Flowering and fruiting phenology can have large impacts on a plant's reproductive success. In many plant species, these phenological events are controlled by seasonal climatic cues, resulting in one-year reproductive cycles. However, parts of SE Asian tropical forests have an aseasonal climate with irregular fluctuations. This database comprises phenology records collected from 1993 to 2011 at the community level in an aseasonal lowland dipterocarp forest of the Lambir Hills National Park in Borneo. Observations were made every two weeks at three sites: The Canopy Biology Plot (CBP) with tree towers and walkways, the Operation Raleigh Tower (ORT) area with a tree tower for tourist attraction, and the Crane Plot located between the CBP and ORT, where plants were monitored from terraces on a canopy crane installed in 2000. The dataset includes in total 172,521 records of 450, 118, and 51 plants in CBP, Crane Plot, and ORT, respectively, representing 303 species. The number of individuals per species ranges from 1 to 21, and 64.9% are represented by only one. The plants in the censuses were mostly trees but also included lianas and epiphytes. The data have been used to study the causes and consequences of synchronized flowering and fruiting at the community level, a phenomenon unique to the region. Previous studies have shown that this synchronization is synergistically driven by cool air temperature and drought. Irregular flowering and fruiting have significant impacts on flower visitors, frugivores, forest material cycling, and plant regeneration. The dataset can also be used for comparing the phenology of the same species or group among forests and regions and exploring its association with climates. One major concern regarding tropical forests in the area is the effects of climate change on this community-wide masting regime, which could disrupt forest regeneration and ecosystem processes. The dataset could be an important source of information for conservation efforts aimed at protecting these amazingly diverse forest ecosystems. This dataset can be freely used for non-commercial purposes. Users of these data should cite this data paper in any publications resulting from its use and acknowledge the Forest Department Sarawak and Sarawak Forestry Corporation.
Sharks are important species that occupy different niches and trophic levels due to their biological and behavioural variability. It makes them a key element for conservation measures in marine environments. Among several stressors, climate changes put pressure on species in different ways (direct and indirect) and intensities. Understanding how changes may affect shark species is essential to evaluate measures that reduce the impact on shark populations and help them to adapt to a future climatic scenario. The aim was to identify the levels of vulnerability for Northern and Northeastern Brazil sharks to climate change based on a semiquantitative method of ecological risk assessment. Temperature and UV light were, respectively, the most concerning direct and indirect effects for sharks. In general, most of the assessed species have moderate chances of surviving the pressure caused by climate change. Carcharhinus porosus, Mustelus higmani and Isogomphodon oxyrhyncus were the most vulnerable assessed species. Coastal and estuarine sharks had high rates of exposure and high vulnerability indexes to climate change. Coastal and inshore species generally has high habitat specificity and latitudinal limitation, which worsens its ability to adapt to the new climate scenario. Both parameters may be a crucial factor in preserving coastal shark populations. Continental shelf habitats are commonly affected by other human stressors, such as fishing, waste contamination and destruction of tidal vegetation. In this way, region-specific conservation measures can reduce bycatch and increase reproductive efficiency, increasing the likelihood of coastal sharks surviving climate change. There is still little knowledge about the synergistic effect between human pressure and climate change. However, it is necessary to take measures to preserve the coastal and estuarine environments, so that the biota of these areas show favourable conditions for survival.
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