Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2318198
Ruy D Chacón, Christian J Sánchez-Llatas, Sarah L Pajuelo, Andrea J Diaz Forero, Victor Jimenez-Vasquez, Jack A Médico, Luis F Soto-Ugaldi, Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira, Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
Marek's disease virus (MDV) has become an increasingly virulent pathogen in the poultry industry despite vaccination efforts to control it. Brazil has experienced a significant rise of Marek's disease (MD) outbreaks in recent years. Our study aimed to analyze the complete meq gene sequences to understand the molecular epidemiological basis of MD outbreaks in Brazilian vaccinated layer farms. We detected a high incidence rate of visceral MD (67.74%) and multiple circulating MDV strains. The most prevalent and geographically widespread genotype presented several clinical and molecular characteristics of a highly virulent strain and evolving under positive selective pressure. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis revealed a closer relationship with strains from the USA and Japan. This study sheds light on the circulation of MDV strains capable of infecting vaccinated birds. We emphasize the urgency of adopting preventive measures to manage MDV outbreaks threatening the poultry farming industry.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of the <i>meq</i> oncogene of Marek's disease virus in vaccinated Brazilian poultry farms reveals selective pressure on prevalent strains.","authors":"Ruy D Chacón, Christian J Sánchez-Llatas, Sarah L Pajuelo, Andrea J Diaz Forero, Victor Jimenez-Vasquez, Jack A Médico, Luis F Soto-Ugaldi, Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira, Antonio J Piantino Ferreira","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2318198","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2318198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marek's disease virus (MDV) has become an increasingly virulent pathogen in the poultry industry despite vaccination efforts to control it. Brazil has experienced a significant rise of Marek's disease (MD) outbreaks in recent years. Our study aimed to analyze the complete <i>meq</i> gene sequences to understand the molecular epidemiological basis of MD outbreaks in Brazilian vaccinated layer farms. We detected a high incidence rate of visceral MD (67.74%) and multiple circulating MDV strains. The most prevalent and geographically widespread genotype presented several clinical and molecular characteristics of a highly virulent strain and evolving under positive selective pressure. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis revealed a closer relationship with strains from the USA and Japan. This study sheds light on the circulation of MDV strains capable of infecting vaccinated birds. We emphasize the urgency of adopting preventive measures to manage MDV outbreaks threatening the poultry farming industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10930104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2347926
Guk-Il Joung, Jeong-Yeol Bae, Jung-Il Kim, Jin-Young Kim, Joong-Hyun Song
Dogs that had splenectomy are predisposed to fatal thrombotic conditions, and thrombocytosis is a risk factor for post-splenectomy hypercoagulability. However, in veterinary medicine, there are no specific therapeutic approaches for managing this hypercoagulability. This study aimed to determine the preventive effect of clopidogrel on post-operative hypercoagulability during the first 2 weeks post-splenectomy in dogs with splenic masses. This study included 12 dogs that had splenectomy. Seven dogs received no treatment (group A), and five were treated with clopidogrel (group B). Clopidogrel was loaded at 10 mg/kg on day 2 and continued at 2 mg/kg until day 14. Blood samples were collected on the day of surgery and 2, 7, and 14 days after splenectomy in both groups. In group B, thromboelastography (TEG) was performed on the same days. In group A, there was significant elevation of platelet counts on days 7 (p = 0.007) and 14 (p = 0.001) compared to day 0. In group B, the platelet counts were significantly elevated on day 7 (p = 0.032) but no significant difference was found on day 14 compared to day 0. Platelet counts on day 14 were significantly higher in group A than in group B (p = 0.03). The lower platelet counts were correlated with alterations in TEG parameters, and no significant differences were found in the K and α-angle values at all postoperative assessment points compared to day 0. Our study suggests that clopidogrel may reduce post-operative thrombocytosis and hypercoagulability in dogs that undergo splenectomy for splenic masses.
{"title":"Evaluation of clopidogrel, hypercoagulability, and platelet count in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses.","authors":"Guk-Il Joung, Jeong-Yeol Bae, Jung-Il Kim, Jin-Young Kim, Joong-Hyun Song","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2347926","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2347926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dogs that had splenectomy are predisposed to fatal thrombotic conditions, and thrombocytosis is a risk factor for post-splenectomy hypercoagulability. However, in veterinary medicine, there are no specific therapeutic approaches for managing this hypercoagulability. This study aimed to determine the preventive effect of clopidogrel on post-operative hypercoagulability during the first 2 weeks post-splenectomy in dogs with splenic masses. This study included 12 dogs that had splenectomy. Seven dogs received no treatment (group A), and five were treated with clopidogrel (group B). Clopidogrel was loaded at 10 mg/kg on day 2 and continued at 2 mg/kg until day 14. Blood samples were collected on the day of surgery and 2, 7, and 14 days after splenectomy in both groups. In group B, thromboelastography (TEG) was performed on the same days. In group A, there was significant elevation of platelet counts on days 7 (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and 14 (<i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to day 0. In group B, the platelet counts were significantly elevated on day 7 (<i>p</i> = 0.032) but no significant difference was found on day 14 compared to day 0. Platelet counts on day 14 were significantly higher in group A than in group B (<i>p</i> = 0.03). The lower platelet counts were correlated with alterations in TEG parameters, and no significant differences were found in the K and α-angle values at all postoperative assessment points compared to day 0. Our study suggests that clopidogrel may reduce post-operative thrombocytosis and hypercoagulability in dogs that undergo splenectomy for splenic masses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11146242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2367214
Bushra Sana, Naila Chand, Shabana Naz, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Rifat Ullah Khan, Shamsuddin Shamsi, Caterina Losacco, Vincenzo Tufarelli
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different levels of hempseed (HS) on growth performance, immunity and gut health in broiler chickens. A total of 192 Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed HS as follow: control (HS0), HS 10% (HS-10), HS 15% (HS-15) and HS 20% (HS-20). The study on HS supplementation in broilers revealed no significant impacts on feed intake during the starter (p = .2294) and finisher phases (p = .2294), or overall (p = .0944), though numerical increases were noted with higher HS levels. Body weight gain showed no significant influence in the starter and finisher phases, with overall weight gain also not significantly different (p = .0944), but numerically higher with increased HS. Feed conversion ratio was unaffected in the starter (p = .6986) and finisher phases (p = .6425), and overall (p = .2218). Dressing percentage (p = .1062) and mortality (p = .1631) were not significantly altered, but HS-20 had the highest dressing percentage and lowest mortality numerically. White blood cell counts increased significantly (p = .0377), especially in HS-15 and HS-20 groups. IgM and IgG production was higher in HS-20 on day 28 (p = .021). Gut pH (p > .05) and intestinal histomorphology (p > .05) were not significantly affected, although villus height increased numerically with higher HS levels. These results suggest potential benefits of HS, especially at higher inclusion levels. In conclusion, the obtained results indicated that HS incorporation into the diet of broilers did not affect the growth performance and gut health; however, the immune responses were significantly higher at 15 and 20% levels.
{"title":"Effects of hempseed (<i>Cannabis sativa L.</i>) in diet on growth, gut health, and immunity in broilers.","authors":"Bushra Sana, Naila Chand, Shabana Naz, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Rifat Ullah Khan, Shamsuddin Shamsi, Caterina Losacco, Vincenzo Tufarelli","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2367214","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2367214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different levels of hempseed (HS) on growth performance, immunity and gut health in broiler chickens. A total of 192 Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed HS as follow: control (HS0), HS 10% (HS-10), HS 15% (HS-15) and HS 20% (HS-20). The study on HS supplementation in broilers revealed no significant impacts on feed intake during the starter (<i>p</i> = .2294) and finisher phases (<i>p</i> = .2294), or overall (<i>p</i> = .0944), though numerical increases were noted with higher HS levels. Body weight gain showed no significant influence in the starter and finisher phases, with overall weight gain also not significantly different (<i>p</i> = .0944), but numerically higher with increased HS. Feed conversion ratio was unaffected in the starter (<i>p</i> = .6986) and finisher phases (<i>p</i> = .6425), and overall (<i>p</i> = .2218). Dressing percentage (<i>p</i> = .1062) and mortality (<i>p</i> = .1631) were not significantly altered, but HS-20 had the highest dressing percentage and lowest mortality numerically. White blood cell counts increased significantly (<i>p</i> = .0377), especially in HS-15 and HS-20 groups. IgM and IgG production was higher in HS-20 on day 28 (<i>p</i> = .021). Gut pH (<i>p</i> > .05) and intestinal histomorphology (<i>p</i> > .05) were not significantly affected, although villus height increased numerically with higher HS levels. These results suggest potential benefits of HS, especially at higher inclusion levels. In conclusion, the obtained results indicated that HS incorporation into the diet of broilers did not affect the growth performance and gut health; however, the immune responses were significantly higher at 15 and 20% levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11188954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300947
Mathieu de Preux, Christina Precht, Julien Guevar, Claudia Graubner, Sebastian Thenhaus-Schnabel, Larissa Buser, Anton Lukes, Christoph Koch
A 16-year-old warmblood mare was referred with a progressive history of behavioral changes and left-sided blindness. Following neuroanatomical localization to the forebrain, magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a well-delineated, 4.5 cm in diameter, round pituitary mass causing marked compression of the midbrain and optic chiasm. Euthanasia was recommended but declined by the owners. Veterinary specialists and a human neurosurgeon collaboratively prepared for surgical case management. A novel navigated transmandibular lateral transsphenoidal approach was developed to access the region of the sella turcica and practiced on cadaver specimens. The horse was anesthetized and placed in sternal recumbency with the head above the heart line. Using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-coupled navigation system, a navigated pin traversing the vertical ramus of the mandible and the lateral pterygoid muscle was placed in a direct trajectory to the predetermined osteotomy site of the basisphenoid bone. A safe corridor to the osteotomy site was established using sequential tubular dilators bypassing the guttural pouch, internal and external carotid arteries. Despite the use of microsurgical techniques, visualization of critical structures was limited by the long and narrow working channel. Whilst partial resection of the mass was achieved, iatrogenic trauma to the normal brain parenchyma was identified by intraoperative imaging. With consent of the owner the mare was euthanized under the same general anesthesia. Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and gross anatomical examination confirmed partial removal of a pituitary adenoma, but also iatrogenic damage to the surrounding brain parenchyma, including the thalamus.
{"title":"A transmandibular lateral transsphenoidal navigated surgical approach to access a pituitary macroadenoma in a warmblood mare.","authors":"Mathieu de Preux, Christina Precht, Julien Guevar, Claudia Graubner, Sebastian Thenhaus-Schnabel, Larissa Buser, Anton Lukes, Christoph Koch","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300947","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 16-year-old warmblood mare was referred with a progressive history of behavioral changes and left-sided blindness. Following neuroanatomical localization to the forebrain, magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a well-delineated, 4.5 cm in diameter, round pituitary mass causing marked compression of the midbrain and optic chiasm. Euthanasia was recommended but declined by the owners. Veterinary specialists and a human neurosurgeon collaboratively prepared for surgical case management. A novel navigated transmandibular lateral transsphenoidal approach was developed to access the region of the sella turcica and practiced on cadaver specimens. The horse was anesthetized and placed in sternal recumbency with the head above the heart line. Using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-coupled navigation system, a navigated pin traversing the vertical ramus of the mandible and the lateral pterygoid muscle was placed in a direct trajectory to the predetermined osteotomy site of the basisphenoid bone. A safe corridor to the osteotomy site was established using sequential tubular dilators bypassing the guttural pouch, internal and external carotid arteries. Despite the use of microsurgical techniques, visualization of critical structures was limited by the long and narrow working channel. Whilst partial resection of the mass was achieved, iatrogenic trauma to the normal brain parenchyma was identified by intraoperative imaging. With consent of the owner the mare was euthanized under the same general anesthesia. Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and gross anatomical examination confirmed partial removal of a pituitary adenoma, but also iatrogenic damage to the surrounding brain parenchyma, including the thalamus.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-27DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2306210
Natasher Madyavanhu, Munyaradzi Davis Shekede, Samuel Kusangaya, Davies Mubika Pfukenyi, Sylvester Chikerema, Isaiah Gwitira
Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of Bovine anaplasmosis is crucial for identifying areas of high prevalence for targeted disease control. This research was aimed at modelling and mapping the B. anaplasmosis potential distribution, and identify hotspots as well as significant variables explaining the occurrence of the disease. The Getis Ord Gi* statistic for Hotspot analysis was used as well as MaxEnt ecological niche modelling. The effects of time, land-use, and agro-ecological regions on B. anaplasmosis occurrence were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results showed that several districts in Zimbabwe are suitable for the occurence of the disease for example Binga, Seke, Buhera, Kwekwe, Gweru, Mhondoro, Chegutu, Sanyati, and in the North: Mbire, Muzarabani, Mt Darwin, Shamva, Bindura, Zvimba and Makonde. Morbidity and mortality hotspots were detected in Gokwe-south, Kwekwe, and Chirumhanzu districts. Binga, Gokwe-south, Gutu, Hurungwe, Mazoe, Nkayi, Shamva, and Kwekwe districts also experienced high disease incidences. Temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, mean diurnal range, and isothermality were the most important variables in explaining 93% of B. anaplasmosis distribution. Unlike land-use and agro-ecological regions, time (months) had a significant effect on B. anaplasmosis occurrence with July and September having significantly (p < 0.05) higher cases and deaths than the rest of the months. The results of this study provide insights into the management strategies and control of B. anaplasmosis in Zimbabwe. It is thus concluded that geo-spatial techniques, combined with ecological niche modelling can provide useful insights into disease prevalence and distribution and hence can contribute to effective management and control of B. anaplasmosis in Zimbabwe.
{"title":"<i>Bovine anaplasmosis</i> in Zimbabwe: spatio-temporal distribution and environmental drivers.","authors":"Natasher Madyavanhu, Munyaradzi Davis Shekede, Samuel Kusangaya, Davies Mubika Pfukenyi, Sylvester Chikerema, Isaiah Gwitira","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2306210","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2306210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of <i>Bovine anaplasmosis</i> is crucial for identifying areas of high prevalence for targeted disease control. This research was aimed at modelling and mapping the <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> potential distribution, and identify hotspots as well as significant variables explaining the occurrence of the disease. The Getis Ord G<sub><i>i</i></sub>* statistic for Hotspot analysis was used as well as MaxEnt ecological niche modelling. The effects of time, land-use, and agro-ecological regions on <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> occurrence were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results showed that several districts in Zimbabwe are suitable for the occurence of the disease for example Binga, Seke, Buhera, Kwekwe, Gweru, Mhondoro, Chegutu, Sanyati, and in the North: Mbire, Muzarabani, Mt Darwin, Shamva, Bindura, Zvimba and Makonde. Morbidity and mortality hotspots were detected in Gokwe-south, Kwekwe, and Chirumhanzu districts. Binga, Gokwe-south, Gutu, Hurungwe, Mazoe, Nkayi, Shamva, and Kwekwe districts also experienced high disease incidences. Temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, mean diurnal range, and isothermality were the most important variables in explaining 93% of <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> distribution. Unlike land-use and agro-ecological regions, time (months) had a significant effect on <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> occurrence with July and September having significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher cases and deaths than the rest of the months. The results of this study provide insights into the management strategies and control of <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> in Zimbabwe. It is thus concluded that geo-spatial techniques, combined with ecological niche modelling can provide useful insights into disease prevalence and distribution and hence can contribute to effective management and control of <i>B. anaplasmosis</i> in Zimbabwe.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10823892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2350661
Ron Braunstein, Goran Hubanic, Ortal Yerushalmy, Sivan Oren-Alkalay, Amit Rimon, Shunit Coppenhagen-Glazer, Ofir Niv, Hilik Marom, Alin Barsheshet, Ronen Hazan
Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a growing global issue, leading to untreatable infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Personalized bacteriophage (phage) therapy, the use of specific anti-bacterial viruses, is currently a leading approach to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. The implementation of phage therapy has primarily been focused on humans, almost neglecting the impact of such infections on the health and welfare of companion animals. Pets also have the potential to spread resistant infections to their owners or the veterinary staff through zoonotic transmission. Here, we showcase personalized phage-antibiotic treatment of a cat with a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa implant-associated infection post-arthrodesis surgery. The treatment encompassed a tailored combination of an anti-P. aeruginosa phage and ceftazidime, precisely matched to the pathogen. The phage was topically applied to the surgical wound while the antibiotic was administered intramuscularly. After two treatment courses spanning 7 and 3 weeks, the surgical wound, which had previously remained open for five months, fully closed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of personalized phage therapy application in felines, which provides further evidence of the effectiveness of this approach. The successful outcome paves the way for personalized phage-antibiotic treatments against persistent infections therapy in veterinary practice.
{"title":"Successful phage-antibiotic therapy of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> implant-associated infection in a Siamese cat.","authors":"Ron Braunstein, Goran Hubanic, Ortal Yerushalmy, Sivan Oren-Alkalay, Amit Rimon, Shunit Coppenhagen-Glazer, Ofir Niv, Hilik Marom, Alin Barsheshet, Ronen Hazan","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2350661","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2350661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a growing global issue, leading to untreatable infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Personalized bacteriophage (phage) therapy, the use of specific anti-bacterial viruses, is currently a leading approach to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. The implementation of phage therapy has primarily been focused on humans, almost neglecting the impact of such infections on the health and welfare of companion animals. Pets also have the potential to spread resistant infections to their owners or the veterinary staff through zoonotic transmission. Here, we showcase personalized phage-antibiotic treatment of a cat with a multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> implant-associated infection post-arthrodesis surgery. The treatment encompassed a tailored combination of an anti-<i>P. aeruginosa</i> phage and ceftazidime, precisely matched to the pathogen. The phage was topically applied to the surgical wound while the antibiotic was administered intramuscularly. After two treatment courses spanning 7 and 3 weeks, the surgical wound, which had previously remained open for five months, fully closed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of personalized phage therapy application in felines, which provides further evidence of the effectiveness of this approach. The successful outcome paves the way for personalized phage-antibiotic treatments against persistent infections therapy in veterinary practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11089911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300943
Md Nazmul Hasan, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Al Asmaul Husna, Daiki Kato, Takayuki Nakagawa, Mohammad Arif, Naoki Miura
Hypoxia may promote tumor progression, and hypoxically altered noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression may play a role in metastasis. Canine oral melanoma (COM) frequently metastasizes, and ncRNA expression under hypoxia may be clinically significant. We aimed to elucidate ncRNA fragments whose expression is altered by hypoxia in COM-derived primary KMeC and metastatic LMeC cell lines using next-generation sequencing to validate these results in qRT-PCR, and then compare expression between metastatic and non-metastatic COM. The NGS analysis and subsequent qRT-PCR validation were performed using hypoxic and normoxic KMeC and LMeC cells, and clinical samples [tumor tissue, plasma, and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles] obtained from dogs with metastatic or non-metastatic melanoma were analyzed with qRT-PCR. Y RNA was significantly decreased in metastatic LMeC cells versus primary KMeC cells in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. The expression of Y RNA was decreased in dogs with metastatic melanoma versus those with non-metastatic melanoma for all clinical sample types, reflecting the pattern found with hypoxia. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that Y RNA level is a promising biomarker for discriminating metastatic from non-metastatic melanoma in plasma [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.993, p < 0.0001] and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (AUC = 0.981, p = 0.0002). Overall, Y RNA may be more resistant to hypoxic stress in the metastatic than the non-metastatic state for COM. However, further investigation is required to elucidate the biological functions of Y RNA under hypoxic conditions.
低氧可能会促进肿瘤进展,而低氧改变的非编码 RNA(ncRNA)表达可能会在转移中发挥作用。犬口腔黑色素瘤(COM)经常发生转移,低氧条件下的ncRNA表达可能具有临床意义。我们的目的是利用新一代测序技术阐明低氧会改变原发性 KMeC 和转移性 LMeC 细胞系中 ncRNA 表达的片段,并在 qRT-PCR 中验证这些结果,然后比较转移性和非转移性 COM 的表达情况。利用缺氧和正常缺氧的 KMeC 和 LMeC 细胞进行了 NGS 分析和随后的 qRT-PCR 验证,并用 qRT-PCR 分析了从患有转移性或非转移性黑色素瘤的狗身上获得的临床样本 [肿瘤组织、血浆和血浆衍生细胞外囊泡]。在缺氧和常氧条件下,转移性 LMeC 细胞与原发性 KMeC 细胞相比,Y RNA 表达量明显下降。在所有临床样本类型中,转移性黑色素瘤犬与非转移性黑色素瘤犬相比,Y RNA的表达量都有所下降,这反映了缺氧时发现的模式。接收器操作特征分析表明,Y RNA 水平是一种很有希望的生物标记物,可用于区分血浆中的转移性和非转移性黑色素瘤[曲线下面积 (AUC) = 0.993,P = 0.0002]。总体而言,对于 COM 而言,转移状态下的 Y RNA 可能比非转移状态下的 Y RNA 更能抵抗低氧压力。然而,要阐明 Y RNA 在缺氧条件下的生物学功能,还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Hypoxia-related Y RNA fragments as a novel potential biomarker for distinguishing metastatic oral melanoma from non-metastatic oral melanoma in dogs.","authors":"Md Nazmul Hasan, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Al Asmaul Husna, Daiki Kato, Takayuki Nakagawa, Mohammad Arif, Naoki Miura","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300943","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia may promote tumor progression, and hypoxically altered noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression may play a role in metastasis. Canine oral melanoma (COM) frequently metastasizes, and ncRNA expression under hypoxia may be clinically significant. We aimed to elucidate ncRNA fragments whose expression is altered by hypoxia in COM-derived primary KMeC and metastatic LMeC cell lines using next-generation sequencing to validate these results in qRT-PCR, and then compare expression between metastatic and non-metastatic COM. The NGS analysis and subsequent qRT-PCR validation were performed using hypoxic and normoxic KMeC and LMeC cells, and clinical samples [tumor tissue, plasma, and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles] obtained from dogs with metastatic or non-metastatic melanoma were analyzed with qRT-PCR. Y RNA was significantly decreased in metastatic LMeC cells versus primary KMeC cells in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. The expression of Y RNA was decreased in dogs with metastatic melanoma versus those with non-metastatic melanoma for all clinical sample types, reflecting the pattern found with hypoxia. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that Y RNA level is a promising biomarker for discriminating metastatic from non-metastatic melanoma in plasma [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.993, <i>p</i> < 0.0001] and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (AUC = 0.981, <i>p</i> = 0.0002). Overall, Y RNA may be more resistant to hypoxic stress in the metastatic than the non-metastatic state for COM. However, further investigation is required to elucidate the biological functions of Y RNA under hypoxic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10829814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2371609
Chenjian Li, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Qian Zhu, Yating Cheng, Jue Gui, Bo Song, Zhenlei Zhou, Xiangfeng Kong
This study investigated the differences in bone growth and turnover and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) uptake among three different breeds of growing-finishing pigs. Ninety healthy Duroc, Xiangcun black (XCB), and Taoyuan black (TYB) pigs (30 pigs per breed) at 35 day-old (D) with the average body weight (BW) of their respective breed were assigned and raised to 185 D. The results showed that Duroc pigs had higher bone weight and length than the XCB and TYB pigs at 80, 125, and 185 D and the bone index at 185 D (p < 0.05). Duroc pigs had higher bone mineral densities (femur and tibia) compared with the other two breeds at 80 D and 125 D, whereas TYB pigs had higher mineral content and bone breaking load (rib) compared with the other two breeds at 185 D (p < 0.05). The bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteocalcin concentrations were higher, and TRACP5b concentration was lower in serum of TYB pigs at 125 D (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, and fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations were higher in serum of TYB pigs at 185 D (p < 0.05). The TYB pigs had higher apparent total tract digestibility of P at 80 D and 185 D and bone Ca and P contents at 185 D in comparison to the Duroc pigs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, gene expressions related to renal uptake of Ca and P differed among the three breeds of pigs. Collectively, Duroc pigs have higher bone growth, whereas TYB pigs have a higher potential for mineral deposition caused by more active Ca uptake.
本研究调查了三个不同品种的生长育成猪在骨骼生长和周转以及钙(Ca)和磷(P)吸收方面的差异。将 90 头健康的杜洛克猪、湘村黑猪(XCB)和桃源黑猪(TYB)(每个品种 30 头)在 35 日龄(D)时按各自品种的平均体重(BW)分配并饲养至 185 日龄。结果表明,杜洛克猪在 80、125 和 185 日龄时的骨重和骨长高于 XCB 和 TYB 猪,185 日龄时的骨指数(p p p 3)、185 日龄时 TYB 猪血清中甲状旁腺激素、甲状腺素和成纤维细胞生长因子 23 的浓度更高(p p 4)。
{"title":"Differences in intestinal and renal Ca and P uptake in three different breeds of growing-finishing pigs.","authors":"Chenjian Li, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Qian Zhu, Yating Cheng, Jue Gui, Bo Song, Zhenlei Zhou, Xiangfeng Kong","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2371609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2024.2371609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the differences in bone growth and turnover and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) uptake among three different breeds of growing-finishing pigs. Ninety healthy Duroc, Xiangcun black (XCB), and Taoyuan black (TYB) pigs (30 pigs per breed) at 35 day-old (D) with the average body weight (BW) of their respective breed were assigned and raised to 185 D. The results showed that Duroc pigs had higher bone weight and length than the XCB and TYB pigs at 80, 125, and 185 D and the bone index at 185 D (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Duroc pigs had higher bone mineral densities (femur and tibia) compared with the other two breeds at 80 D and 125 D, whereas TYB pigs had higher mineral content and bone breaking load (rib) compared with the other two breeds at 185 D (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteocalcin concentrations were higher, and TRACP5b concentration was lower in serum of TYB pigs at 125 D (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Meanwhile, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, and fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations were higher in serum of TYB pigs at 185 D (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The TYB pigs had higher apparent total tract digestibility of P at 80 D and 185 D and bone Ca and P contents at 185 D in comparison to the Duroc pigs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, gene expressions related to renal uptake of Ca and P differed among the three breeds of pigs. Collectively, Duroc pigs have higher bone growth, whereas TYB pigs have a higher potential for mineral deposition caused by more active Ca uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2373287
Asmaa T Y Kishawy, Reham A Abd El-Wahab, Fatma Eldemery, Mona Mohammed I Abdel Rahman, Saleh Altuwaijri, Rasha M M Ezz-Eldin, Ehab M Abd-Allah, Shimaa Zayed, Zohair S Mulla, Rasha B El Sharkawy, Shereen Badr, Wessam Youssef, Doaa Ibrahim
Early nutritional management approach greatly impacts broilers' performance and resistance against coccidiosis. The current study explored the impact of post-hatch feeding with a combination of glutamine (Glut) and different levels of omega-3 on broiler chickens' growth performance, muscle building, intestinal barrier, antioxidant ability and protection against avian coccidiosis. A total of six hundred Cobb 500 was divided into six groups: first group (fed basal diet and unchallenged (control) and challenged (negative control, NC) groups were fed a basal diet without additives, and the other groups were infected with Eimeria spp and supplemented with 1.5% Glut alone or with three different levels of omega-3 (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) during the starter period. Notable improvement in body weight gain was observed in the group which fed basal diet supplemented with glut and 1% omega 3 even after coccidia infection (increased by 25% compared challenged group) while feed conversion ratio was restored to control. Myogeneis was enhanced in the group supplemented with Glut and omega-3 (upregulation of myogenin, MyoD, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase and insulin like growth factor-1 and downregulating of myostatin genes). Groups supplemented with Glut and higher levels of omega-3 highly expressed occluding, mucin-2, junctional Adhesion Molecule 2, b-defensin-1 and cathelicidins-2 genes. Group fed 1% Glut + omega-3 showed an increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase and super oxide dismutase enzymes activities with reduced levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and H2O2. Post-infection, dietary Glut and 1% omega-3 increased intestinal interleukin-10 (IL) and secretory immunoglobulin-A and serum lysozyme, while decreased the elevated inflammatory mediators comprising interleukin IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase. Fecal oocyst excretion and lesions score severity were lowered in the group fed 1% Glut and omega 3. Based on these findings, dietary Glut and omega-3 supplementation augmented restored overall broilers' performance after coccidial challenge.
{"title":"Insights of early feeding regime supplemented with glutamine and various levels of omega-3 in broiler chickens: growth performance, muscle building, antioxidant capacity, intestinal barriers health and defense against mixed <i>Eimeria spp</i> infection.","authors":"Asmaa T Y Kishawy, Reham A Abd El-Wahab, Fatma Eldemery, Mona Mohammed I Abdel Rahman, Saleh Altuwaijri, Rasha M M Ezz-Eldin, Ehab M Abd-Allah, Shimaa Zayed, Zohair S Mulla, Rasha B El Sharkawy, Shereen Badr, Wessam Youssef, Doaa Ibrahim","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2373287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2024.2373287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early nutritional management approach greatly impacts broilers' performance and resistance against coccidiosis. The current study explored the impact of post-hatch feeding with a combination of glutamine (Glut) and different levels of omega-3 on broiler chickens' growth performance, muscle building, intestinal barrier, antioxidant ability and protection against avian coccidiosis. A total of six hundred Cobb 500 was divided into six groups: first group (fed basal diet and unchallenged (control) and challenged (negative control, NC) groups were fed a basal diet without additives, and the other groups were infected with <i>Eimeria spp</i> and supplemented with 1.5% Glut alone or with three different levels of omega-3 (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) during the starter period. Notable improvement in body weight gain was observed in the group which fed basal diet supplemented with glut and 1% omega 3 even after coccidia infection (increased by 25% compared challenged group) while feed conversion ratio was restored to control. Myogeneis was enhanced in the group supplemented with Glut and omega-3 (upregulation of myogenin, MyoD, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase and insulin like growth factor-1 and downregulating of myostatin genes). Groups supplemented with Glut and higher levels of omega-3 highly expressed occluding, mucin-2, junctional Adhesion Molecule 2, b-defensin-1 and cathelicidins-2 genes. Group fed 1% Glut + omega-3 showed an increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase and super oxide dismutase enzymes activities with reduced levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Post-infection, dietary Glut and 1% omega-3 increased intestinal interleukin-10 (IL) and secretory immunoglobulin-A and serum lysozyme, while decreased the elevated inflammatory mediators comprising interleukin IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase. Fecal oocyst excretion and lesions score severity were lowered in the group fed 1% Glut and omega 3. Based on these findings, dietary Glut and omega-3 supplementation augmented restored overall broilers' performance after coccidial challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2288876
Nicola Pusterla, Kaila Lawton, Samantha Barnum
Adult horses are susceptible to equine coronavirus (ECoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), although, only ECoV has been linked to clinical disease. Little information is available regarding the seroprevalence against ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 in adult healthy horses. The goal of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence against two coronaviruses known to infect horses using convenience samples collected from horses recently imported from Europe to the United States from 2019 to 2023. A total of 385 banked serum samples were tested against ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 using previously validated ELISA assays. Prevalence factors including date of arrival in the United States, signalment and country of origin were available for the majority of the horses. A total of 9/385 (2.3%) and 4/385 (1.0%) horses tested seropositive for ECoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The ECoV seropositive horses were all mares, ages 4 to 26 years (median 9 years) and originated from Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium and Italy. These mares were predominantly imported during the summer and fall months. All SARS-CoV-2 seropositive horses were mares ages 5 to 10 years (median 7.5 years) imported from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The majority of the SARS-CoV-2 seropositive horses were imported during the colder months of the year. The study results support the presence of ECoV in Europe and report on the first SARS-CoV-2 seropositive healthy adult horses outside the United States. Commingling for movements by air and close contact to humans may predispose transmission with ECoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively.
{"title":"Investigation of the seroprevalence to equine coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 in healthy adult horses recently imported to the United States.","authors":"Nicola Pusterla, Kaila Lawton, Samantha Barnum","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2288876","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2288876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult horses are susceptible to equine coronavirus (ECoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), although, only ECoV has been linked to clinical disease. Little information is available regarding the seroprevalence against ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 in adult healthy horses. The goal of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence against two coronaviruses known to infect horses using convenience samples collected from horses recently imported from Europe to the United States from 2019 to 2023. A total of 385 banked serum samples were tested against ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 using previously validated ELISA assays. Prevalence factors including date of arrival in the United States, signalment and country of origin were available for the majority of the horses. A total of 9/385 (2.3%) and 4/385 (1.0%) horses tested seropositive for ECoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The ECoV seropositive horses were all mares, ages 4 to 26 years (median 9 years) and originated from Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium and Italy. These mares were predominantly imported during the summer and fall months. All SARS-CoV-2 seropositive horses were mares ages 5 to 10 years (median 7.5 years) imported from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The majority of the SARS-CoV-2 seropositive horses were imported during the colder months of the year. The study results support the presence of ECoV in Europe and report on the first SARS-CoV-2 seropositive healthy adult horses outside the United States. Commingling for movements by air and close contact to humans may predispose transmission with ECoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}