Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104958
Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić, Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac, Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer, Ana Pilipović, Nikolina Sabo, Nikolina Bek, Filip Stević, Ivana Maksimović, Anita Galir, Zdenko Lončarić
As algae are the main route of selenium (Se) transport from water to other consumers in food webs, the effect of selenite on the total Se content, growth, and antioxidant status of the unicellular green alga Monoraphidium cf. contortum was determined. The basal Se content (<3mg/kg DW) was lower compared to other green microalgae, but the species showed a high accumulation potential (284.1mg/kg DW). Despite early Se accumulation and growth inhibition, a significant loss of chlorophylls and carotenoids was observed only after 72hours. The response of antioxidative enzymes corresponded to a lower intensity of lipid peroxidation, despite increased ROS content at lower selenite concentrations. Primarily, selenite increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and inhibited catalase (CAT) in almost all treatments. Higher GST and GPX activities, as well as selenite-induced non-enzymatic glutathione (GSH) oxidation indicated increased GSH depletion.
{"title":"Selenium modulates the antioxidative response in green microalga Monoraphidium cf. contortum","authors":"Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić, Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac, Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer, Ana Pilipović, Nikolina Sabo, Nikolina Bek, Filip Stević, Ivana Maksimović, Anita Galir, Zdenko Lončarić","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104958","url":null,"abstract":"As algae are the main route of selenium (Se) transport from water to other consumers in food webs, the effect of selenite on the total Se content, growth, and antioxidant status of the unicellular green alga <ce:italic>Monoraphidium</ce:italic> cf. <ce:italic>contortum</ce:italic> was determined. The basal Se content (<3<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg/kg DW) was lower compared to other green microalgae, but the species showed a high accumulation potential (284.1<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg/kg DW). Despite early Se accumulation and growth inhibition, a significant loss of chlorophylls and carotenoids was observed only after 72<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>hours. The response of antioxidative enzymes corresponded to a lower intensity of lipid peroxidation, despite increased ROS content at lower selenite concentrations. Primarily, selenite increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and inhibited catalase (CAT) in almost all treatments. Higher GST and GPX activities, as well as selenite-induced non-enzymatic glutathione (GSH) oxidation indicated increased GSH depletion.","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide, is primarily applied to control unwanted weeds. While its impacts on pollinators such as honey bees have been extensively studied in agricultural settings, exposure from non-crop flora in urban environments remains largely overlooked. This gap is critical, as urban greenspaces function both as refuges for pollinators and as potential, underrecognized pathways of herbicide contamination. We investigated glyphosate residues in pollen collected by honey bee foragers from non-crop plants across an urbanization gradient in Suzhou, China, over an entire growing season. Using DNA metabarcoding and LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified pollen sources and quantified glyphosate residues in 71 composite samples from 11 sites along an urbanization gradient, with built-up coverage ranging from approximately 10% to 70%. Glyphosate was detected in 83.1% of samples, with concentrations up to 880 μg/kg. Residue levels showed a non-linear relationship with urbanization, with glyphosate concentrations decreasing initally and then increasing as the proportion of built-up areas increased. No significant correlation was detected between glyphosate occurrence (detection frequency or concentration) and pollen diversity. These results reveal that non-crop flora in urban greenspaces represent a season-long pathway of glyphosate exposure for honey bees, highlighting the need to integrate pollinator health considerations into urban vegetation and herbicide management strategies.
{"title":"Non-Crop Flora in Urban Landscapes Provide Persistent Glyphosate Exposure Pathways for Honey Bees","authors":"Changsheng Ma, Sihao Chen, Xiaoyu Shi, Jiahao Wu, Lianyang Bai, Hongmei Li-Byarlay, Zuren Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141419","url":null,"abstract":"Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide, is primarily applied to control unwanted weeds. While its impacts on pollinators such as honey bees have been extensively studied in agricultural settings, exposure from non-crop flora in urban environments remains largely overlooked. This gap is critical, as urban greenspaces function both as refuges for pollinators and as potential, underrecognized pathways of herbicide contamination. We investigated glyphosate residues in pollen collected by honey bee foragers from non-crop plants across an urbanization gradient in Suzhou, China, over an entire growing season. Using DNA metabarcoding and LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified pollen sources and quantified glyphosate residues in 71 composite samples from 11 sites along an urbanization gradient, with built-up coverage ranging from approximately 10% to 70%. Glyphosate was detected in 83.1% of samples, with concentrations up to 880<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/kg. Residue levels showed a non-linear relationship with urbanization, with glyphosate concentrations decreasing initally and then increasing as the proportion of built-up areas increased. No significant correlation was detected between glyphosate occurrence (detection frequency or concentration) and pollen diversity. These results reveal that non-crop flora in urban greenspaces represent a season-long pathway of glyphosate exposure for honey bees, highlighting the need to integrate pollinator health considerations into urban vegetation and herbicide management strategies.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127786
Michael J. Ormsby, Luke Woodford, James J. Mwesiga, Winnie Ernest, Dativa Shilla, Daniel Shilla, Richard S. Quilliam
Rapid urbanisation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) has driven the expansion of urban and peri-urban farming to enhance food security. However, these systems are highly vulnerable to contaminated irrigation waters, urban runoff, open defecation and inadequate sanitation, and anthropogenic pollution, such as plastic and microplastic waste. Here, we investigated the role of plastic debris as a reservoir and vector for multidrug-resistant (MDR) enteric bacterial pathogens in a real-world agronomic setting. Focusing on two peri-urban agricultural sites in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, we analysed 140 environmental samples (soil, water, vegetation, and surface and buried plastic debris) for the presence of four key enteric pathogens: E. coli, Salmonella spp., V. cholerae, and K. pneumoniae. The concentration of total culturable pathogens was higher on plastic debris compared to soil, water and vegetation, with presumptive E. coli loads of ∼1x103 CFU per individual piece of plastic debris. Importantly, plastic debris harboured a greater proportion of MDR strains; specifically, 69% of E. coli isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials, with plastics at one site accounting for over half of all MDR E. coli. While MDR E. coli were absent from soil, plastic debris supported strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae that were resistant to critically important antimicrobials (e.g., ciprofloxacin and cefixime)..This study provides robust evidence that in a real-world setting, plastic waste can act as an ecological reservoir which concentrates and facilitates the survival of MDR pathogens. Therefore, the widespread presence of contaminated plastic in agricultural systems could pose significant occupational health risks for farmers, in addition to a potential environment-to-food risk for consumers.
{"title":"Plastic debris facilitates the survival of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens in an urban agricultural environment.","authors":"Michael J. Ormsby, Luke Woodford, James J. Mwesiga, Winnie Ernest, Dativa Shilla, Daniel Shilla, Richard S. Quilliam","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127786","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanisation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) has driven the expansion of urban and peri-urban farming to enhance food security. However, these systems are highly vulnerable to contaminated irrigation waters, urban runoff, open defecation and inadequate sanitation, and anthropogenic pollution, such as plastic and microplastic waste. Here, we investigated the role of plastic debris as a reservoir and vector for multidrug-resistant (MDR) enteric bacterial pathogens in a real-world agronomic setting. Focusing on two peri-urban agricultural sites in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, we analysed 140 environmental samples (soil, water, vegetation, and surface and buried plastic debris) for the presence of four key enteric pathogens: <em>E. coli</em>, <em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>V. cholerae</em>, and <em>K. pneumoniae</em>. The concentration of total culturable pathogens was higher on plastic debris compared to soil, water and vegetation, with presumptive <em>E. coli</em> loads of ∼1x10<sup>3</sup> CFU per individual piece of plastic debris. Importantly, plastic debris harboured a greater proportion of MDR strains; specifically, 69% of <em>E. coli</em> isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials, with plastics at one site accounting for over half of all MDR <em>E. coli</em>. While MDR <em>E. coli</em> were absent from soil, plastic debris supported strains of <em>E. coli</em> and <em>K. pneumoniae</em> that were resistant to critically important antimicrobials (e.g., ciprofloxacin and cefixime)..This study provides robust evidence that in a real-world setting, plastic waste can act as an ecological reservoir which concentrates and facilitates the survival of MDR pathogens. Therefore, the widespread presence of contaminated plastic in agricultural systems could pose significant occupational health risks for farmers, in addition to a potential environment-to-food risk for consumers.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1007/s10311-026-01898-z
Jake E. Barker, Stephen D. P. Fielden, Richard H. Kempton, Calum T. J. Ferguson, Rachel K. O’Reilly, Grant B. Douglas
The persistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment is becoming a major health concern, yet studying their fate and behaviour in complex media is limited due to the lack of suitable analytical methods. Here we proposed that a fluorescent polyfluoroalkyl probe could enable rapid tracing and negate drawbacks associated with current techniques. We synthesised a fluorescent probe containing a maleimide motif grafted to perfluorooctanoic acid. Using a conductivity assay, the critical micelle concentration was determined, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy was further utilised to verify the presence of multilamellar vesicles. Titration of the fluorescent probe with a base enabled the determination of the acid dissociation constant, an important property of perfluorooctanoic acid. Results show that this fluorescent probe exhibits similar properties to perfluorooctanoic acid, and thus could reasonably act as an environmental proxy, with the benefit of strong, concentration-dependent and environmentally responsive fluorescence. This fluorescence offers a facile entry point for real-time tracing in various media. Further exploration of this tracer through plant, concrete, or soil studies could enable a better understanding of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance behaviour in range of natural and artificial media.
{"title":"A perfluoro-functionalised fluorescent maleimide probe for imaging of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances","authors":"Jake E. Barker, Stephen D. P. Fielden, Richard H. Kempton, Calum T. J. Ferguson, Rachel K. O’Reilly, Grant B. Douglas","doi":"10.1007/s10311-026-01898-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-026-01898-z","url":null,"abstract":"The persistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment is becoming a major health concern, yet studying their fate and behaviour in complex media is limited due to the lack of suitable analytical methods. Here we proposed that a fluorescent polyfluoroalkyl probe could enable rapid tracing and negate drawbacks associated with current techniques. We synthesised a fluorescent probe containing a maleimide motif grafted to perfluorooctanoic acid. Using a conductivity assay, the critical micelle concentration was determined, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy was further utilised to verify the presence of multilamellar vesicles. Titration of the fluorescent probe with a base enabled the determination of the acid dissociation constant, an important property of perfluorooctanoic acid. Results show that this fluorescent probe exhibits similar properties to perfluorooctanoic acid, and thus could reasonably act as an environmental proxy, with the benefit of strong, concentration-dependent and environmentally responsive fluorescence. This fluorescence offers a facile entry point for real-time tracing in various media. Further exploration of this tracer through plant, concrete, or soil studies could enable a better understanding of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance behaviour in range of natural and artificial media.","PeriodicalId":541,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry Letters","volume":"314 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147699
Zixuan Yan, Xushen Han, Haiyang He, Yuqing Lin, Yan Jin, Wei Jiang, Han Zhang, Xingfu Song
Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) is an efficient nitrogen-removal process, yet its application in low COD/N wastewater is limited in conventional co-diffusion biofilms due to carbon source waste and microbial competition. Membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABR) could theoretically realize more efficient SND by employing counter-diffusion biofilms to separate oxygen and carbon sources. However, the SND efficiencies were not satisfactory in previous publications, possibly because excessive aeration and uncontrolled nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) growth increased the demand for carbon sources. Herein, three MABRs using oxygen-affinity PP-PDMS membranes were operated with an extremely low aeration pressure (0.6 kPa) to initiate SND in high-strength nitrogen wastewater (200 mg/L NH4+-N) with low COD/N (R1: 2; R2: 3; R3: 4). A stable simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) was established in R2 and R3 (TN removal of 73.8% and 79.8%, respectively), which was higher than the reported co-diffusion biofilms. Increased COD/N did not significantly enhance nitrogen removal once SPND was established. Microbiological analysis indicated that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) both contributed to nitrification, and NOB were incompletely suppressed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and mass transfer calculation revealed that carbon sources inhibited NOB and enhanced oxygen transfer by increasing the oxygen concentration gradient. However, nitrate accumulation and COD waste still occurred and led to a gap between MABR and single denitrification because of the unavoidably high oxygen at the membrane-biofilm interface. Overall, counter-diffusion biofilms outperformed co-diffusion biofilms in TN removal, but entire SPND was still hard to be attained.
{"title":"Can membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) realize more efficient simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification than conventional biofilm under low COD/N?","authors":"Zixuan Yan, Xushen Han, Haiyang He, Yuqing Lin, Yan Jin, Wei Jiang, Han Zhang, Xingfu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147699","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) is an efficient nitrogen-removal process, yet its application in low COD/N wastewater is limited in conventional co-diffusion biofilms due to carbon source waste and microbial competition. Membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABR) could theoretically realize more efficient SND by employing counter-diffusion biofilms to separate oxygen and carbon sources. However, the SND efficiencies were not satisfactory in previous publications, possibly because excessive aeration and uncontrolled nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) growth increased the demand for carbon sources. Herein, three MABRs using oxygen-affinity PP-PDMS membranes were operated with an extremely low aeration pressure (0.6 kPa) to initiate SND in high-strength nitrogen wastewater (200 mg/L NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>-N) with low COD/N (R1: 2; R2: 3; R3: 4). A stable simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) was established in R2 and R3 (TN removal of 73.8% and 79.8%, respectively), which was higher than the reported co-diffusion biofilms. Increased COD/N did not significantly enhance nitrogen removal once SPND was established. Microbiological analysis indicated that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) both contributed to nitrification, and NOB were incompletely suppressed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and mass transfer calculation revealed that carbon sources inhibited NOB and enhanced oxygen transfer by increasing the oxygen concentration gradient. However, nitrate accumulation and COD waste still occurred and led to a gap between MABR and single denitrification because of the unavoidably high oxygen at the membrane-biofilm interface. Overall, counter-diffusion biofilms outperformed co-diffusion biofilms in TN removal, but entire SPND was still hard to be attained.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108577
D Premkumar, Ravikumar Jayabal, K R Padmavathi, Prajith Prabakar
This study aims to develop a sustainable multi-fuel strategy for diesel engines by examining the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of industrial chicken-fat biodiesel (B100) enriched with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EH) and supplemented with ammonia (NH3) fumigation. The objective is to overcome limitations of neat biodiesel, such as high viscosity, low volatility, and incomplete combustion, while enhancing overall engine efficiency. Five test fuels (D100, B100, 2-EH5%B100+NH3 5lpm, 2-EH10%B100+NH3 5lpm, 2-EH15%B100+NH3 5lpm) were evaluated in a single-cylinder diesel engine operating at 1500rpm under five brake-load conditions (0-100%). Combustion parameters, performance metrics and emissions were measured. NH3 fumigation was supplied at 5 lpm using a controlled intake-manifold system. Combustion analysis demonstrated that B100 exhibited weaker premixed combustion than D100, as evidenced by lower in-cylinder pressure and heat-release rate (HRR) peaks. Under full load conditions, the blend 2-EH15%B100+NH3 5lpm achieved the greatest combustion, with in-cylinder pressure around 48.05% higher than B100 and 3.22% higher than D100. The maximum HRR was nearly 70% greater than B100 and about 6.7% higher than D100, indicating intensified premixed heat release near top dead centre. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 14.8% compared with B100 and 3.7% over diesel, while brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) decreased by 28.7% relative to B100. Significant emissions reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) by 37.5%, hydrocarbon (HC) by 11.1%, and smoke opacity by 35.3% were observed compared with B100. However, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions increased by 33.1%, attributed to enhanced premixed combustion and higher in-cylinder temperatures. The synergistic combination of waste-derived biodiesel, higher alcohol, and NH3 fumigation enhances combustion phasing, improves thermal efficiency, and substantially lowers major pollutants except NOx. Although the strategy introduces a NOx penalty, it demonstrates strong potential for cleaner, more efficient diesel-engine operation and may be further optimized through future NOx mitigation technologies.
{"title":"Ammonia-Assisted Combustion of Alcohol-Enriched Chicken Fat Biodiesel: Experimental Investigation of a Multi-Fuel Strategy in Diesel Engines","authors":"D Premkumar, Ravikumar Jayabal, K R Padmavathi, Prajith Prabakar","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108577","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop a sustainable multi-fuel strategy for diesel engines by examining the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of industrial chicken-fat biodiesel (B100) enriched with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EH) and supplemented with ammonia (NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) fumigation. The objective is to overcome limitations of neat biodiesel, such as high viscosity, low volatility, and incomplete combustion, while enhancing overall engine efficiency. Five test fuels (D100, B100, 2-EH5%B100+NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> 5lpm, 2-EH10%B100+NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> 5lpm, 2-EH15%B100+NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> 5lpm) were evaluated in a single-cylinder diesel engine operating at 1500<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>rpm under five brake-load conditions (0-100%). Combustion parameters, performance metrics and emissions were measured. NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> fumigation was supplied at 5 lpm using a controlled intake-manifold system. Combustion analysis demonstrated that B100 exhibited weaker premixed combustion than D100, as evidenced by lower in-cylinder pressure and heat-release rate (HRR) peaks. Under full load conditions, the blend 2-EH15%B100+NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> 5lpm achieved the greatest combustion, with in-cylinder pressure around 48.05% higher than B100 and 3.22% higher than D100. The maximum HRR was nearly 70% greater than B100 and about 6.7% higher than D100, indicating intensified premixed heat release near top dead centre. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 14.8% compared with B100 and 3.7% over diesel, while brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) decreased by 28.7% relative to B100. Significant emissions reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) by 37.5%, hydrocarbon (HC) by 11.1%, and smoke opacity by 35.3% were observed compared with B100. However, oxides of nitrogen (NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>) emissions increased by 33.1%, attributed to enhanced premixed combustion and higher in-cylinder temperatures. The synergistic combination of waste-derived biodiesel, higher alcohol, and NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> fumigation enhances combustion phasing, improves thermal efficiency, and substantially lowers major pollutants except NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf>. Although the strategy introduces a NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> penalty, it demonstrates strong potential for cleaner, more efficient diesel-engine operation and may be further optimized through future NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> mitigation technologies.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107752
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan, Tiyyabah Khan
The use of fungicides is an integral part of field crops cultivation for the management of several diseases; however, the potential for fungicides to exert sublethal impacts on the biology of non-target insect pests is an understudied area with serious management consequences. Aedes albopictus is one of the most common human disease vectors and non-target aquatic insect species inhabited in and/or around several field crops. Here, we studied the effects of tebuconazole on several biological traits of Ae. albopictus. Biological traits and population parameters of a strain of Ae. albopictus were studied after exposing it to the LC5 (62.09 mg L-1), LC10 (86.31 mg L-1), or LC20 (128.62 mg L-1) level of tebuconazole for five consecutive generations and were compared with an unexposed control group. The results revealed that LC5 and LC10 levels had hormetic (stimulatory) effects, while the LC20 level posed non-hormetic (inhibitory) effects on the performance of most of the life history parameters. The developmental period of egg, larval, and pupal stages of the LC5 and LC10 groups were faster than in the LC20 and control groups. The performance of biological parameters of the LC5 and LC10 groups such as preadult and adult survival rates, preoviposition period, oviposition days, and fecundity was better than that of the LC20 and control groups. The mean generation time was significantly shortened in the LC5 and LC10 groups. Moreover, higher values of the net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) were recorded in the LC5 and LC10 groups than in the LC20 and control groups. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that exposure of Ae. albopictus to sublethal levels of tebuconazole may favor its rapid development, enhanced fecundity, survival and population expansion under field conditions, thereby increasing the probability of Ae. albopictus-borne infections.
{"title":"Multigenerational exposure to the fungicide tebuconazole reveals hormetic effects on the demography and biology of a non-target vector mosquito Aedes albopictus","authors":"Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan, Tiyyabah Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107752","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fungicides is an integral part of field crops cultivation for the management of several diseases; however, the potential for fungicides to exert sublethal impacts on the biology of non-target insect pests is an understudied area with serious management consequences. <ce:italic>Aedes albopictus</ce:italic> is one of the most common human disease vectors and non-target aquatic insect species inhabited in and/or around several field crops. Here, we studied the effects of tebuconazole on several biological traits of <ce:italic>Ae. albopictus</ce:italic>. Biological traits and population parameters of a strain of <ce:italic>Ae. albopictus</ce:italic> were studied after exposing it to the LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf> (62.09 mg L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>), LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">10</ce:inf> (86.31 mg L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>), or LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">20</ce:inf> (128.62 mg L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>) level of tebuconazole for five consecutive generations and were compared with an unexposed control group. The results revealed that LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf> and LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">10</ce:inf> levels had hormetic (stimulatory) effects, while the LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">20</ce:inf> level posed non-hormetic (inhibitory) effects on the performance of most of the life history parameters. The developmental period of egg, larval, and pupal stages of the LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf> and LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">10</ce:inf> groups were faster than in the LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">20</ce:inf> and control groups. The performance of biological parameters of the LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf> and LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">10</ce:inf> groups such as preadult and adult survival rates, preoviposition period, oviposition days, and fecundity was better than that of the LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">20</ce:inf> and control groups. The mean generation time was significantly shortened in the LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf> and LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">10</ce:inf> groups. Moreover, higher values of the net reproductive rate (<ce:italic>R<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf></ce:italic>) and finite rate of increase (<ce:italic>λ</ce:italic>) were recorded in the LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf> and LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">10</ce:inf> groups than in the LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">20</ce:inf> and control groups. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that exposure of <ce:italic>Ae. albopictus</ce:italic> to sublethal levels of tebuconazole may favor its rapid development, enhanced fecundity, survival and population expansion under field conditions, thereby increasing the probability of <ce:italic>Ae. albopictus</ce:italic>-borne infections.","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green manure (GM) has strategic value in the context of sustainable agriculture and climate change. However, few studies have analyzed the effects of GM on regulating the carbon footprint (CF) through the dynamic coupling of soil organic carbon (SOC) and greenhouse gases (GHG) using the meta-analysis method, and there have also been insufficient assessments of the potential reductions of global emissions based on changes in CF. Thus, by combining global meta-analysis and machine learning predictions, we demonstrated that while GM increases CH4 and N2O emissions by 22.05% and 2.94% respectively, it significantly enhances SOC stocks by 9.59%. This increase in SOC effectively offsets the carbon cost of GHG emissions, reducing the total carbon emissions by 33.37% and CF by 36.23%. Machine learning predictions indicate that GM can reduce the global CF by 42.18%, with notable crop-specific and spatial heterogeneity, where the response is most pronounced in wheat systems (63.30%), weaker in rice systems (19.94%), and negative feedback may occur in regions with high soil fertility. These findings provide a theoretical basis for developing precise carbon management strategies using GM as a global paradigm.
{"title":"Green manure reduces global agricultural carbon footprint by enhancing soil organic carbon stocks: Evidence from global meta-analysis and machine learning assessment","authors":"Zeyu Liu, Hua Huang, Jinghui Feng, Qi Wu, Qinhe Wang, Yuanzhi Zhang, Tie Cai, Peng Zhang, Zhiqiang Gao, Yueyue Xu, Peng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147749","url":null,"abstract":"Green manure (GM) has strategic value in the context of sustainable agriculture and climate change. However, few studies have analyzed the effects of GM on regulating the carbon footprint (CF) through the dynamic coupling of soil organic carbon (SOC) and greenhouse gases (GHG) using the meta-analysis method, and there have also been insufficient assessments of the potential reductions of global emissions based on changes in CF. Thus, by combining global meta-analysis and machine learning predictions, we demonstrated that while GM increases CH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> and N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O emissions by 22.05% and 2.94% respectively, it significantly enhances SOC stocks by 9.59%. This increase in SOC effectively offsets the carbon cost of GHG emissions, reducing the total carbon emissions by 33.37% and CF by 36.23%. Machine learning predictions indicate that GM can reduce the global CF by 42.18%, with notable crop-specific and spatial heterogeneity, where the response is most pronounced in wheat systems (63.30%), weaker in rice systems (19.94%), and negative feedback may occur in regions with high soil fertility. These findings provide a theoretical basis for developing precise carbon management strategies using GM as a global paradigm.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1007/s00411-026-01202-1
A Ulanowski, D Laurier, O German
{"title":"Southern ural studies and their input to the work of ICRP.","authors":"A Ulanowski, D Laurier, O German","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01202-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01202-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1007/s00267-026-02402-7
Syed Masiur Rahman, Asif Raihan, Shadi Abudalfa
This study presents a comprehensive review of the emerging role of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in environmental assessment and sustainability analysis. Positioned within a new paradigm of environmental management, GenAI redefines traditional static models through dynamic, generative, and participatory approaches that integrate data synthesis, scenario modeling, and governance insight. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the CIMO (Context-Intervention-Mechanism-Outcome) framework, this paper identifies and analyzes 182 scholarly and technical publications published between 2015 and 2025. The review synthesizes developments across key GenAI architectures-Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs), and Diffusion Models-and evaluates their applications in synthetic data generation, scenario simulation, remote sensing, predictive analytics, and public engagement. The findings reveal that GenAI holds significant potential to address data scarcity, enhance model scalability, and promote participatory and interdisciplinary decision-making, while also presenting challenges related to interpretability, data bias, validation, environmental footprint, and ethical governance. To guide responsible implementation, the study proposes a three-tier framework emphasizing technical fidelity, transparency, and governance alignment. The implications underscore that effective integration of GenAI into environmental management requires hybrid modeling, participatory data governance, and sustainable AI infrastructures to ensure transparency, accountability, and equity. Collectively, this work advances an evidence-based understanding of how GenAI can underpin a data-driven, inclusive, and ethically responsible paradigm in environmental assessment.
{"title":"Generative Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Assessment: A New Paradigm for Sustainability Analysis.","authors":"Syed Masiur Rahman, Asif Raihan, Shadi Abudalfa","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02402-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-026-02402-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a comprehensive review of the emerging role of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in environmental assessment and sustainability analysis. Positioned within a new paradigm of environmental management, GenAI redefines traditional static models through dynamic, generative, and participatory approaches that integrate data synthesis, scenario modeling, and governance insight. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the CIMO (Context-Intervention-Mechanism-Outcome) framework, this paper identifies and analyzes 182 scholarly and technical publications published between 2015 and 2025. The review synthesizes developments across key GenAI architectures-Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs), and Diffusion Models-and evaluates their applications in synthetic data generation, scenario simulation, remote sensing, predictive analytics, and public engagement. The findings reveal that GenAI holds significant potential to address data scarcity, enhance model scalability, and promote participatory and interdisciplinary decision-making, while also presenting challenges related to interpretability, data bias, validation, environmental footprint, and ethical governance. To guide responsible implementation, the study proposes a three-tier framework emphasizing technical fidelity, transparency, and governance alignment. The implications underscore that effective integration of GenAI into environmental management requires hybrid modeling, participatory data governance, and sustainable AI infrastructures to ensure transparency, accountability, and equity. Collectively, this work advances an evidence-based understanding of how GenAI can underpin a data-driven, inclusive, and ethically responsible paradigm in environmental assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 3","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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