Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2360422
Bert De Jonge, Bart Pardon, Jozefien Callens, Koen Chiers
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is characterized by a dissecting intramucosal hematoma at the small bowel, causing obstruction and severe hemorrhage in dairy cattle. Recent investigation revealed the presence of early-stage lesions in cows affected by HBS. These are presumed to be the initial stage of the hematoma, as both share unique dissection of the lamina muscularis mucosae (LMM) as histological hallmark. Early-stage lesions of HBS have not been characterized in greater detail, and neither has the hypothesis of mucosal abrasion as etiology been explored. Therefore, the first objective of the present study was to characterize the morphology of early-stage lesions, by gross examination, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The second objective was to determine the effect of mucosal abrasion to the small intestine in an ex vivo model. A total of 86 early-stage lesions from 10 cows with HBS were characterized. No underlying alterations at the LMM were evident which could explain their occurrence. However, degeneration at the ultrastructural level of the LMM smooth muscle cells was present in 3 of 4 lesions, it is however unclear whether this is primary or secondary. Bacteriological examination did not reveal any association with a specific bacterium. Experimental-induced and early-stage lesions were gross and histologically evaluated and scored in three cows with HBS and seven controls. Experimentally induced lesions in both affected cows and controls, were histologically very similar to the naturally occurring early-stage lesions. Altogether, the results are suggestive for mucosal trauma to play a role in the pathogenesis of HBS.
{"title":"Characterization of early-stage lesions and investigation on the role of mucosal trauma in hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in cattle.","authors":"Bert De Jonge, Bart Pardon, Jozefien Callens, Koen Chiers","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2360422","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2360422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is characterized by a dissecting intramucosal hematoma at the small bowel, causing obstruction and severe hemorrhage in dairy cattle. Recent investigation revealed the presence of early-stage lesions in cows affected by HBS. These are presumed to be the initial stage of the hematoma, as both share unique dissection of the lamina muscularis mucosae (LMM) as histological hallmark. Early-stage lesions of HBS have not been characterized in greater detail, and neither has the hypothesis of mucosal abrasion as etiology been explored. Therefore, the first objective of the present study was to characterize the morphology of early-stage lesions, by gross examination, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The second objective was to determine the effect of mucosal abrasion to the small intestine in an <i>ex vivo</i> model. A total of 86 early-stage lesions from 10 cows with HBS were characterized. No underlying alterations at the LMM were evident which could explain their occurrence. However, degeneration at the ultrastructural level of the LMM smooth muscle cells was present in 3 of 4 lesions, it is however unclear whether this is primary or secondary. Bacteriological examination did not reveal any association with a specific bacterium. Experimental-induced and early-stage lesions were gross and histologically evaluated and scored in three cows with HBS and seven controls. Experimentally induced lesions in both affected cows and controls, were histologically very similar to the naturally occurring early-stage lesions. Altogether, the results are suggestive for mucosal trauma to play a role in the pathogenesis of HBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11151803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection causes a high mortality rate in porcine animals. Antimicrobial resistance poses global threats to public health. The current study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities and probe the resistome of A. pleuropneumoniae in Taiwan. Herein, 133 isolates were retrospectively collected; upon initial screening, 38 samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS). Over the period 2017-2022, the lowest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for ceftiofur, cephalexin, cephalothin, and enrofloxacin, while the highest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for oxytetracycline, streptomycin, doxycycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, kanamycin, and florfenicol. Furthermore, most isolates (71.4%) showed multiple drug resistance. NGS-based resistome analysis revealed aminoglycoside- and tetracycline-related genes at the highest prevalence, followed by genes related to beta-lactam, sulfamethoxazole, florphenicol, and macrolide. A plasmid replicon (repUS47) and insertion sequences (IS10R and ISVAp11) were identified in resistant isolates. Notably, the multiple resistance roles of the insertion sequence IS10R were widely proposed in human medicine; however, this is the first time IS10R has been reported in veterinary medicine. Concordance analysis revealed a high consistency of phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility to florphenicol, tilmicosin, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline. The current study reports the antimicrobial characterization of A. pleuropneumoniae for the first time in Taiwan using NGS.
{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistome of <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> in Taiwan: a next-generation sequencing analysis.","authors":"Chiao-Hsu Ke, Pan-Yun Lai, Feng-Yang Hsu, Po-Ren Hsueh, Ming-Tang Chiou, Chao-Nan Lin","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2335947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2024.2335947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> infection causes a high mortality rate in porcine animals. Antimicrobial resistance poses global threats to public health. The current study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities and probe the resistome of <i>A. pleuropneumoniae</i> in Taiwan. Herein, 133 isolates were retrospectively collected; upon initial screening, 38 samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS). Over the period 2017-2022, the lowest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for ceftiofur, cephalexin, cephalothin, and enrofloxacin, while the highest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for oxytetracycline, streptomycin, doxycycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, kanamycin, and florfenicol. Furthermore, most isolates (71.4%) showed multiple drug resistance. NGS-based resistome analysis revealed aminoglycoside- and tetracycline-related genes at the highest prevalence, followed by genes related to beta-lactam, sulfamethoxazole, florphenicol, and macrolide. A plasmid replicon (repUS47) and insertion sequences (IS10R and ISVAp11) were identified in resistant isolates. Notably, the multiple resistance roles of the insertion sequence IS10R were widely proposed in human medicine; however, this is the first time IS10R has been reported in veterinary medicine. Concordance analysis revealed a high consistency of phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility to florphenicol, tilmicosin, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline. The current study reports the antimicrobial characterization of <i>A. pleuropneumoniae</i> for the first time in Taiwan using NGS.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11064736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2318195
Sergio Villanueva-Saz, María Del Carmen Aranda, María de Los Ángeles Jiménez, Paloma Jimena de Andrés, Maite Verde, María Climent, María Eugenia Lebrero Berna, Diana Marteles Aragüés, Antonio Fernández
Background: Knowledge of reference intervals for blood analytes, including serum protein fractions, is of great importance for the identification of infectious and inflammatory diseases and is often lacking in wild animal species.
Material and methods: Serum samples were obtained from European minks enrolled in the breeding program (n = 55). Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) were used to separate and identify protein fractions. Albumin, α1, α2, β, and γ-globulins fractions were identified in all mink sera by both electrophoresis methods. Reference intervals (90% CI) were determined following the 2008 guidelines of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. The methods were compared using Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman analysis, and Lin's concordance correlation.
Results: A significant bias was found between methods for α1, α2, and γ-globulin. Lin's concordance correlation was considered unacceptable for α1, α2, and β-globulins. Differences for gender between methods were found for albumin and α2-globuins, which were higher for males than females. γ-globulins were higher for adults than young minks using both methods; however, α1 and α2-globulins were lower.
Conclusion: Both methods are adequate for identifying serum protein disorders, but the AGE and CZE methods are not equivalent. Therefore, reference intervals for each technique are required.
{"title":"Serum protein electrophoresis in European mink (<i>Mustela lutreola</i>): reference intervals and comparison of agarose gel electrophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis.","authors":"Sergio Villanueva-Saz, María Del Carmen Aranda, María de Los Ángeles Jiménez, Paloma Jimena de Andrés, Maite Verde, María Climent, María Eugenia Lebrero Berna, Diana Marteles Aragüés, Antonio Fernández","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2318195","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2318195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knowledge of reference intervals for blood analytes, including serum protein fractions, is of great importance for the identification of infectious and inflammatory diseases and is often lacking in wild animal species.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Serum samples were obtained from European minks enrolled in the breeding program (n = 55). Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) were used to separate and identify protein fractions. Albumin, α1, α2, β, and γ-globulins fractions were identified in all mink sera by both electrophoresis methods. Reference intervals (90% CI) were determined following the 2008 guidelines of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. The methods were compared using Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman analysis, and Lin's concordance correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant bias was found between methods for α1, α2, and γ-globulin. Lin's concordance correlation was considered unacceptable for α1, α2, and β-globulins. Differences for gender between methods were found for albumin and α2-globuins, which were higher for males than females. γ-globulins were higher for adults than young minks using both methods; however, α1 and α2-globulins were lower.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both methods are adequate for identifying serum protein disorders, but the AGE and CZE methods are not equivalent. Therefore, reference intervals for each technique are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2305731
Sally J Coggins, Benjamin Kimble, Richard Malik, Mary F Thompson, Jacqueline M Norris, Merran Govendir
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a potentially fatal coronavirus-driven disease of cats. Treatment with nucleoside analogue GS-441524 and or prodrug remdesivir (RDV) have produced remission in both experimentally induced and naturally occurring FIP, yet information regarding metabolism of RDV into GS-441524 in cats is scarce. This study assessed possible phase I metabolism of RDV in cats, utilising an in vitro feline microsome model with in vitro t1/2 and in vitro Clint calculated using the substrate depletion method. A previously validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fluorescence method was utilised for detection and analysis of RDV and GS-441524. Qualitative yield of RDV and intermediate metabolite GS-441524 were determined following microsome incubation, then compared to whole blood and plasma incubations. In vitro microsome incubation resulted in rapid depletion of RDV, though it did not appear to resemble a conventional phase I-dependent reaction in cats, as it is in humans and dogs. Depletion of RDV into GS-441524 was demonstrated in whole blood in vitro, suggesting cats convert RDV to GS-441524, likely via blood esterases, as observed in mice and rats. RDV metabolism is unlikely to be impacted by impaired liver function in cats. Furthermore, as RDV depletes within minutes, whereas GS-441524 is very stable, whole blood or plasma GS-441524 concentrations, rather than plasma RDV concentrations, are more appropriate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in cats receiving RDV.
{"title":"Assessing <i>in vitro</i> stability of remdesivir (GS-5734) and conversion to GS-441524 in feline plasma and whole blood.","authors":"Sally J Coggins, Benjamin Kimble, Richard Malik, Mary F Thompson, Jacqueline M Norris, Merran Govendir","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2305731","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2305731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a potentially fatal coronavirus-driven disease of cats. Treatment with nucleoside analogue GS-441524 and or prodrug remdesivir (RDV) have produced remission in both experimentally induced and naturally occurring FIP, yet information regarding metabolism of RDV into GS-441524 in cats is scarce. This study assessed possible phase I metabolism of RDV in cats, utilising an <i>in vitro</i> feline microsome model with in vitro t<sub>1/2</sub> and <i>in vitro</i> Cl<sub>int</sub> calculated using the substrate depletion method. A previously validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fluorescence method was utilised for detection and analysis of RDV and GS-441524. Qualitative yield of RDV and intermediate metabolite GS-441524 were determined following microsome incubation, then compared to whole blood and plasma incubations. <i>In vitro</i> microsome incubation resulted in rapid depletion of RDV, though it did not appear to resemble a conventional phase I-dependent reaction in cats, as it is in humans and dogs. Depletion of RDV into GS-441524 was demonstrated in whole blood <i>in vitro</i>, suggesting cats convert RDV to GS-441524, likely via blood esterases, as observed in mice and rats. RDV metabolism is unlikely to be impacted by impaired liver function in cats. Furthermore, as RDV depletes within minutes, whereas GS-441524 is very stable, whole blood or plasma GS-441524 concentrations, rather than plasma RDV concentrations, are more appropriate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in cats receiving RDV.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10829815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2347928
Naod Thomas Masebo, Giovanna Marliani, Flavia Shannon Del Re, Laura Abram, Damiano Cavallini, Marco Di Pietro, Andrea Beltrame, Eliana Schiavon, Marilena Bolcato, Joaquin Hernandez Bermudez, Arcangelo Gentile, Joana G P Jacinto
Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of different treatments for BRD on health and welfare in fattening bulls. A total of 264 bulls were enrolled. Welfare was assessed on day 2 (T0) and day 15 (T1) after arrival. A decrease in the welfare level was observed from T0 to T1. All bulls were inspected clinically at T0 and T1 revealing an increase of skin lesions and lameness in T1. In both periods, a high incidence of respiratory disease was observed. A prevalence of 79.55% and 95.45% of Mycoplasma bovis using RT-PCR and culture at T0 and T1 respectively was observed. Blood samples were collected for haematology at T0 and T1. At T0, 36 animals were individually treated for BRD with an antimicrobial (IT), 54 received a metaphylactic treatment with tulathromycin (M), 150 received a metaphylactic treatment with tulathromycin plus a second antimicrobial (M + IT) whereas 24 were considered healthy and therefore not treated (NT). Additionally, 128 were treated with a non-steroid anti-inflammatory (NSAID). Neutrophils of M + IT were significantly higher than groups NT and M and the lymphocytes of M + IT were significantly lower than that of IT. White blood cells, neutrophils and N/L ratio of animals treated with an NSAID was significantly higher than that not treated. Lung inspection of 172 bulls at the abattoir indicated that 92.43% presented at least one lung lesion. A statistically significant effect of the NSAID treatment on the lung lesions was observed. Our findings indicate that BRD was a major welfare and health concern and evidence the difficulties of antimicrobial treatment of M. bovis.
{"title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatments for BRD on health and welfare in fattening bulls: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Naod Thomas Masebo, Giovanna Marliani, Flavia Shannon Del Re, Laura Abram, Damiano Cavallini, Marco Di Pietro, Andrea Beltrame, Eliana Schiavon, Marilena Bolcato, Joaquin Hernandez Bermudez, Arcangelo Gentile, Joana G P Jacinto","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2347928","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2347928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of different treatments for BRD on health and welfare in fattening bulls. A total of 264 bulls were enrolled. Welfare was assessed on day 2 (T0) and day 15 (T1) after arrival. A decrease in the welfare level was observed from T0 to T1. All bulls were inspected clinically at T0 and T1 revealing an increase of skin lesions and lameness in T1. In both periods, a high incidence of respiratory disease was observed. A prevalence of 79.55% and 95.45% of <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> using RT-PCR and culture at T0 and T1 respectively was observed. Blood samples were collected for haematology at T0 and T1. At T0, 36 animals were individually treated for BRD with an antimicrobial (IT), 54 received a metaphylactic treatment with tulathromycin (M), 150 received a metaphylactic treatment with tulathromycin plus a second antimicrobial (M + IT) whereas 24 were considered healthy and therefore not treated (NT). Additionally, 128 were treated with a non-steroid anti-inflammatory (NSAID). Neutrophils of M + IT were significantly higher than groups NT and M and the lymphocytes of M + IT were significantly lower than that of IT. White blood cells, neutrophils and N/L ratio of animals treated with an NSAID was significantly higher than that not treated. Lung inspection of 172 bulls at the abattoir indicated that 92.43% presented at least one lung lesion. A statistically significant effect of the NSAID treatment on the lung lesions was observed. Our findings indicate that BRD was a major welfare and health concern and evidence the difficulties of antimicrobial treatment of <i>M. bovis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2349948
Eman A Mady, Haruna Osuga, Haruka Toyama, Hussein M El-Husseiny, Ryo Inoue, Harutaka Murase, Yuki Yamamoto, Kentaro Nagaoka
The gut microbiota (GM) is essential for mammalian health. Although the association between infant GM and breast milk (BM) composition has been well established in humans, such a relationship has not been investigated in horses. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the GM formation of foals during lactation and determine the presence of low-molecular-weight metabolites in mares' BM and their role in shaping foals' GM. The fecal and BM samples from six pairs of foals and mares were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, respectively. The composition of foal GM changed during lactation time; hierarchical cluster analysis divided the fetal GM into three groups corresponding to different time points in foal development. The level of most metabolites in milk decreased over time with increasing milk yield, while threonic acid and ascorbic acid increased. Further analyses revealed gut bacteria that correlated with changes in milk metabolites; for instance, there was a positive correlation between Bacteroidaceae in the foal's gut microbiota and serine/glycine in the mother's milk. These findings help improve the rearing environment of lactating horses and establish artificial feeding methods for foals.
{"title":"Relationship between the components of mare breast milk and foal gut microbiome: shaping gut microbiome development after birth.","authors":"Eman A Mady, Haruna Osuga, Haruka Toyama, Hussein M El-Husseiny, Ryo Inoue, Harutaka Murase, Yuki Yamamoto, Kentaro Nagaoka","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2349948","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2349948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota (GM) is essential for mammalian health. Although the association between infant GM and breast milk (BM) composition has been well established in humans, such a relationship has not been investigated in horses. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the GM formation of foals during lactation and determine the presence of low-molecular-weight metabolites in mares' BM and their role in shaping foals' GM. The fecal and BM samples from six pairs of foals and mares were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, respectively. The composition of foal GM changed during lactation time; hierarchical cluster analysis divided the fetal GM into three groups corresponding to different time points in foal development. The level of most metabolites in milk decreased over time with increasing milk yield, while threonic acid and ascorbic acid increased. Further analyses revealed gut bacteria that correlated with changes in milk metabolites; for instance, there was a positive correlation between <i>Bacteroidaceae</i> in the foal's gut microbiota and serine/glycine in the mother's milk. These findings help improve the rearing environment of lactating horses and establish artificial feeding methods for foals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11089936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140907657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2319830
Shabana Naz, Gulnaz Bibi, Rida Nadeem, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Sifa Dai, Muhammad Israr, Rifat Ullah Khan
Research on the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), particularly in Japanese quails, is lacking, especially regarding the potential for DNA damage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of administering 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs on the growth performance, DNA integrity, and histopathological alterations of the liver, lung, kidney, and heart in quails. A total of 480 one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into three experimental groups as follows: Group 1 served as the control and received only basic feed, while Group 2 and 3 received 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs via oral gavage. Our results suggested that, birds fed with Se-NPs at both levels significantly (p < .01) reduced feed intake, however, weight gain was significantly (p < .01) increased in quails supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg. Similarly, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p < .01) reduced in group supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg Se-NPs. White blood cells increased significantly (P0.01) in 0.4 mg/kg while haemoglobin and red cell distribution width decreased (p < .01) in the same group. Both treatment regimens resulted in DNA damage and histopathological alterations; however, the adverse effects were more prominent in the group receiving the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg. These findings indicate that the lower dose of 0.2 mg/kg may have beneficial effects on growth. However, the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg not only negatively impacts growth but also leads to histopathological alterations in major organs of the body and DNA damage as well.
关于硒纳米粒子(Se-NPs)的影响,特别是对日本鹌鹑的影响,尤其是对DNA潜在损伤的影响,目前还缺乏研究。因此,本研究旨在调查每公斤硒纳米粒子(Se-NPs)用量为 0.2 和 0.4 毫克时对鹌鹑生长性能、DNA 完整性以及肝、肺、肾和心脏组织病理学改变的影响。将 480 只一天龄的日本鹌鹑分为以下三个实验组:第 1 组为对照组,只喂食基本饲料;第 2 组和第 3 组分别通过口服方式摄入 0.2 毫克/千克和 0.4 毫克/千克的 Se-NPs。我们的结果表明,饲喂这两种水平的 Se-NPs 均能显著(p p p p
{"title":"Evaluation of biological selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, histopathology of vital organs and genotoxicity in Japanese quails (<i>coturnix coturnix japonica)</i>.","authors":"Shabana Naz, Gulnaz Bibi, Rida Nadeem, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Sifa Dai, Muhammad Israr, Rifat Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2319830","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2319830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), particularly in Japanese quails, is lacking, especially regarding the potential for DNA damage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of administering 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs on the growth performance, DNA integrity, and histopathological alterations of the liver, lung, kidney, and heart in quails. A total of 480 one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into three experimental groups as follows: Group 1 served as the control and received only basic feed, while Group 2 and 3 received 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs <i>via</i> oral gavage. Our results suggested that, birds fed with Se-NPs at both levels significantly (<i>p</i> < .01) reduced feed intake, however, weight gain was significantly (<i>p</i> < .01) increased in quails supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg. Similarly, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (<i>p</i> < .01) reduced in group supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg Se-NPs. White blood cells increased significantly (P0.01) in 0.4 mg/kg while haemoglobin and red cell distribution width decreased (<i>p</i> < .01) in the same group. Both treatment regimens resulted in DNA damage and histopathological alterations; however, the adverse effects were more prominent in the group receiving the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg. These findings indicate that the lower dose of 0.2 mg/kg may have beneficial effects on growth. However, the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg not only negatively impacts growth but also leads to histopathological alterations in major organs of the body and DNA damage as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10986439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2331530
Jue Gui, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Wenchao Lin, Chengwen Meng, Xin Hu, Yadong Cui, Wei Lan, Jianhua He, Xiangfeng Kong
This study evaluates the effects of dietary Chinese herb ultrafine powder (CHUP) supplementation in late-phase laying hens on the quality and nutritional values of eggs. A total of 576 Xinyang black-feather laying hens (300-day-old) were randomly allocated into eight groups for a 120-day feeding trial. Each group contained eight replicates with nine hens per replicate. The experimental groups included the control (basal diet) and different levels of CHUP groups (details in 'Materials and methods'). The results showed that the eggshell strength was increased (p < 0.05) in the L, LF, L-LF, L-T, and LF-T groups on day 60 of the trial. In addition, the plasma estradiol level in the L-LF, LF-T, and L-LF-T groups and unsaturated fatty acids concentrations in egg yolk of the CHUP groups (except LF-T group) were increased, whereas total cholesterol (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) in egg yolk and the atherogenicity (T, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) and thrombogenicity (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) indexes were decreased (p < 0.05) on day 60 of the trial compared with the control group. Moreover, bitter amino acids in egg albumen were decreased (p < 0.05) in the L-LF group on day 60 and the L-LF-T group on day 120 of the trial. Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary CHUP supplementation could improve eggshell quality and increase plasma reproductive hormone, fatty acid and amino acid composition, and nutritional values of eggs, especially L-LF and L-LF-T.
本研究评估了蛋鸡后期补充中草药超微粉(CHUP)对鸡蛋质量和营养价值的影响。研究人员将 576 只信阳黑羽蛋鸡(300 日龄)随机分为 8 组,进行为期 120 天的饲养试验。每组包含 8 个重复,每个重复 9 只母鸡。实验组包括对照组(基础日粮)和不同水平的 CHUP 组(详见 "材料和方法")。结果表明,蛋壳强度提高了(p p p p
{"title":"Chinese herb ultrafine powder supplementation improves egg nutritional value and quality in laying hens.","authors":"Jue Gui, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Wenchao Lin, Chengwen Meng, Xin Hu, Yadong Cui, Wei Lan, Jianhua He, Xiangfeng Kong","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2331530","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2331530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the effects of dietary Chinese herb ultrafine powder (CHUP) supplementation in late-phase laying hens on the quality and nutritional values of eggs. A total of 576 Xinyang black-feather laying hens (300-day-old) were randomly allocated into eight groups for a 120-day feeding trial. Each group contained eight replicates with nine hens per replicate. The experimental groups included the control (basal diet) and different levels of CHUP groups (details in 'Materials and methods'). The results showed that the eggshell strength was increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the L, LF, L-LF, L-T, and LF-T groups on day 60 of the trial. In addition, the plasma estradiol level in the L-LF, LF-T, and L-LF-T groups and unsaturated fatty acids concentrations in egg yolk of the CHUP groups (except LF-T group) were increased, whereas total cholesterol (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) in egg yolk and the atherogenicity (T, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) and thrombogenicity (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) indexes were decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on day 60 of the trial compared with the control group. Moreover, bitter amino acids in egg albumen were decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the L-LF group on day 60 and the L-LF-T group on day 120 of the trial. Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary CHUP supplementation could improve eggshell quality and increase plasma reproductive hormone, fatty acid and amino acid composition, and nutritional values of eggs, especially L-LF and L-LF-T.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10986442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300948
Abdul Hafeez, Said Shahid Ali, Junaid Akhtar, Shabana Naz, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Mohammed Fahad Albeshr, Muhammad Israr, Rifat Ullah Khan
The study investigated the impact of incorporating a specific herbal blend comprising coriander, garlic, and fenugreek (CGF) at various levels on the zootechnical performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. The 42-day experiment involved 360 broilers (Cobb 500), organized into four distinct treatment groups. The dietary interventions included a control group consisting of a basal diet and the same diet was supplemented with CGF at rates of 1, 2, and 3%. Broilers receiving a 1% phytogenic mixture exhibited significantly increased live weight and carcass weight. Moreover, the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat significantly improved in broilers supplemented with a 1% phytogenic mixture. On the other hand, the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus showed a notable increase in broilers fed with a 3% phytogenic mixture. Regarding serum metabolites, the 1% phytogenic mixture group displayed significantly higher levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerides. The supplementation of the broiler diet with a herbal mixture of coriander, fenugreek, and garlic at a 1% rate resulted in improved growth performance, carcass quality, nutrient digestion, and lipid profile.
{"title":"Impact of coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>), garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>), fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>) on zootechnical performance, carcass quality, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broilers chickens.","authors":"Abdul Hafeez, Said Shahid Ali, Junaid Akhtar, Shabana Naz, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Mohammed Fahad Albeshr, Muhammad Israr, Rifat Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300948","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study investigated the impact of incorporating a specific herbal blend comprising coriander, garlic, and fenugreek (CGF) at various levels on the zootechnical performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. The 42-day experiment involved 360 broilers (Cobb 500), organized into four distinct treatment groups. The dietary interventions included a control group consisting of a basal diet and the same diet was supplemented with CGF at rates of 1, 2, and 3%. Broilers receiving a 1% phytogenic mixture exhibited significantly increased live weight and carcass weight. Moreover, the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat significantly improved in broilers supplemented with a 1% phytogenic mixture. On the other hand, the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus showed a notable increase in broilers fed with a 3% phytogenic mixture. Regarding serum metabolites, the 1% phytogenic mixture group displayed significantly higher levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerides. The supplementation of the broiler diet with a herbal mixture of coriander, fenugreek, and garlic at a 1% rate resulted in improved growth performance, carcass quality, nutrient digestion, and lipid profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2373295
Aaqil Ahmad, Asad Sultan, Shabana Naz, Naila Chand, Ziaul Islam, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Rifat Ullah Khan, Samia H Abdelrahman, Sifa Dai
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sorghum-based diets as an alternative to maize in broiler nutrition. A total of 320 one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (5 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen), comprising a control group with a basal diet and groups receiving sorghum-based diets with 20%, 40%, and 100% maize replacement. The overall weight gain was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in the control group, followed by 20%, 40%, and 100% sorghum replacement. Additionally, overall feed intake was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the 20% sorghum replacement group compared to the control and other groups. Broilers fed sorghum-based diets exhibited a significantly (p < 0.01) increased feed conversion ratio. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences between broilers fed corn and sorghum; however, the digestibility of crude protein and apparent metabolizable energy significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the 20% sorghum-corn replacement compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. Ileal villus height and width did not differ among the corn-sorghum-based diets, regardless of the replacement percentage. Furthermore, among the cecal microbiota, Lactobacillus count was significantly (p < 0.041) higher in the 20% corn-sorghum diet compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. These findings suggest that replacing corn up to 20% of corn with sorghum in broiler diet positively impact growth performance, gut health, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbiota in broilers. However, larger replacements (40% and 100%) may have negative implications for broiler production and health.
本研究旨在评估不同水平的高粱日粮作为玉米替代品对肉鸡营养的影响。研究人員將 320 隻一天齡的雄性 Ross 708 肉雞隨機分配到四個處理組(每個處理組有五個雞籠,每個雞籠有 16 隻雞),其中包括以基本日糧為主的對照組,以及以高粱替代 20%、40% 和 100%玉米的日糧組。总体增重显著(p p p p 乳酸菌数量显著(p
{"title":"Growth performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal microbiota and histology altered in broilers fed maize- or sorghum-based diets.","authors":"Aaqil Ahmad, Asad Sultan, Shabana Naz, Naila Chand, Ziaul Islam, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Rifat Ullah Khan, Samia H Abdelrahman, Sifa Dai","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2373295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2373295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sorghum-based diets as an alternative to maize in broiler nutrition. A total of 320 one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (5 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen), comprising a control group with a basal diet and groups receiving sorghum-based diets with 20%, 40%, and 100% maize replacement. The overall weight gain was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) higher in the control group, followed by 20%, 40%, and 100% sorghum replacement. Additionally, overall feed intake was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher in the 20% sorghum replacement group compared to the control and other groups. Broilers fed sorghum-based diets exhibited a significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) increased feed conversion ratio. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences between broilers fed corn and sorghum; however, the digestibility of crude protein and apparent metabolizable energy significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) increased in the 20% sorghum-corn replacement compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. Ileal villus height and width did not differ among the corn-sorghum-based diets, regardless of the replacement percentage. Furthermore, among the cecal microbiota, <i>Lactobacillus</i> count was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.041) higher in the 20% corn-sorghum diet compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. These findings suggest that replacing corn up to 20% of corn with sorghum in broiler diet positively impact growth performance, gut health, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbiota in broilers. However, larger replacements (40% and 100%) may have negative implications for broiler production and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}