The 2004 tsunami and coastal subsidence resulted in 97% mangrove loss in the Nicobar Islands (India), leading to major social-ecological change. We assessed how the Nicobar mangrove social-ecological system (SES) responded to the 2004 event using the adaptive cycle (AC) framework. We describe the changes across AC phases (collapse-Ω, reorganisation-α, growth-r, and conservation-K) concerning various capital types (natural, built, human, social), connectedness and resilience. The subsidence and tsunami triggered a rapid collapse (Ω) in the mangrove SES, particularly depleting natural and built capitals. Despite declines in social and human capital, some knowledge and skills were retained within Nicobari communities. We suggest that locally managed interventions involving mangrove restoration are critical to escape the poverty trap caused by resource insufficiency hindering growth. The AC model helps visualise and describe temporal changes, preparing for recovery challenges. This approach is relevant to SESs beyond Nicobar, offering insights for sites confronting similar social-ecological dynamics and challenges.
{"title":"Shifted baselines: Using the adaptive cycle to assess the post-tsunami mangrove social-ecological system recovery in the Nicobar Islands.","authors":"Nehru Prabakaran, Meenakshi Poti, Jean Hugé, Nico Koedam, Kartik Shanker, Farid Dahdouh-Guebas","doi":"10.1007/s13280-024-02088-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13280-024-02088-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2004 tsunami and coastal subsidence resulted in 97% mangrove loss in the Nicobar Islands (India), leading to major social-ecological change. We assessed how the Nicobar mangrove social-ecological system (SES) responded to the 2004 event using the adaptive cycle (AC) framework. We describe the changes across AC phases (collapse-Ω, reorganisation-α, growth-r, and conservation-K) concerning various capital types (natural, built, human, social), connectedness and resilience. The subsidence and tsunami triggered a rapid collapse (Ω) in the mangrove SES, particularly depleting natural and built capitals. Despite declines in social and human capital, some knowledge and skills were retained within Nicobari communities. We suggest that locally managed interventions involving mangrove restoration are critical to escape the poverty trap caused by resource insufficiency hindering growth. The AC model helps visualise and describe temporal changes, preparing for recovery challenges. This approach is relevant to SESs beyond Nicobar, offering insights for sites confronting similar social-ecological dynamics and challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":461,"journal":{"name":"Ambio","volume":" ","pages":"536-551"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02015-6
Freya Olsson, Eleanor B Mackay, Bryan M Spears, Philip Barker, Ian D Jones
Globally, climate warming is increasing air temperatures and changing river flows, but few studies have explicitly considered the consequences for lake temperatures of these dual effects, or the potential to manage lake inflows to mitigate climate warming impacts. Using a one-dimensional model, we tested the sensitivity of lake temperatures to the separate and interacting effects of changes in air temperature and inflow on a small, short-residence time (annual average ≈ 20 days), temperate lake. Reducing inflow by 70% increased summer lake surface temperatures 1.0-1.2 °C and water column stability by 11-19%, equivalent to the effect of 1.2 °C air temperature warming. Conversely, similar increases in inflow could result in lake summer cooling, sufficient to mitigate 0.75 °C air temperature rise, increasing to more than 1.1 °C if inflow temperature does not rise. We discuss how altering lake inflow volume and temperature could be added to the suite of adaptation measures for lakes.
{"title":"Interacting impacts of hydrological changes and air temperature warming on lake temperatures highlight the potential for adaptive management.","authors":"Freya Olsson, Eleanor B Mackay, Bryan M Spears, Philip Barker, Ian D Jones","doi":"10.1007/s13280-024-02015-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13280-024-02015-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, climate warming is increasing air temperatures and changing river flows, but few studies have explicitly considered the consequences for lake temperatures of these dual effects, or the potential to manage lake inflows to mitigate climate warming impacts. Using a one-dimensional model, we tested the sensitivity of lake temperatures to the separate and interacting effects of changes in air temperature and inflow on a small, short-residence time (annual average ≈ 20 days), temperate lake. Reducing inflow by 70% increased summer lake surface temperatures 1.0-1.2 °C and water column stability by 11-19%, equivalent to the effect of 1.2 °C air temperature warming. Conversely, similar increases in inflow could result in lake summer cooling, sufficient to mitigate 0.75 °C air temperature rise, increasing to more than 1.1 °C if inflow temperature does not rise. We discuss how altering lake inflow volume and temperature could be added to the suite of adaptation measures for lakes.</p>","PeriodicalId":461,"journal":{"name":"Ambio","volume":" ","pages":"402-415"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), a group of synthetic chemicals widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have garnered significant international attention due to their adverse effects on the environment and human health. Traditionally, environmental OPEs are thought to originate via direct emissions. Recent evidence suggests that OPEs also have an important indirect source: The transformation of organophosphite antioxidants (another group of mass-produced commercial chemicals) to OPEs via atmospheric chemical reactions. This indirect source can lead to the formation of secondary OPEs (SOPEs) such as tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (TDtBPP), which are widely distributed in the global environment and have distinct physiochemical and toxic properties compared with the well-studied primary OPEs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to obtain a strong fundamental knowledge of SOPEs. This review summarizes the current understanding of the sources, environmental occurrence, human exposure pathways, and environmental hazards of SOPEs. They have been detected in various environmental matrices such as air, soil, and indoor dust, as well as in consumer products such as face masks and foodstuffs. Notably, the reported SOPE concentrations are higher than most primary OPEs. Human exposure pathways related to SOPEs include dietary intake, dust ingestion, hand-to-mouth contact, dermal absorption, and air inhalation. Additionally, risk evaluation indicates that SOPEs are more persistent in the environment and in organisms, and may pose a higher risk than the primary OPEs. Finally, by summarizing the current advances and remaining challenges for the investigation of SOPEs, we propose future research directions regarding their environmental monitoring needs, transformation chemistry, environmental impact, and health effect.
{"title":"Secondary organophosphate esters: A review of environmental source, occurrence, and human exposure","authors":"Xinkai Wang, Yuan Xue, Xianming Zhang, Jinlong Wang, Kaihui Xia, Wei Liu, Zhouqing Xie, Runzeng Liu, Qifan Liu","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2024.2399968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2024.2399968","url":null,"abstract":"Organophosphate esters (OPEs), a group of synthetic chemicals widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have garnered significant international attention due to their adverse effects on the environment and human health. Traditionally, environmental OPEs are thought to originate <i>via</i> direct emissions. Recent evidence suggests that OPEs also have an important indirect source: The transformation of organophosphite antioxidants (another group of mass-produced commercial chemicals) to OPEs <i>via</i> atmospheric chemical reactions. This indirect source can lead to the formation of secondary OPEs (SOPEs) such as tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (TDtBPP), which are widely distributed in the global environment and have distinct physiochemical and toxic properties compared with the well-studied primary OPEs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to obtain a strong fundamental knowledge of SOPEs. This review summarizes the current understanding of the sources, environmental occurrence, human exposure pathways, and environmental hazards of SOPEs. They have been detected in various environmental matrices such as air, soil, and indoor dust, as well as in consumer products such as face masks and foodstuffs. Notably, the reported SOPE concentrations are higher than most primary OPEs. Human exposure pathways related to SOPEs include dietary intake, dust ingestion, hand-to-mouth contact, dermal absorption, and air inhalation. Additionally, risk evaluation indicates that SOPEs are more persistent in the environment and in organisms, and may pose a higher risk than the primary OPEs. Finally, by summarizing the current advances and remaining challenges for the investigation of SOPEs, we propose future research directions regarding their environmental monitoring needs, transformation chemistry, environmental impact, and health effect.","PeriodicalId":10823,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-16DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2024.2401215
Yong-Gang Zhao, Li-Hui Chen, Ming-Li Ye, Wei-Si Su, Chao Lei, Xin-Jie Jin, Yin Lu
The vigorous development of nuclear power is one of the main strategies to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution due to clean and high energy density of nuclear energy. As the main nuclear fuel, uranium is not only the shortage of terrestrial resource but also pose potential threat to the environment. To figure out these dilemma, various polymers have been widely developed to remove U(VI) from wastewater or extract U(VI) from seawater due to abundant reactive sites, high adsorption efficiency, large surface areas and controlled porous structure. Herein, the recent advances concerning U(VI) removal from seawater or wastewater on various polymer-bearing adsorbents (i.e., metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) and the other polymers) were summarized at large. The effect of different modification methods, influencing factors and interaction mechanism of U(VI) on these polymers were reviewed in details. Finally, the current problems as well as future direction of various polymer adsorbents toward U(VI) removal was provided. The review hopefully provides high-efficiency polymer adsorbents for the removal of uranium from aqueous solution or natural seawater.
{"title":"U(VI) removal on polymer adsorbents: Recent development and future challenges","authors":"Yong-Gang Zhao, Li-Hui Chen, Ming-Li Ye, Wei-Si Su, Chao Lei, Xin-Jie Jin, Yin Lu","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2024.2401215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2024.2401215","url":null,"abstract":"The vigorous development of nuclear power is one of the main strategies to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution due to clean and high energy density of nuclear energy. As the main nuclear fuel, uranium is not only the shortage of terrestrial resource but also pose potential threat to the environment. To figure out these dilemma, various polymers have been widely developed to remove U(VI) from wastewater or extract U(VI) from seawater due to abundant reactive sites, high adsorption efficiency, large surface areas and controlled porous structure. Herein, the recent advances concerning U(VI) removal from seawater or wastewater on various polymer-bearing adsorbents (<i>i.e.,</i> metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) and the other polymers) were summarized at large. The effect of different modification methods, influencing factors and interaction mechanism of U(VI) on these polymers were reviewed in details. Finally, the current problems as well as future direction of various polymer adsorbents toward U(VI) removal was provided. The review hopefully provides high-efficiency polymer adsorbents for the removal of uranium from aqueous solution or natural seawater.","PeriodicalId":10823,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15Epub Date: 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122806
Jiwoon Ra, Julie Tolu, Daniel Rentsch, Tarek Manasfi, Urs von Gunten
Species-specific second-order rate constants for the reactions of eight model sulfoxides with hypochlorous acid (kHOCl) were determined to be in the range of 2.7 M-1 s-1 to 5.8 × 103M-1 s-1. A quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) with Taft σ* constants was developed based on eight measured kHOCl-values, showing a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.89) with a negative slope ρ = -1.5 typical for electrophilic reactions. The reaction is mainly controlled by HOCl, with a minor contribution of OCl-. The contributions of other reactive chlorine species (e.g., Cl2 and Cl2O) to the overall kinetics are only 7 % for Cl2O and 5 % for Cl2 under typical drinking water treatment conditions. A combination of several analytical methods (HPLC-MS/MS, HPLC-ICP-MS/MS, and NMR) was applied for the identification of transformation products. Major transformation products from the reactions of chlorine with sulfoxides are sulfones, Cl-substituted sulfoxides, aldehydes, and sulfonic acids potentially formed via a transient chlorosulfonium cation. In general, sulfoxides react more readily with chlorine compared to bromine. This might be caused by a partial positive charge on the sulfur which leads to a stronger interaction with Cl in HOCl having a smaller partial positive charge than Br in HOBr. The ratios of the species-specific second-order rate constants for the reactions of the selected sulfoxides with chlorine or bromine (kHOCl/kHOBr) range from 6 to 480. For sulfoxide compounds with strong electron-withdrawing substituents the reaction occurs most likely via a carbanion intermediate for which the reaction with HOBr is preferred, resulting in a kHOCl/kHOBr = 0.8.
{"title":"Unveiling the reaction chemistry of sulfoxides during water chlorination.","authors":"Jiwoon Ra, Julie Tolu, Daniel Rentsch, Tarek Manasfi, Urs von Gunten","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species-specific second-order rate constants for the reactions of eight model sulfoxides with hypochlorous acid (k<sub>HOCl</sub>) were determined to be in the range of 2.7 M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> to 5.8 × 10<sup>3</sup>M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. A quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) with Taft σ* constants was developed based on eight measured k<sub>HOCl</sub>-values, showing a good linear correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.89) with a negative slope ρ = -1.5 typical for electrophilic reactions. The reaction is mainly controlled by HOCl, with a minor contribution of OCl<sup>-</sup>. The contributions of other reactive chlorine species (e.g., Cl<sub>2</sub> and Cl<sub>2</sub>O) to the overall kinetics are only 7 % for Cl<sub>2</sub>O and 5 % for Cl<sub>2</sub> under typical drinking water treatment conditions. A combination of several analytical methods (HPLC-MS/MS, HPLC-ICP-MS/MS, and NMR) was applied for the identification of transformation products. Major transformation products from the reactions of chlorine with sulfoxides are sulfones, Cl-substituted sulfoxides, aldehydes, and sulfonic acids potentially formed via a transient chlorosulfonium cation. In general, sulfoxides react more readily with chlorine compared to bromine. This might be caused by a partial positive charge on the sulfur which leads to a stronger interaction with Cl in HOCl having a smaller partial positive charge than Br in HOBr. The ratios of the species-specific second-order rate constants for the reactions of the selected sulfoxides with chlorine or bromine (k<sub>HOCl</sub>/k<sub>HOBr</sub>) range from 6 to 480. For sulfoxide compounds with strong electron-withdrawing substituents the reaction occurs most likely via a carbanion intermediate for which the reaction with HOBr is preferred, resulting in a k<sub>HOCl</sub>/k<sub>HOBr</sub> = 0.8.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"270 ","pages":"122806"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although microplastics have been detected in human blood, placenta and other tissues In this study, for the first time, we characterized the presence and variation of microplastic deposition patterns in three human skeletal tissues, namely the bone, cartilage, and intervertebral discs. Forty microplastic fragments were observed in 24 samples from the bone, cartilage, and intervertebral disc, ranging from 25.44 to 407.39 μm in diameter. The deposition abundance of microplastics in the human intervertebral disc (61.1 ± 44.2 particles/g) was higher than those in the bone (22.9 ± 15.7 particles/g) and cartilage tissue (26.4 ± 17.6 particles/g). The average sizes of microplastics in intervertebral discs (159.5 ± 103.8 μm) and bone (138.86 ± 105.67 μm) were larger than that in the cartilage tissue (87.5 ± 30.7 μm). The most frequently identified polymers were polypropylene (35 %), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (30 %), and polystyrene (20 %). The in vivo experiment suggested that microplastics invaded the bone, cartilage, and intervertebral discs through blood circulation after 4 weeks of exposure. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Type Ⅰ procollagen amino-terminal peptide (PINP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b) were elevated compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that microplastics invade the bone, cartilage, and intervertebral discs through the blood supply, causing distinct patterns of microplastic accumulation in these regions. Microplastic invasion can affect skeletal health by influencing the expression of inflammatory and bone morphogenetic cytokines. These findings provide insights into investigating the impact of microplastics on human skeletal health.
{"title":"Microplastics in human skeletal tissues: Presence, distribution and health implications","authors":"Qiaoyi Yang, Ye Peng, Xiaodong Wu, Xiaorui Cao, Peng Zhang, Zhuowen Liang, Jiawei Zhang, Yongfeng Zhang, Peipei Gao, Yunfang Fu, Peng Liu, Zipeng Cao, Tan Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109316","url":null,"abstract":"Although microplastics have been detected in human blood, placenta and other tissues In this study, for the first time, we characterized the presence and variation of microplastic deposition patterns in three human skeletal tissues, namely the bone, cartilage, and intervertebral discs. Forty microplastic fragments were observed in 24 samples from the bone, cartilage, and intervertebral disc, ranging from 25.44 to 407.39 μm in diameter. The deposition abundance of microplastics in the human intervertebral disc (61.1 ± 44.2 particles/g) was higher than those in the bone (22.9 ± 15.7 particles/g) and cartilage tissue (26.4 ± 17.6 particles/g). The average sizes of microplastics in intervertebral discs (159.5 ± 103.8 μm) and bone (138.86 ± 105.67 μm) were larger than that in the cartilage tissue (87.5 ± 30.7 μm). The most frequently identified polymers were polypropylene (35 %), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (30 %), and polystyrene (20 %). The <em>in vivo</em> experiment suggested that microplastics invaded the bone, cartilage, and intervertebral discs through blood circulation after 4 weeks of exposure. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Type Ⅰ procollagen amino-terminal peptide (PINP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b) were elevated compared with those in the control group (<em>P <</em> 0.05). Our study suggests that microplastics invade the bone, cartilage, and intervertebral discs through the blood supply, causing distinct patterns of microplastic accumulation in these regions. Microplastic invasion can affect skeletal health by influencing the expression of inflammatory and bone morphogenetic cytokines. These findings provide insights into investigating the impact of microplastics on human skeletal health.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatial variations in food availability may influence life-history traits of wildlife species, particularly in capital-breeding species that store energy when food is widely available and catabolize it during energy-intensive reproductive periods. The reproductive success of capital breeders is thus highly dependent on the accumulation of fat reserves. Reproductive success may also improve with access to alternative food resources provided by environments with strong human footprint and anthropogenic disturbances, but these environments may also increase mortality risks of wildlife. We performed a systematic review to extract reproduction and survival traits reported in studies on the American black bear (Ursus americanus), a capital breeder. Based on 94 studies widely distributed across North America, we conducted meta-regression analyses to assess whether interpopulation variation in age at primiparity, litter size of cubs, annual cub survival, and annual survival of adult females were associated with environmental conditions, that is, habitat quality, habitat productivity, and anthropogenic disturbances. We found that mean age at primiparity decreased from around 5 to 4 years old in areas with the highest habitat quality and productivity as well as the highest human population densities compared with those with poor habitat quality and productivity and low human population densities. Mean litter size increased by approximately 13% (from 2 to 2.25 cubs per litter) in areas with the highest compared with the lowest proportion of deciduous forest, while cub survival increased by about 13% (from 60% to 73%) in areas with the highest compared with the lowest coverage of agricultural crops. Adult female survival decreased from 92% to 85% in areas where hunting was allowed. These results provide new insights into the factors associated with variations in reproductive success and survival across populations of a widely distributed species, demonstrating the impact of both natural and anthropogenic factors. Our study highlights the necessity of considering the ongoing changes in the distribution and growth of potential food resources, as well as the growing encroachment of humans into wildlife habitats, when planning management and conservation actions at the scale of a species distribution range.
{"title":"Linking spatial variations in life-history traits to environmental conditions across American black bear populations","authors":"Lisyanne Metthé, Christian Dussault, Sandra Hamel","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1650","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial variations in food availability may influence life-history traits of wildlife species, particularly in capital-breeding species that store energy when food is widely available and catabolize it during energy-intensive reproductive periods. The reproductive success of capital breeders is thus highly dependent on the accumulation of fat reserves. Reproductive success may also improve with access to alternative food resources provided by environments with strong human footprint and anthropogenic disturbances, but these environments may also increase mortality risks of wildlife. We performed a systematic review to extract reproduction and survival traits reported in studies on the American black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>), a capital breeder. Based on 94 studies widely distributed across North America, we conducted meta-regression analyses to assess whether interpopulation variation in age at primiparity, litter size of cubs, annual cub survival, and annual survival of adult females were associated with environmental conditions, that is, habitat quality, habitat productivity, and anthropogenic disturbances. We found that mean age at primiparity decreased from around 5 to 4 years old in areas with the highest habitat quality and productivity as well as the highest human population densities compared with those with poor habitat quality and productivity and low human population densities. Mean litter size increased by approximately 13% (from 2 to 2.25 cubs per litter) in areas with the highest compared with the lowest proportion of deciduous forest, while cub survival increased by about 13% (from 60% to 73%) in areas with the highest compared with the lowest coverage of agricultural crops. Adult female survival decreased from 92% to 85% in areas where hunting was allowed. These results provide new insights into the factors associated with variations in reproductive success and survival across populations of a widely distributed species, demonstrating the impact of both natural and anthropogenic factors. Our study highlights the necessity of considering the ongoing changes in the distribution and growth of potential food resources, as well as the growing encroachment of humans into wildlife habitats, when planning management and conservation actions at the scale of a species distribution range.","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In-situ stabilization technology offers a cost-effective solution for the remediation of heavy metal(loid) (HM) contaminated soils. However, the lack of a reliable method to assess the long-term effectiveness of HM stabilization significantly impedes the practical application of this technology. To address this gap, we have devised an innovative method that integrates acid rain leaching with dry-wet alternation to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of HM stabilization. We initiate the acid rain leaching process by adding 200 mL of a H2SO4 and HNO3 solution, with a pH of 3.20, to 20 g of tested soil and stirring at 30 ± 2 rpm for 2 hours. After decanting the supernatant, we dried the soil in a water bath at 60°C. Then repeat this leaching and drying cycle until HM in the leachate either exceed the preset thresholds or become stable. The time-dependent effectiveness of the stabilization is calculated based on the annual average rainfall, and the number of cycles. By using multiple types of soils contaminated with various HM, we demonstrated that this method is versatile and not limited by the types of soil or HM, and exhibits excellent multi-laboratory precision. The method exhibited excellent multi-laboratory precision, with over 82% of samples having a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 30%. This method is of significance for not only mitigating the risk of re-contamination from HM reactivation post-remediation, but also broadening the disposal options for remediated soils beyond landfill, thereby fostering environmentally sustainable practices.
{"title":"Long-term effectiveness of heavy metal(loid) stabilization: Development of an assessing method","authors":"Yanqing Liu, Zewen Wang, Xiao Tan, Deyi Hou, Liping Fang, Aijun Lin, Fangbai Li, Guilan Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125798","url":null,"abstract":"In-situ stabilization technology offers a cost-effective solution for the remediation of heavy metal(loid) (HM) contaminated soils. However, the lack of a reliable method to assess the long-term effectiveness of HM stabilization significantly impedes the practical application of this technology. To address this gap, we have devised an innovative method that integrates acid rain leaching with dry-wet alternation to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of HM stabilization. We initiate the acid rain leaching process by adding 200 mL of a H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> solution, with a pH of 3.20, to 20 g of tested soil and stirring at 30 ± 2 rpm for 2 hours. After decanting the supernatant, we dried the soil in a water bath at 60°C. Then repeat this leaching and drying cycle until HM in the leachate either exceed the preset thresholds or become stable. The time-dependent effectiveness of the stabilization is calculated based on the annual average rainfall, and the number of cycles. By using multiple types of soils contaminated with various HM, we demonstrated that this method is versatile and not limited by the types of soil or HM, and exhibits excellent multi-laboratory precision. The method exhibited excellent multi-laboratory precision, with over 82% of samples having a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 30%. This method is of significance for not only mitigating the risk of re-contamination from HM reactivation post-remediation, but also broadening the disposal options for remediated soils beyond landfill, thereby fostering environmentally sustainable practices.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microplastics (MPs), widely found in aquatic environments, pose a growing threat to environmental and biological health due to their complex interactions with pollutants and microorganisms. This study investigates the adsorption characteristics of clothianidin (CLO) on polystyrene (PS) and photoaged polystyrene (P-PS) and explores the neurotoxic effects of CLO combined with PS/P-PS in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adsorption kinetics showed that P-PS exhibited a higher adsorption capacity and faster equilibrium compared to PS, indicating the significant role of photoaging in enhancing CLO adsorption. Exposed to CLO combined with PS/P-PS resulted in reduced locomotor activity, particularly in the P-PS + CLO group, suggesting amplified neurotoxicity due to P-PS. Analysis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis revealed elevated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, along with downregulated expression of stress-related genes in co-exposed zebrafish, indicating disruption of neuroendocrine function. Neurotransmitter analysis showed significant changes in acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, further confirming the neurotoxic impact of co-exposure. The findings highlight the synergistic neurotoxicity of CLO and photoaged MPs, with potential implications for aquatic ecosystems. This study advances the field of environmental science by addressing critical knowledge gaps in pollutant-microplastic interactions, providing a foundation for developing targeted mitigation strategies and enhancing ecological risk management frameworks.
{"title":"Synergistic neurotoxicity of clothianidin and photoaged microplastics in zebrafish: implications for neuroendocrine disruption","authors":"Ping Ding, Yajing Han, Yanan Sun, XiaoXia Chen, Qing Ge, Wei Huang, Lijuan Zhang, Adela Jing Li, Guocheng Hu, Yunjiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125797","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs), widely found in aquatic environments, pose a growing threat to environmental and biological health due to their complex interactions with pollutants and microorganisms. This study investigates the adsorption characteristics of clothianidin (CLO) on polystyrene (PS) and photoaged polystyrene (P-PS) and explores the neurotoxic effects of CLO combined with PS/P-PS in larval zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>). Adsorption kinetics showed that P-PS exhibited a higher adsorption capacity and faster equilibrium compared to PS, indicating the significant role of photoaging in enhancing CLO adsorption. Exposed to CLO combined with PS/P-PS resulted in reduced locomotor activity, particularly in the P-PS + CLO group, suggesting amplified neurotoxicity due to P-PS. Analysis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis revealed elevated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, along with downregulated expression of stress-related genes in co-exposed zebrafish, indicating disruption of neuroendocrine function. Neurotransmitter analysis showed significant changes in acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, further confirming the neurotoxic impact of co-exposure. The findings highlight the synergistic neurotoxicity of CLO and photoaged MPs, with potential implications for aquatic ecosystems. This study advances the field of environmental science by addressing critical knowledge gaps in pollutant-microplastic interactions, providing a foundation for developing targeted mitigation strategies and enhancing ecological risk management frameworks.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takashi S. Kohyama, Nanako Shigesada, Kokichi Kawasaki, Matthew D. Potts, Zamah S. Nur Hajar, Tetsuo I. Kohyama, Douglas Sheil
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
{"title":"A simple competition model can predict rainforest tree diversity, species abundance and ecosystem functions","authors":"Takashi S. Kohyama, Nanako Shigesada, Kokichi Kawasaki, Matthew D. Potts, Zamah S. Nur Hajar, Tetsuo I. Kohyama, Douglas Sheil","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14485","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT</h2>\u0000<p>The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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