Indoor particulate matter (PM) threatens human health, compromises product quality and yield, and poses safety risks. Dynamic indoor environments introduce unpredictable airflow changes and complex PM behavior, posing significant challenges for accurate PM source localization by mobile robots. This study introduces our self-developed multi-robot system for three-dimensional (3D) concentration detection, bridging the gap between simulation and real-world applications. A total of 225 experiments across 15 cases were conducted in a dynamic ventilation environment, enabling a comprehensive analysis of airflow dynamics and PM behavior. The improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) was compared in 3D and 2D scenarios and further evaluated against the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) method under 3D conditions. The adaptability of IWOA_3D to variations in PM size, release rate, source location, and accuracy standard was also investigated. Using the success rate as a key evaluation criterion, IWOA_3D demonstrated strong adaptability to variations in source height, localizing PM2.5 at 1.05 m with a 73.3% success rate, despite limitations related to PM size and source location. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate PM sensor readings and optimizing localization strategies in dynamic indoor environments, while demonstrating the practical effectiveness of the IWOA_3D method.
{"title":"Particulate matter source localization in dynamic indoor environments: Bridging simulation-experimentation gaps with a 3D multi-robot system","authors":"Hongyi Mao, Xun Guo, Jiamin Qiu, Lingjie Zeng, Fei Li, Hao Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137474","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor particulate matter (PM) threatens human health, compromises product quality and yield, and poses safety risks. Dynamic indoor environments introduce unpredictable airflow changes and complex PM behavior, posing significant challenges for accurate PM source localization by mobile robots. This study introduces our self-developed multi-robot system for three-dimensional (3D) concentration detection, bridging the gap between simulation and real-world applications. A total of 225 experiments across 15 cases were conducted in a dynamic ventilation environment, enabling a comprehensive analysis of airflow dynamics and PM behavior. The improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) was compared in 3D and 2D scenarios and further evaluated against the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) method under 3D conditions. The adaptability of IWOA_3D to variations in PM size, release rate, source location, and accuracy standard was also investigated. Using the success rate as a key evaluation criterion, IWOA_3D demonstrated strong adaptability to variations in source height, localizing PM2.5 at 1.05<!-- --> <!-- -->m with a 73.3% success rate, despite limitations related to PM size and source location. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate PM sensor readings and optimizing localization strategies in dynamic indoor environments, while demonstrating the practical effectiveness of the IWOA_3D method.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144954
Vivek Arulnathan, Ian Turner, Maurice Doyon, Eric Li, Nathan Pelletier
The National Environmental Sustainability and Technology Tool (NESTT) is an online, farm-level, sustainability decision support tool developed for Canadian egg farmers. Its primary objectives include estimating the environmental impacts of egg production, aiding farmers in analyzing promising green technologies, and offering decision support features such as benchmarking. The tool was developed using an ISO 14044-compliant Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework, incorporating findings from previous LCA studies within the Canadian egg industry. NESTT employs one tonne of eggs as the functional unit, defines system boundaries from cradle-to-farm gate, and bases co-product allocation on feed energy utilization. The primary inventory data collected in NESTT focuses exclusively on layer facilities, while inventory data for other foreground processes, feed inputs, and background processes is sourced from either previous Canadian LCA studies or third-party inventory databases. Overall impacts are determined by aggregating the impact assessment results of six modules: pullets, feed, energy inputs, water, manure management, and transportation. After assessing their farm’s environmental performance, farmers can explore the potential for mitigating impacts by adopting green technologies such as solar/wind energy generation. As the first LCA-based, multi criteria, environmental assessment tool developed in the Canadian agri-food industry and the first decision support tool of its kind developed for the egg industry, NESTT can readily be adapted for use in egg industries worldwide and even across other livestock sectors.
{"title":"NESTT – development of an online, life cycle-based sustainability assessment and management platform for Canadian egg farmers","authors":"Vivek Arulnathan, Ian Turner, Maurice Doyon, Eric Li, Nathan Pelletier","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144954","url":null,"abstract":"The National Environmental Sustainability and Technology Tool (NESTT) is an online, farm-level, sustainability decision support tool developed for Canadian egg farmers. Its primary objectives include estimating the environmental impacts of egg production, aiding farmers in analyzing promising green technologies, and offering decision support features such as benchmarking. The tool was developed using an ISO 14044-compliant Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework, incorporating findings from previous LCA studies within the Canadian egg industry. NESTT employs one tonne of eggs as the functional unit, defines system boundaries from cradle-to-farm gate, and bases co-product allocation on feed energy utilization. The primary inventory data collected in NESTT focuses exclusively on layer facilities, while inventory data for other foreground processes, feed inputs, and background processes is sourced from either previous Canadian LCA studies or third-party inventory databases. Overall impacts are determined by aggregating the impact assessment results of six modules: pullets, feed, energy inputs, water, manure management, and transportation. After assessing their farm’s environmental performance, farmers can explore the potential for mitigating impacts by adopting green technologies such as solar/wind energy generation. As the first LCA-based, multi criteria, environmental assessment tool developed in the Canadian agri-food industry and the first decision support tool of its kind developed for the egg industry, NESTT can readily be adapted for use in egg industries worldwide and even across other livestock sectors.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137508
Geon-Soo Ha, Min-Gu Sim, Byong-Hun Jeon, Gahyun Baek
Microalgal-mediated bioremediation technologies offer sustainable strategies for removal of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments. However, the molecular mechanisms and bioremediation pathways in microalgal species involved in the degradation of persistent organic pollutant perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) remain largely unexplored and poorly characterized. This study explored the potential of four microalgal strains for PFOA treatment and examined the expression of key functional genes through transcriptomic analysis. Scenedesmus quadricauda emerged as the most promising candidate for PFOA removal, exhibiting a high removal efficiency of 58.2% (1.22 mg-PFOA/g-microalgae) at an initial PFOA concentration of 5 ppm. The mass balance analysis of PFOA removal by S. quadricauda revealed that 44.8% of the PFOA was removed through bioaccumulation, and 12.8% through biosorption. The chromatographic analysis confirmed that a portion of the bioaccumulated PFOA (0.58%, 22.7 μg/L) was biodegraded by the biological removal mechanism in microalgae and identified by-products of PFOA. When S. quadricauda was exposed to PFOA, the fatty acid methyl ester yield increased by 178% through transesterification. The transcriptome analysis revealed key functional genes involved in defense, energy production, and degradation in response to PFOA exposure. These results underscore the need to develop microalgae-mediated bioremediation technology for effectively removing PFOA from polluted aquatic environments.
{"title":"Bioremediation of perfluorooctanoic acid using microalgae with a transcriptomic approach","authors":"Geon-Soo Ha, Min-Gu Sim, Byong-Hun Jeon, Gahyun Baek","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137508","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgal-mediated bioremediation technologies offer sustainable strategies for removal of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments. However, the molecular mechanisms and bioremediation pathways in microalgal species involved in the degradation of persistent organic pollutant perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) remain largely unexplored and poorly characterized. This study explored the potential of four microalgal strains for PFOA treatment and examined the expression of key functional genes through transcriptomic analysis. <em>Scenedesmus quadricauda</em> emerged as the most promising candidate for PFOA removal, exhibiting a high removal efficiency of 58.2% (1.22 mg-PFOA/g-microalgae) at an initial PFOA concentration of 5 ppm. The mass balance analysis of PFOA removal by <em>S. quadricauda</em> revealed that 44.8% of the PFOA was removed through bioaccumulation, and 12.8% through biosorption. The chromatographic analysis confirmed that a portion of the bioaccumulated PFOA (0.58%, 22.7<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/L) was biodegraded by the biological removal mechanism in microalgae and identified by-products of PFOA. When <em>S. quadricauda</em> was exposed to PFOA, the fatty acid methyl ester yield increased by 178% through transesterification. The transcriptome analysis revealed key functional genes involved in defense, energy production, and degradation in response to PFOA exposure. These results underscore the need to develop microalgae-mediated bioremediation technology for effectively removing PFOA from polluted aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144949
K.L. van den Broek, L. de Jager, R. Doran, G. Böhm
How actors perceive the transition pathways towards sustainable energy production and use will likely influence their support in their everyday behaviour and political engagement towards the energy transition. Mapping actors’ mental models of the drivers of the energy transition can provide key insights into such perceptions. The present study is the first to systematically map mental models of the drivers of the energy transition, compare mental models between actor groups, and explain differences in mental models with political orientation and worry about climate change. We mapped mental models about the energy transition among a sample of experts (N=25), and representative samples of Dutch (N=299) and Norwegian (N=313) citizens. Participants visualised their perceptions of the causal relations of different energy transition pathways by drawing a diagram using a standardised tool to map mental models (M-Tool). The results demonstrate (1) a key focus in the mental models on renewable energy generation such as solar panels, wind farms, and hydropower, (2) that expert mental models are more focused on policy pathways compared to citizen mental models, (3) that mental models of actors leaning towards the political right focus less on individual behaviour than left-leaning actors, and (4) that climate change worry results in more focus on individual behaviour and policy pathways in the mental models. Policymakers could use these insights to engage citizens with the energy transition, for example, by tailoring their messages to the mental models of the target group.
{"title":"Expert and citizen perceptions of the drivers of the energy transition: A mental model approach","authors":"K.L. van den Broek, L. de Jager, R. Doran, G. Böhm","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144949","url":null,"abstract":"How actors perceive the transition pathways towards sustainable energy production and use will likely influence their support in their everyday behaviour and political engagement towards the energy transition. Mapping actors’ mental models of the drivers of the energy transition can provide key insights into such perceptions. The present study is the first to systematically map mental models of the drivers of the energy transition, compare mental models between actor groups, and explain differences in mental models with political orientation and worry about climate change. We mapped mental models about the energy transition among a sample of experts (<em>N</em>=25), and representative samples of Dutch (<em>N</em>=299) and Norwegian (<em>N</em>=313) citizens. Participants visualised their perceptions of the causal relations of different energy transition pathways by drawing a diagram using a standardised tool to map mental models (M-Tool). The results demonstrate (1) a key focus in the mental models on renewable energy generation such as solar panels, wind farms, and hydropower, (2) that expert mental models are more focused on policy pathways compared to citizen mental models, (3) that mental models of actors leaning towards the political right focus less on individual behaviour than left-leaning actors, and (4) that climate change worry results in more focus on individual behaviour and policy pathways in the mental models. Policymakers could use these insights to engage citizens with the energy transition, for example, by tailoring their messages to the mental models of the target group.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144934
Yanchun Huang, Weifang Huang, Luming Dou, Longguo Li, Chao Liu, Bo Lai, Naiwen Li
Efficient and sustainable water purification is the key to safe drinking water. Single-atom Fenton-like processes have attracted widespread attention because of high catalytic efficiency and environmental friendliness. Herein, Ag single-atom catalyst (SACs) in porous tubular carbon nitride (SAAg@PTCN) was successfully synthesized by one-step thermal polymerization method using silver tricyanomethanide (AgTCM), urea and melamine, which was based on the molecular structural similarity between AgTCM and g-C3N4. The addition of single-atom Ag promoted photocarrier separation, inhibited recombination, expanded light absorption range, reduced potential barrier and improved electron transfer ability in visible light and peroxymonosulfate (Vis-PMS) system, which was beneficial to improve the degradation efficiency of carbamazepine (CBZ). The CBZ could be degraded 98.2% in 45 min and degradation rate constant in SAAg@PTCN/Vis-PMS system (0.066 min−1) was notably higher compared to PTCN/Vis-PMS (0.0219 min−1). Significantly, Ag+ concentration after photocatalytic degradation remained at 0.07 mg/L and the degradation efficiency could still reach 100% after five reactions, which indicated that SAAg@PTCN/Vis-PMS system had strong stability and recyclability. Furthermore, non-free radicals (1O2 and h+) and free radicals (O2•−, HO• and SO4•−) were the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was beneficial to adapt to a wide range of pH and degrade a variety of pollutants in actual water bodies. The solar powered Fenton-like water purification device had achieved efficient co-degradation performance for EPs and microcystis aeruginosa, which verified the practical application potential of SAAg@PTCN. SAAg@PTCN held significant promise as a sustainable and viable solution for efficient water purification.
{"title":"Single-atom Ag confined with nitrogen coordination in porous tubular g-C3N4 as Fenton-like photocatalyst for solar-powered water purification","authors":"Yanchun Huang, Weifang Huang, Luming Dou, Longguo Li, Chao Liu, Bo Lai, Naiwen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144934","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and sustainable water purification is the key to safe drinking water. Single-atom Fenton-like processes have attracted widespread attention because of high catalytic efficiency and environmental friendliness. Herein, Ag single-atom catalyst (SACs) in porous tubular carbon nitride (SAAg@PTCN) was successfully synthesized by one-step thermal polymerization method using silver tricyanomethanide (AgTCM), urea and melamine, which was based on the molecular structural similarity between AgTCM and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The addition of single-atom Ag promoted photocarrier separation, inhibited recombination, expanded light absorption range, reduced potential barrier and improved electron transfer ability in visible light and peroxymonosulfate (Vis-PMS) system, which was beneficial to improve the degradation efficiency of carbamazepine (CBZ). The CBZ could be degraded 98.2% in 45 min and degradation rate constant in SAAg@PTCN/Vis-PMS system (0.066 min<sup>−1</sup>) was notably higher compared to PTCN/Vis-PMS (0.0219 min<sup>−1</sup>). Significantly, Ag<sup>+</sup> concentration after photocatalytic degradation remained at 0.07 mg/L and the degradation efficiency could still reach 100% after five reactions, which indicated that SAAg@PTCN/Vis-PMS system had strong stability and recyclability. Furthermore, non-free radicals (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and h<sup>+</sup>) and free radicals (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>, HO<sup>•</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•−</sup>) were the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was beneficial to adapt to a wide range of pH and degrade a variety of pollutants in actual water bodies. The solar powered Fenton-like water purification device had achieved efficient co-degradation performance for EPs and microcystis aeruginosa, which verified the practical application potential of SAAg@PTCN. SAAg@PTCN held significant promise as a sustainable and viable solution for efficient water purification.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Damián Gorné, Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Fernanda C. Souza, Nathan G. Swenson, Nathan Jared Boardman Kraft, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Timothy R. Baker, Renato A. Ferreira de Lima, Emilio Vilanova, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Gerardo Rafael Flores Llampazo, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Gerhard Boenisch, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Paulo S. Morandi, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Wesley Jonatar A. da Cruz, Mathias Disney, Anthony Di Fiore, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Ted R. Feldpausch, Yadvinder Malhi, Oliver L. Phillips, David Galbraith, Sandra Díaz
Despite the progress in the measurement and accessibility of plant trait information, acquiring sufficiently complete data from enough species to answer broad‐scale questions in plant functional ecology and biogeography remains challenging. A common way to overcome this challenge is by imputation, or ‘gap‐filling' of trait values. This has proven appropriate when focusing on the overall patterns emerging from the database being imputed. However, some applications force the imputation procedure out of its original scope, using imputed values independently from the imputation context, and specific trait values for a given species are used as input for computing new variables. We tested the performance of three widely used imputation methods (Bayesian hierarchical probabilistic matrix factorization, multiple imputation by chained equations with predictive mean matching, and Rphylopars) on a database of tropical tree and shrub traits. By applying a leave‐one‐out procedure, we assessed the accuracy and precision of the imputed values and found that out‐of‐context use of imputed values may bias the estimation of different variables. We also found that low redundancy (i.e. low predictability of a new value on the basis of existing values) in the dataset, not uncommon for empirical datasets, is likely the main cause of low accuracy and precision in the imputed values. We therefore suggest the use of a leave‐one‐out procedure to test the quality of the imputed values before any out‐of‐context application of the imputed values, and make practical recommendations to avoid the misuse of imputation procedures. Furthermore, we recommend not publishing gap‐filled datasets, publishing instead only the empirical data, together with the imputation method applied and the corresponding script to reproduce the imputation. This will help avoid the spread of imputed data, whose accuracy, precision, and source are difficult to assess and track, into the public domain.
{"title":"Use and misuse of trait imputation in ecology: the problem of using out‐of‐context imputed values","authors":"Lucas Damián Gorné, Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Fernanda C. Souza, Nathan G. Swenson, Nathan Jared Boardman Kraft, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Timothy R. Baker, Renato A. Ferreira de Lima, Emilio Vilanova, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Gerardo Rafael Flores Llampazo, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Gerhard Boenisch, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Paulo S. Morandi, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Wesley Jonatar A. da Cruz, Mathias Disney, Anthony Di Fiore, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Ted R. Feldpausch, Yadvinder Malhi, Oliver L. Phillips, David Galbraith, Sandra Díaz","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07520","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the progress in the measurement and accessibility of plant trait information, acquiring sufficiently complete data from enough species to answer broad‐scale questions in plant functional ecology and biogeography remains challenging. A common way to overcome this challenge is by imputation, or ‘gap‐filling' of trait values. This has proven appropriate when focusing on the overall patterns emerging from the database being imputed. However, some applications force the imputation procedure out of its original scope, using imputed values independently from the imputation context, and specific trait values for a given species are used as input for computing new variables. We tested the performance of three widely used imputation methods (Bayesian hierarchical probabilistic matrix factorization, multiple imputation by chained equations with predictive mean matching, and Rphylopars) on a database of tropical tree and shrub traits. By applying a leave‐one‐out procedure, we assessed the accuracy and precision of the imputed values and found that out‐of‐context use of imputed values may bias the estimation of different variables. We also found that low redundancy (i.e. low predictability of a new value on the basis of existing values) in the dataset, not uncommon for empirical datasets, is likely the main cause of low accuracy and precision in the imputed values. We therefore suggest the use of a leave‐one‐out procedure to test the quality of the imputed values before any out‐of‐context application of the imputed values, and make practical recommendations to avoid the misuse of imputation procedures. Furthermore, we recommend not publishing gap‐filled datasets, publishing instead only the empirical data, together with the imputation method applied and the corresponding script to reproduce the imputation. This will help avoid the spread of imputed data, whose accuracy, precision, and source are difficult to assess and track, into the public domain.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Longlong Ma, Jun Ma, Pu Yan, Feng Tian, Josep Peñuelas, Mukund Palat Rao, Yongshuo Fu, Zhenhong Hu
To improve the environment and mitigate climate change, China has implemented ambitious projects for natural forest protection and expanded planted forests. However, increased climate variability has led to more frequent and severe droughts, exacerbating the decline of these forests. The drought risk of planted forests is rarely assessed by considering both resistance and resilience, and comparative analyses between natural and planted forests are lacking. Here, we compared drought resistance and resilience in natural and planted forests across China using satellite observations from 2001 to 2020 to understand which forests were at higher risk of drought. The results showed that planted forests exhibited lower drought resistance and resilience compared to natural forests, particularly in subtropical broad‐leaved evergreen forests and warm temperate deciduous broad‐leaved forests. Moreover, drought resistance in planted forests significantly increased, while resilience decreased during 2011–2020 compared to 2001–2010, suggesting a shift in the strategies of planted forests to cope with drought stress. The higher drought risk in planted forests compared to natural forests was mainly attributed to lower forest canopy height and poorer soil nutrients, which limited resistance, and lower canopy height and severe drought characteristics (severity, duration, and frequency), which reduced resilience. These results underscore the higher potential risk of drought exposure in planted forests. To mitigate future drought impacts on planted forests under climate change, enhanced management strategies, including the preservation of natural forests and augmentation of structural diversity in planted forests, are imperative.
{"title":"Planted Forests in China Have Higher Drought Risk Than Natural Forests","authors":"Longlong Ma, Jun Ma, Pu Yan, Feng Tian, Josep Peñuelas, Mukund Palat Rao, Yongshuo Fu, Zhenhong Hu","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70055","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the environment and mitigate climate change, China has implemented ambitious projects for natural forest protection and expanded planted forests. However, increased climate variability has led to more frequent and severe droughts, exacerbating the decline of these forests. The drought risk of planted forests is rarely assessed by considering both resistance and resilience, and comparative analyses between natural and planted forests are lacking. Here, we compared drought resistance and resilience in natural and planted forests across China using satellite observations from 2001 to 2020 to understand which forests were at higher risk of drought. The results showed that planted forests exhibited lower drought resistance and resilience compared to natural forests, particularly in subtropical broad‐leaved evergreen forests and warm temperate deciduous broad‐leaved forests. Moreover, drought resistance in planted forests significantly increased, while resilience decreased during 2011–2020 compared to 2001–2010, suggesting a shift in the strategies of planted forests to cope with drought stress. The higher drought risk in planted forests compared to natural forests was mainly attributed to lower forest canopy height and poorer soil nutrients, which limited resistance, and lower canopy height and severe drought characteristics (severity, duration, and frequency), which reduced resilience. These results underscore the higher potential risk of drought exposure in planted forests. To mitigate future drought impacts on planted forests under climate change, enhanced management strategies, including the preservation of natural forests and augmentation of structural diversity in planted forests, are imperative.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125808
Jie Liu, Bo Zhao, Longfei Wang, Wenlong Zhang, Tingchao Zan, Zhenguo Chen, Yi Li
N-nitrosamines (NAs), highly carcinogenic disinfection by-products, were frequently detected in raw sewage, sewage treatment plants (STPs), and receiving rivers. This study investigated five NAs, including N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA), and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and their formation potentials (FPs) in a highly urbanized basin. The results showed that total NAs and their FPs ranged from 101 to 141 ng/L and 72.6 to 203 ng/L in the influent, implying that NAs and their FPs in the raw sewage might be affected by the sewage type, especially for NDMA (up to 103 ng/L) influenced by industrial wastewater. NDMA FP was positively correlated with NH4+, TN, and TOC, while NDMA, NDEA, and NDEA FP were strongly associated with heavy metals, especially Hg, implying factories using Hg as potential sources. The biological treatment effectively removed NAs in STPs, but NMOR showed the weakest biological removal. In addition, the removal efficiency of NDMA was related to the type of biological treatment in the following order: Modified anaerobic-anoxic-oxic-membrane-bioreactor (Modified AAO-MBR) (81.2%) > AAO (60.1%) > Oxidation ditch (53.3%) > UNITANK (46.5%) > Modified AAO (25.8%). After treatment, total NAs (mainly NDMA and NMOR) in the effluent still ranged from 7.09 to 31.8 ng/L. In the receiving rivers, although NMOR was mainly photodegraded, Patescibacteria discharged from STPs was the first time to be identified as a potential contributor for NMOR. NDMA was primarily degraded through photodegradation and biodegradation, NDMA FP was probably biodegraded, with Proteobacteria probably contributing to the biodegradation of NDMA and NDMA FP.
{"title":"Occurrence, fate, and transport of N-nitrosamines and precursors in sewage treatment plants and receiving rivers in a highly urbanized basin","authors":"Jie Liu, Bo Zhao, Longfei Wang, Wenlong Zhang, Tingchao Zan, Zhenguo Chen, Yi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125808","url":null,"abstract":"<em>N</em>-nitrosamines (NAs), highly carcinogenic disinfection by-products, were frequently detected in raw sewage, sewage treatment plants (STPs), and receiving rivers. This study investigated five NAs, including <em>N</em>-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), <em>N</em>-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), <em>N</em>-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), <em>N</em>-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA), and <em>N</em>-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and their formation potentials (FPs) in a highly urbanized basin. The results showed that total NAs and their FPs ranged from 101 to 141 ng/L and 72.6 to 203 ng/L in the influent, implying that NAs and their FPs in the raw sewage might be affected by the sewage type, especially for NDMA (up to 103 ng/L) influenced by industrial wastewater. NDMA FP was positively correlated with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, TN, and TOC, while NDMA, NDEA, and NDEA FP were strongly associated with heavy metals, especially Hg, implying factories using Hg as potential sources. The biological treatment effectively removed NAs in STPs, but NMOR showed the weakest biological removal. In addition, the removal efficiency of NDMA was related to the type of biological treatment in the following order: Modified anaerobic-anoxic-oxic-membrane-bioreactor (Modified AAO-MBR) (81.2%) > AAO (60.1%) > Oxidation ditch (53.3%) > UNITANK (46.5%) > Modified AAO (25.8%). After treatment, total NAs (mainly NDMA and NMOR) in the effluent still ranged from 7.09 to 31.8 ng/L. In the receiving rivers, although NMOR was mainly photodegraded, <em>Patescibacteria</em> discharged from STPs was the first time to be identified as a potential contributor for NMOR. NDMA was primarily degraded through photodegradation and biodegradation, NDMA FP was probably biodegraded, with <em>Proteobacteria</em> probably contributing to the biodegradation of NDMA and NDMA FP.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eirik A. Finne, Jarle W. Bjerke, Frode Stordal, Lena M. Tallaksen
<h2>1 INTRODUCTION</h2> <p>Arctic and alpine areas warm at an amplified rate and winters are changing faster than summers (AMAP, <span>2021</span>; Landrum & Holland, <span>2020</span>). Changes in the frequency and characteristics of climatic extremes are important for vegetation, altering carbon dynamics, species composition and overall ecosystem function faster than long-term temperature changes (Bokhorst et al., <span>2015</span>; Gaines & Denny, <span>1993</span>; Jentsch et al., <span>2007</span>). The stimulating response of vegetation to warmer and longer summers may even be reversed or opposed by the effects of extreme weather events (Berner et al., <span>2020</span>; Callaghan et al., <span>2022</span>; Panchen et al., <span>2022</span>).</p> <p>Winter warming events are short-lived climatic events, from hours to several days, where temperatures are unseasonably high (Johansson et al., <span>2011</span>; Pascual & Johansson, <span>2022</span>). Such events are often accompanied by winter rain, which have been found to be increasing in parts of Norway, mostly in the southwest high elevations, central mountains and northern Norway (Pall et al., <span>2019</span>). This is consistent with combined effects of increased precipitation and more precipitation falling as rain in a warming climate. Moreover, warm winter events are among the most impactful extreme events for arctic-alpine ecosystems (Coulson et al., <span>2000</span>; Treharne et al., <span>2019</span>). The term winter warming event is here used to describe winter climatic events of up to 1 week where temperatures cross the 0°C threshold.</p> <p>Winter warming events induce vegetation stress through two main physical processes, although they often coincide: thaw–freeze and ice encasement. Thaw–freeze relates to snow melt and thawing of vegetation during the winter warming event, followed by vegetation refreeze after the winter warming event ends. Melting of the insulating snow layer exposes the vegetation to warm temperatures and can reduce winter dormancy and cold-hardiness, with the risk of freeze damage and frost drought when cold temperatures return (Bokhorst et al., <span>2011</span>; Rixen et al., <span>2022</span>). Ice encasement occurs when freezing of rain and meltwater accumulated during winter warming events encase vegetation in ice. This reduces the cells' gas exchange with the ambient air and can lead to accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), lactic acid and ethanol (Andrews, <span>1996</span>). The ability and adaption to survive in anoxic conditions during ice encasement differ between species and may deviate from the species' tolerance to thaw–freeze (Bjerke, Elvebakk, et al., <span>2018</span>; Crawford et al., <span>1994</span>).</p> <p>The effects of winter warming events on vascular plants that rely on an insulating snow cover in winter have been thoroughly investigated; their responses differ between species and phenological strategies
{"title":"Lichens are more tolerant against winter warming stress than vascular and non-vascular plants: Insights from an alpine field experiment","authors":"Eirik A. Finne, Jarle W. Bjerke, Frode Stordal, Lena M. Tallaksen","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14482","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>1 INTRODUCTION</h2>\u0000<p>Arctic and alpine areas warm at an amplified rate and winters are changing faster than summers (AMAP, <span>2021</span>; Landrum & Holland, <span>2020</span>). Changes in the frequency and characteristics of climatic extremes are important for vegetation, altering carbon dynamics, species composition and overall ecosystem function faster than long-term temperature changes (Bokhorst et al., <span>2015</span>; Gaines & Denny, <span>1993</span>; Jentsch et al., <span>2007</span>). The stimulating response of vegetation to warmer and longer summers may even be reversed or opposed by the effects of extreme weather events (Berner et al., <span>2020</span>; Callaghan et al., <span>2022</span>; Panchen et al., <span>2022</span>).</p>\u0000<p>Winter warming events are short-lived climatic events, from hours to several days, where temperatures are unseasonably high (Johansson et al., <span>2011</span>; Pascual & Johansson, <span>2022</span>). Such events are often accompanied by winter rain, which have been found to be increasing in parts of Norway, mostly in the southwest high elevations, central mountains and northern Norway (Pall et al., <span>2019</span>). This is consistent with combined effects of increased precipitation and more precipitation falling as rain in a warming climate. Moreover, warm winter events are among the most impactful extreme events for arctic-alpine ecosystems (Coulson et al., <span>2000</span>; Treharne et al., <span>2019</span>). The term winter warming event is here used to describe winter climatic events of up to 1 week where temperatures cross the 0°C threshold.</p>\u0000<p>Winter warming events induce vegetation stress through two main physical processes, although they often coincide: thaw–freeze and ice encasement. Thaw–freeze relates to snow melt and thawing of vegetation during the winter warming event, followed by vegetation refreeze after the winter warming event ends. Melting of the insulating snow layer exposes the vegetation to warm temperatures and can reduce winter dormancy and cold-hardiness, with the risk of freeze damage and frost drought when cold temperatures return (Bokhorst et al., <span>2011</span>; Rixen et al., <span>2022</span>). Ice encasement occurs when freezing of rain and meltwater accumulated during winter warming events encase vegetation in ice. This reduces the cells' gas exchange with the ambient air and can lead to accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), lactic acid and ethanol (Andrews, <span>1996</span>). The ability and adaption to survive in anoxic conditions during ice encasement differ between species and may deviate from the species' tolerance to thaw–freeze (Bjerke, Elvebakk, et al., <span>2018</span>; Crawford et al., <span>1994</span>).</p>\u0000<p>The effects of winter warming events on vascular plants that rely on an insulating snow cover in winter have been thoroughly investigated; their responses differ between species and phenological strategies ","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air sparging (AS) technology is widely used in groundwater remediation of organic contaminants. In this study, using a two-dimensional physical model, the research explores how varying sizes of gravel lenses affect airflow distribution, hydraulic circulation, and contaminant removal efficiency. The presence of gravel lenses was found to significantly enhance hydraulic circulation, thereby improving the removal of nitrobenzene. The study revealed that the length and height of the gravel lenses play crucial roles in determining the airflow pattern and the extent of hydraulic circulation. A lens length of 5 cm was sufficient to form a hydraulic circulation zone, while a lens height of 4 cm was necessary for effective bubble migration. As the lens thickness increased, the bubble migration path extended, enhancing the bubble pulsation effect and the remediation zone. However, beyond the thickness of 10 cm, further increases in lens thickness did not significantly improve removal efficiency, likely due to stable gas-liquid mass transfer rates. The study concluded that gravel lenses were essential for establishing hydraulic circulation in AS processes, which could lead to more effective remediation strategies in heterogeneous aquifers. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing AS system designs in complex geological settings.
{"title":"Effects of hydraulic circulation induced by gravel lenses of varying sizes on nitrobenzene removal in heterogeneous aquifers during air sparging remediation","authors":"Meng Yao, Yitao Xu, Xuyang Chen, Kaiqi Zhang, Chao Guo, Wei Wang, Bowen Li, Mingxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137461","url":null,"abstract":"Air sparging (AS) technology is widely used in groundwater remediation of organic contaminants. In this study, using a two-dimensional physical model, the research explores how varying sizes of gravel lenses affect airflow distribution, hydraulic circulation, and contaminant removal efficiency. The presence of gravel lenses was found to significantly enhance hydraulic circulation, thereby improving the removal of nitrobenzene. The study revealed that the length and height of the gravel lenses play crucial roles in determining the airflow pattern and the extent of hydraulic circulation. A lens length of 5<!-- --> <!-- -->cm was sufficient to form a hydraulic circulation zone, while a lens height of 4<!-- --> <!-- -->cm was necessary for effective bubble migration. As the lens thickness increased, the bubble migration path extended, enhancing the bubble pulsation effect and the remediation zone. However, beyond the thickness of 10<!-- --> <!-- -->cm, further increases in lens thickness did not significantly improve removal efficiency, likely due to stable gas-liquid mass transfer rates. The study concluded that gravel lenses were essential for establishing hydraulic circulation in AS processes, which could lead to more effective remediation strategies in heterogeneous aquifers. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing AS system designs in complex geological settings.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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