Sodium ion release, microstructural characteristics, and protein conformation 通过转谷氨酰胺酶交联增强肉还原鱼糜凝胶的咸味感知：钠离子释放，微观结构特征和蛋白质构象

IF 8.8 1区农林科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Food Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.147502

Tao Ye, Xing Chen, Qiang Li, Zhicheng Cai, Zhina Chen, Yun Wang, Lin Lin, Zhi Zheng, Jianfeng Lu

Reduced-meat surimi with plant protein substitution exhibits poor gel properties. This study investigated the effects of transglutaminase (TG, 0–9 U/100 g) on the quality of hybrid surimi/plant protein gels at a 30 % substitution ratio. Results demonstrated that the legume proteins (soy, pea) exhibited superior responsiveness to TG compared to cereal proteins (wheat, rice). Increasing TG decreased water-holding capacity (WHC) in cereal protein gels. Legume gels exhibited higher cross-linking degrees. LF-NMR indicated greater immobilized water mobility in cereal gels. Microstructurally, cereal gels formed honeycomb-like networks, while legume gels developed lamellar structures. SEM-EDS confirmed significantly higher sodium release from hybrid gels. Structural analyses indicated that a higher β-sheet content correlated with compact microstructures, and disulfide bonds in wheat protein gels were the most stable.

用植物蛋白替代的减肉鱼糜具有较差的凝胶性。本研究考察了转谷氨酰胺酶（TG, 0-9 U/100 g）在30 %替代率下对鱼糜/植物蛋白杂交凝胶质量的影响。结果表明，豆科蛋白（大豆、豌豆）比谷类蛋白（小麦、水稻）对TG表现出更强的响应性。增加TG会降低谷物蛋白凝胶的持水能力。豆科胶具有较高的交联度。LF-NMR表明谷物凝胶中固定化水的迁移率更高。在微观结构上，谷物凝胶形成蜂窝状网络，而豆科凝胶则形成层状结构。SEM-EDS证实混合凝胶的钠释放量显著增加。结构分析表明，较高的β-片含量与致密的微观结构相关，小麦蛋白凝胶中的二硫键最稳定。

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive quality evaluation of specific brand of sauce-flavor baijiu based on fingerprints and chemometrics 基于指纹图谱和化学计量学的特定品牌酱味白酒质量综合评价

IF 8.8 1区农林科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Food Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.147531

Li Wang, Dingwen Xie, Yueran Han, Minsha Qiao, Furong Li, Lan Wang, Tao zhou, Changwen Li

Sauce-flavor baijiu, distinguished by its intricate brewing techniques and prolonged aging duration, is renowned for its unique aroma and flavor profile, garnering widespread consumer preference. This study focused on a specific brand of Sauce-flavor baijiu, employing a fingerprints and chemometrics integrated approach to investigate its quality distinctiveness and batch consistency. Samples included qualified batches, non-compliant batches of the target brand, and other brands of Sauce-flavor baijiu. The fingerprints enabled accurate identification of qualified batches from the specific brand. HCA and PCA, not only distinguished qualified batches from non-compliant batches but also differentiated non-compliant batches from other brands of Sauce-flavor baijiu. Subsequently, PLS-DA was applied to identify 9 discriminatory flavor markers. Finally, a quality prediction model, derived from DA, enabled simultaneous evaluation of quality distinctiveness and batch consistency. The results demonstrate that this approach provides a reliable framework for advancing the comprehensive quality evaluation of Sauce-flavor baijiu.

酱味白酒以其复杂的酿造工艺和较长的陈酿时间而闻名，以其独特的香气和风味而闻名，赢得了广泛的消费者偏好。本研究以某品牌酱味白酒为研究对象，采用指纹图谱和化学计量学相结合的方法考察其品质独特性和批次一致性。样品包括目标品牌的合格批次、不合格批次和其他品牌的酱味白酒。指纹能够准确识别特定品牌的合格批次。HCA和PCA不仅可以区分合格批次和不合格批次，还可以区分不合格批次和其他品牌的酱香型白酒。随后，应用PLS-DA鉴定了9种风味鉴别标记。最后，一个质量预测模型，从数据分析衍生，使质量独特性和批一致性的同时评估。结果表明，该方法为推进酱味白酒的综合质量评价提供了可靠的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication of monoglyceride-whey protein isolate bigel-based foamed emulsions: A novel template for solid fat replacement in muffins 单甘油酯-乳清分离蛋白凝胶泡沫乳剂的制备：松饼中固体脂肪替代的新模板

IF 6.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

LWT - Food Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2025.118906

Mohammad Reza Salahi, Mohebbat Mohebbi

This study aimed to develop a novel whey protein-reinforced bigel-based foamed emulsions (BFEs) as structured lipid systems capable of reducing solid fat in baked products. BFEs were prepared by combining monoglyceride (5.0 g/100 g) with an aqueous phase containing 0.0–2.5 g/100 g whey protein isolate (WPI) within an 80:20 oil-water ratio, and their structural and functional characteristics were systematically evaluated. Increasing WPI concentration significantly reinforced the bigel network, resulting in higher hardness and a marked increase in storage modulus. Upon whipping, all formulations exhibited elastic-dominant behavior and pronounced shear-thinning flow, confirming the formation of stable aerated structures. Foam overrun ranged from 72.7 % (0.5 g/100 g WPI) to 83.8 % (0.0 g/100 g WPI), while thermal stability increased substantially with increasing WPI levels. DSC analysis showed increased melting enthalpy, indicating a more organized crystalline matrix. The BFE containing 2.5 g/100 g WPI was incorporated into muffins as a replacer for 25 % and 75 % of shortening. Batter specific gravity remained unchanged, and 25 % substitution-maintained muffin volume and key quality parameters. Although 75 % replacement led to a moderate reduction in specific volume, texture, water activity, and crumb color remained unaffected. Overall, WPI-enhanced BFEs demonstrated strong structural stability and functional performance, supporting their potential as a novel solid-fat-reduced ingredient for healthier baked products.

本研究旨在开发一种新型乳清蛋白增强biggel泡沫乳剂（bfe）作为结构脂质系统，能够减少烘焙产品中的固体脂肪。采用单甘油酯（5.0 g/100 g）与分离乳清蛋白（WPI）的水相（0.0 ~ 2.5 g/100 g）以80:20的油水比配制bfe，并对其结构和功能特性进行了系统评价。增加WPI浓度可显著增强bigel网络，导致硬度提高和存储模量显著增加。搅拌后，所有配方都表现出弹性优势行为和明显的剪切减薄流动，证实了稳定充气结构的形成。泡沫溢出率从72.7% （0.5 g/100 g WPI）到83.8% （0.0 g/100 g WPI）不等，而热稳定性随着WPI水平的增加而显著增加。DSC分析显示熔融焓增加，表明更有组织的晶体基质。将含有2.5 g/100 g WPI的BFE作为25%和75%起酥油的替代品加入松饼中。面糊比重保持不变，松饼体积和关键质量参数保持25%替代不变。虽然75%的替代量导致了比体积的适度减少，但质地、水分活度和面包屑颜色没有受到影响。总体而言，wpi增强的bfe表现出强大的结构稳定性和功能性能，支持它们作为一种新型固体脂肪减少成分的潜力，用于更健康的烘焙产品。

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引用次数: 0

Peer reviewers in 2025 2025年的同行评审

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Equine Veterinary Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/evj.70110

引用次数: 0

Tritrophic interactions among some wheat cultivars, the greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and its predator Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 小麦品种间的三营养相互作用、半翅目：蚜虫科的禾本科绿虫及其捕食者杂交种（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Bulletin of Entomological Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485325100643

Mina Esmaeili, Mahdi Hassanpour, Hooshang Rafiee Dastjerdi, Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi, Mostafa Khoshhal Sarmast

In tritrophic interactions, host plants could influence not only the population of insect pests but also that of their natural enemies. This study examined the effect of three wheat cultivars on demographic parameters of Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its predator, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Furthermore, the secondary metabolites, photosynthetic pigments, and defence enzymes of wheat cultivars were evaluated at different times. According to the results, the highest and lowest developmental times of S. graminum were found on cultivar (cv.) Morvarid and cv. Ehsan, respectively. However, it was vice versa for the predator, being highest on cv. Ehsan and lowest on cv. Morvarid. Adults of S. graminum lived shorter on cv. Morvarid, while males and females of H. variegata lived longer on this cultivar. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) of S. graminum ranged from 0.347 to 0.456 day^-1, and that of H. variegata from 0.118 to 0.176 day^-1 on different cultivars. The value of this parameter was lowest for aphids but highest for their predator on cv. Morvarid. Based on the results, cv. Morvarid at 120 hours post-infestation by S. graminum contained the greatest concentrations of secondary metabolites and enzyme activities. The time-dependent loss of photosynthetic pigments occurred in each tested cultivar. The results revealed that cv. Morvarid had a suitable potential for reducing the population of S. graminum and enhancing the performance of H. variegata. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the complementary interactions of cv. Morvarid and H. variegata in controlling S. graminum population under natural conditions.

在营养相互作用中，寄主植物不仅可以影响害虫的数量，还可以影响天敌的数量。研究了3个小麦品种对禾本科裂蚜（半翅目：蚜虫科）及其捕食者斑尾蚜（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）种群参数的影响。此外，还对不同时期小麦品种的次生代谢产物、光合色素和防御酶进行了评价。结果表明，小麦黑穗病菌的最高和最低发育期存在于不同品种(cv。Morvarid和cv。分别伊桑·。然而，捕食者则相反，cv最高。Ehsan和最低的cv。Morvarid。谷草成虫在cv上的寿命较短。而雄、雌在该品种上寿命较长。不同品种小麦的内在自然生长率(r)在0.347 ~ 0.456 d -1之间，杂花小麦的内在自然生长率在0.118 ~ 0.176 d -1之间。在cv上，该参数值对蚜虫最低，对其捕食者最高。Morvarid。基于结果，cv。被禾本科葡萄球菌侵染后120小时的morvard含有最高的次级代谢物浓度和酶活性。光合色素的损失随时间的变化而变化。结果表明，cv。Morvarid具有一定的抑菌潜力，可有效降低禾粒玉米的种群数量，提高禾粒玉米的生产效率。然而，需要进一步的研究来评估cv的互补相互作用。在自然条件下，morvardia和H. variegata对稻瘟病菌种群的控制作用。

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引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Evaluation of the effect of renaltec in cats with chronic kidney disease IRIS stage 2 and 3. EXPRESS：评估肾那替克对慢性肾脏疾病IRIS 2期和3期猫的影响。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1177/1098612X251409548

Isabell Elzenbeck, Svenja Teichmann, Petra Koelle, Yury Zablotski, Jan S Suchodolski, Katrin Hartmann, Roswitha Dorsch

ObjectivesChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with accumulation of uremic tox-ins such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) in blood and tubular epithelial cells which contributes to progression of CKD. Aim of this prospective, randomized, two-center clinical pilot study was to evaluate the effect of oral spherical carbonaceous adsorbent renaltec (PorusOne, Porus) on IS plasma concentration, progression of CKD, parameters of calcium/phosphate homeostasis (tCa, phosphorus, FGF-23), urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) and fecal dysbiosis index (FDI) in cats with stable CKD IRIS stage 2 and 3 over a 6 months period.MethodsNineteen cats with CKD were randomly assigned to the renaltec group (n = 10, 8 stage 2, 2 stage 3) or control group (n = 9, 8 stage 2, 1 stage 3). All cats received standard of care treatment according to IRIS Guidelines. Cats of the renaltec group received in addi-tion 500 mg renaltec administered mixed with food or a liquid cat treat q24h. All cats were examined on day 0 (t0), after 3 months (t1) and after 6 months (t2). Statistical analysis was performed using generalized linear mixed models.ResultsOn t0, renaltec group cats had significantly lower tCa (P = 0.026) than control group cats. On t1, there were no differences between groups, while on t2, renaltec group cats had significantly lower IS (P = 0.045) and UPC (P = 0.001) than cats of the control group. Progression of CKD was noted in 2 cats of each group. Renaltec group cats had a significantly lower FDI on t2 compared to t1 (P = 0.023) and t0 (P = 0.009).Conclusion and relevanceAdministration of renaltec over 6 months mitigated parame-ters associated with CKD progression. Given the pilot nature of the study, the results should be interpreted cautiously and explored further in subsequent research.

慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）与尿毒症毒素如硫酸吲哚酚（is）在血液和小管上皮细胞中的积累有关，这有助于CKD的进展。这项前瞻性、随机、双中心临床先导研究的目的是评估口服球形碳质吸附剂renaltec （PorusOne、Porus）对稳定CKD IRIS 2期和3期猫6个月时间内IS血药浓度、CKD进展、钙/磷酸盐稳态参数（tCa、磷、FGF-23）、尿蛋白：肌酐比（UPC）和粪便生态失调指数（FDI）的影响。方法将19只CKD猫随机分为肾那替克组（n = 10、8例二期、2例三期）和对照组（n = 9、8例二期、1例三期）。所有猫都按照IRIS指南接受了标准的护理治疗。renaltec组的猫每24小时接受500 mg renaltec与食物或液体猫药混合服用。在第0天（t0）、3个月后（t1）和6个月后（t2）对所有猫进行检查。采用广义线性混合模型进行统计分析。结果renaltec组猫tCa含量显著低于对照组（P = 0.026）。在t1时，各组之间没有差异，而在t2时，renaltec组猫的IS （P = 0.045）和UPC （P = 0.001）显著低于对照组猫。每组2只猫CKD进展。Renaltec组猫在t2的FDI显著低于t1 （P = 0.023）和t0 （P = 0.009）。结论：6个月以上的renaltec治疗可减轻CKD进展相关参数。鉴于该研究的试点性质，结果应谨慎解释，并在后续研究中进一步探讨。

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引用次数: 0

ETPLAS Conference: Shaping the future of LAS education and training. ETPLAS会议：塑造LAS教育和培训的未来。

IF 6.9 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Lab Animal

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-025-01666-6

Ana Isabel Santos,Nuno Henrique Franco

引用次数: 0

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