心理学最新文献

Olfactory function is closely linked to emotion processing, yet the relationship between olfactory function and human hedonic experiences remains unclear. In this study, 97 healthy young adults participated in assessments of olfactory sensitivity and recognition memory using the standardized Sniffin' Sticks test and the Olfactory Memory Test Battery. Additionally, the olfactory incentive delay task was employed to evaluate the anticipatory and consummatory aspects of olfactory hedonic experiences. Generalized estimating equations analysis revealed that reduced olfactory sensitivity and recognition memory were associated with a diminished unpleasantness response during the anticipation of unpleasant odors. Furthermore, individuals with weaker olfactory recognition memory reported lower pleasure levels when anticipating pleasant odors. However, no associations were found between olfactory sensitivity or olfactory recognition memory and consummatory hedonic experience. These findings suggest that olfactory sensitivity and recognition memory selectively associate with the anticipatory phase of olfactory hedonic experiences, supporting the proposed conceptual framework linking nature, olfaction, and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Reports an error in "Affective control in adolescence: The influence of age and depressive symptomatology on working memory" by Kirsty Griffiths, Darren L. Dunning, Jenna Parker, Marc Bennett, Susanne Schweizer, Lucy Foulkes, Saz Ahmed, Jovita T. Leung, Cait Griffin, Ashok Sakhardande, Willem Kuyken, J. Mark G. Williams, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Tim Dalgleish and Jason Stretton (Emotion, 2025[Feb], Vol 25[1], 70-78; see record 2025-19056-001). The original article the incorrect open access license listed in the author note due to a processing error. The correct open access license for the article is CC BY 4.0; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2025-19056-001). People exhibit marked individual variation in their ability to exercise cognitive control in affectively charged situations. Affective control is typically assessed in laboratory settings by comparing performance in carefully constructed executive tasks performed in both affectively neutral and affectively charged contexts. There is some evidence that affective control undergoes significant improvement throughout adolescence, though it is unclear how adolescents deemed at risk of developing depression exercise affective control despite poor affective control being identified as a contributing factor to ongoing mental ill health in adulthood. The present study therefore investigated affective control in a large (n = 425) sample of adolescents (aged 11-18 years) collected from 2016 to 2018. A simultaneous visuospatial search and written storage working memory (WM) capacity task was carried out to examine affective control, using affectively neutral and affectively negative social images as the task-irrelevant distractors. Overall, WM capacity increased as a function of age across both affective conditions. Moreover, we report a significant difference between affective conditions, with WM capacity slightly lower during trials with affectively negative social scenes, relative to neutral. Performance in each condition and the performance "cost" for completing the task in negative relative to neutral conditions was not modulated by depressive symptoms. Furthermore, age did not predict performance cost, irrespective of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that WM capacity is relatively robust against socioaffective contexts and mood in adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Facial emotion perception in real life is inevitably influenced by the affective context, such as the expressions on nearby people's faces. However, to what extent and how the expressions of others exert a contextual influence on our interpretation of target facial emotions remains largely unclear. Using psychophysical methods, we demonstrated that the emotional facial context alone (i.e., without any evident social interaction cues) is sufficient to bias the perceived expression of an ambiguous target face (N = 160, healthy Asian college students, 2017-2025). Intriguingly, the contextual effect induced by faces with fearful, but not happy, expressions was regulated by observers' awareness of the context. For fearful contexts, the contextual effect showed a dissociation between nonconscious and conscious conditions, occurring only when the contextual face was not consciously perceived. By contrast, contextual faces expressing happiness biased emotion perception regardless of awareness. These findings broaden our understanding of the affective contextual effect in situations without explicit social relationships. More crucially, they unveil the intertwined roles of emotional valence and consciousness in emotional information integration, offering valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms whereby affective context shapes facial emotion perception. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

This article commemorates the 40th anniversary of the publication of Psychology and Aging, the premier journal for basic and applied psychological research on aging and adult lifespan development, published by the American Psychological Association. To this end, we summarize the journal's history based on the editorials of previous editors, and we highlight the continuity in the journal's mission (especially with regard to high standards for scientific rigor, as well as openness to new content, understudied populations, and innovative methods), its increasing impact, and the great diversity of topics addressed in the last four decades. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Community studies documenting gender-based violence (GBV) experienced by trans and gender diverse (TGD) people often find differences in prevalence across TGD subgroups. In contrast, studies with university students tend to treat TGD students as a homogenous group, leaving differences across subgroups unknown. Using data from TGD Ontario university students, we examined the prevalence and impacts of GBV across the spectrum of nonbinary and gender queer, trans women and trans feminine (TWTF), and trans men and trans masculine (TMTM) students. Specifically, we explored the frequency of subtle and overt forms of GBV (trans environmental microaggressions, trans interpersonal microaggressions, victimization) and their relationship with psychological (positive mental health, psychological distress, perceived stress) and social (campus belonging) well-being among each subgroup. TMTM students reported experiencing both microaggression types significantly more frequently than TWTF; no other differences in prevalence were found. Consistent with minority stress theory, all but one statistically significant result suggested that experiences of GBV are associated with poorer outcomes. Specifically, GBV can negatively impact TGD students' well-being, although its impacts are not identical across TGD subgroups. The findings highlight the importance of considering TGD students as a heterogeneous group when examining GBV and its consequences. Implications for research, policy, practice, and the training of practitioners are offered.

Although the effect of media violence on aggression has garnered major attention, little is known about the link between bullying-related media exposure and bullying behaviors. Across three studies, we examined this association among Chinese adolescents. Study 1 used a large sample of adolescents (n=10,391, 51.4% boys) to investigate the link between bullying-related media exposure and bullying perpetration. Using another adolescent sample (n=3,125, 49.5% boys), Study 2 replicated the findings from Study 1 and extended the investigation from traditional bullying to cyberbullying perpetration. Study 3 examined the longitudinal associations between bullying-related media exposure and (cyber)bullying perpetration 6 months later (n = 2,744, 47.0% boys). The results suggested a positive, albeit small, association between exposure to bullying-related media and (cyber)bullying perpetration. Importantly, personal anti-bullying attitudes moderated this link, with a significant association observed among adolescents holding weak anti-bullying attitudes. Findings are discussed with respect to the media's effect on bullying behaviors.

Background: Neuroscience research methods contribute to the understanding of the underlying neural impairments associated with psychopathology. Previous research suggested that impairments in Default Mode Network, Fronto-Parietal Executive Network, Amygdaloid-Hippocampal Memory Network, and Attentional Salience Network are present in different psychopathological symptoms. However, a self-report measure based on this evidence is lacking. Aims: Therefore, the present study describes the development and preliminary psychometric study of the Neural Network Symptomatology Inventory (NNSI). Method: Two different samples were recruited (sample 1: N = 214, Mage = 21.0, SD = 7.10; sample 2: N = 194, Mage = 21.5, SD = 8.41) and responded to self-report instruments in a cross-sectional design. Standard methodologies to scale development and psychometric study were applied: Item development, Exploratory (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Pearson correlations. Results: EFA and CFA suggested a 4-factor model with adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2(449) = 808,9841, TLI = .89, CFI = .92, RMSEA = .048 (.042-.053). All NNSI subscales correlated positively with psychopathological domains and correlated negatively with psychological well-being. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that NNSI may be a valid instrument to assess symptomatology associated with complex neural network impairments. Nevertheless, further research is required to deepen and improve NNSI psychometric characteristics.

In this perspective article, we propose encompassing the motivational perspective to enrich future studies on two forms of heavy work involvement (HWI): workaholism and work engagement. Based on the holistic definition of motivation, we build a theoretical instrumentation that includes four motivational categories that are presented and characterized by relevant key terms: I. Activation and energy of action; II. Action orientation and action realization; III. Competencies and cognitive processes; IV. Work environment and the context of action. We use these categories in an analysis of the latest contemporary research which has investigated the motivational determinants of both workaholism and work engagement. Our analysis shows that studies in this perspective are in the initial stages; we propose examples of theories and models as well as important precise questions embedded in each I-IV motivation category that can stimulate future research directions. The concluding comments include three main recommendations for future research on HWI.

It is widely assumed that the term "weakness" has negative psychological effects and should be replaced by "area for improvement." The present study is the first to examine the matter experimentally. It was hypothesised that effects of "weakness" (vs. "area for improvement") are most pronounced in those with low perceived self-efficacy in the relevant domain. Two experiments were conducted in the domain of self-regulation. In those with low perceived self-efficacy for self-regulation (PSESR), "weakness" apparently had a negative indirect effect on improvement expectancy by increasing the perceived stability (Experiment 1) or lowering the perceived controllability (Experiment 2) of the problem. Moreover, at low levels of PSESR in Experiment 2, estimated indirect effects of "weakness" on perceived value of improvement were both positive and negative. However, gender apparently moderated those effects. "Weakness" apparently lowered perceived controllability in both males and females but in women the negative effect was more pronounced when PSESR was low. In addition, "weakness" apparently increased perceived internality in males with low PSESR. Compared to "area for improvement," "weakness" may indeed have some (negative) psychological effects in people with low perceived self-efficacy in the relevant domain. Given the ubiquity of these terms in evaluative contexts and the widespread fears of the term "weakness," more experimental research needs to be conducted.

This study examined how culture shapes third-party punishment and compensation in the harm domain using realistic judicial scenarios. Chinese participants showed greater engagement in both forms than American participants, with individualism-collectivism values mediating these societal differences.