心理学最新文献

Objectives: The impact of developmental factors has not been addressed in cognitive models and gold standard treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The present study examined the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), dysfunctional parental styles, intolerance of uncertainty (IoU) and early maladaptive schemas (EMS) with GAD symptomatology and diagnostic status. The relationship between these variables was compared between a low anxiety and clinical GAD group. We hypothesized that the low anxiety group would score significantly lower on these variables compared to the clinical GAD group.

Methods: Participants in the clinical GAD group (n = 38) were recruited via a clinical trial and screened for a primary diagnosis of GAD using the Diagnostic Interview for Anxiety, Mood and OCD and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders (DIAMOND; Tolin et al., Assessment, 25, 2018, 3). Participants in the low anxiety group (n = 148) were undergraduate students scoring in the normal to mild range on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, Behav. Res. Ther., 33, 1995, 335) and within the normal range on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; Spitzer et al., Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7). APA PsycTests, 2006).

Results: Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that IoU and two EMS (vulnerability to harm; self-sacrifice) were significant predictors of GAD-7 scores. Logistic regression analysis similarly found IoU and the EMS of vulnerability to harm as the only significant predictor of GAD group membership. ACEs and dysfunctional parental styles were not significant predictors.

Conclusions: These findings support further investigation of IoU and EMSs in models of GAD and the utility of targeting these cognitive vulnerabilities in enhancing treatment.

Objective: Illness anxiety disorder (IAD) has two subtypes in the DSM-5: 'care-seeking' and 'care-avoidant', with a third subtype, 'care fluctuating' identified in previous research. This study explores the experiences of individuals with IAD when seeking and avoiding medical care.

Design and methods: We recruited self-identified health-anxious individuals via online social media advertisements. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and a diagnostic interview assessing IAD and comorbidities. Participants meeting IAD criteria (N = 37, mean age = 39, 76% female) completed a qualitative interview about their experiences seeking and avoiding medical care, analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: Participants reported that internal and external factors influenced help-seeking behaviours. Internal factors were physical symptoms, worry, fear, reassurance-seeking, and the motivation to stay healthy for their children. External factors included past experiences with health professionals, cost of care, and a busy lifestyle. Worry about missing a serious disease, symptom severity, and emotional fatigue from repeated care-seeking contributed to fluctuations in help-seeking. Negative past experiences with health professionals also impacted willingness to seek medical care.

Conclusions: Reasons behind different help-seeking behaviours in IAD are complex. This study provides insight into the help-seeking experiences of individuals with IAD and the factors influencing these behaviours, which can inform targeted treatment approaches for IAD.

Objective: Although hoarding symptoms are chronic and the average onset is late adolescence, younger cohorts have received little attention in research. Given the insidious symptom trajectory of hoarding and the unsatisfactory treatment outcomes in clinical groups, comprehensive research focusing on younger participants may reveal insights and suggest early intervention opportunities.

Design: Cross-sectional data were collected online from an emerging adult sample.

Method: A total of 316 participants (aged 18-25) reported on hoarding symptoms, executive functioning, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, autism traits, obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, social anxiety, psychological distress, emotion regulation, interpersonal attachment, and traumatic life events. Principal component analysis was used to cluster the data into underlying components.

Results: Regression analysis showed that self-reported executive control problems and negative emotional response are the key predictors of hoarding behaviours, with compulsivity and decisional impulsivity also being significant contributors. Importantly, the interaction between the two key predictors was not significant (β = .05, p = .273), implying independent contributions. Additionally, compulsivity, executive control and traumatic life events contributed to hoarding-related beliefs.

Conclusions: Difficulties in executive control, as noted in ADHD, would be an important target in the detection and intervention of hoarding symptoms among younger cohorts. Caution in the assessment of clutter in young people is needed as their control over common residential areas might be limited.

Objectives: Anhedonia, a core symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), is a risk factor for future depressive episodes and is associated with social withdrawal, which may contribute to loneliness-another risk factor for depression. Understanding how anhedonia and its sub-component processes relate to depression and loneliness could reveal key targets for intervention development.

Methods: We recruited 275 young people (M_age: 20.50) with clinically significant symptoms of depression, indicated by scores ≥27 on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). Participants completed the Anhedonia Scale for Adolescents (ASA) and its three subscales: ASA-S1 (Enjoyment, Excitement, and Emotional Flattening); ASA-S2 (Enthusiasm, Connection, and Purpose); ASA-S3 (Effort, Motivation, and Drive); and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA) at baseline and at four-month follow-up (N = 173). Multiple regression analyses examined the relationships between anhedonia, MDD, and loneliness, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Results: Cross-sectionally, the ASA total scores (β = .655, p < .001), ASA-S1 (β = .586, p < .001), and ASA-S3 (β = .153, p = .034) were associated with MDD. ASA total scores (β = .651, p < .001), ASA-S1 (β = .397, p < .001), ASA-S2 (β = .196, p < .001), and ASA-S3 (β = .176, p = .018) were associated with loneliness. Longitudinally, ASA total scores (β = .485, p < .001) and ASA-S1 (β = .298, p = .008) predicted MDD, while ASA-S2 showed a trend toward predicting loneliness (β = .099, p = .058).

Conclusions: This study highlights how specific anhedonia sub-component processes predict increases in clinically significant symptoms of MDD and loneliness among young people, informing the development of more targeted treatments for anhedonia.

There is a growing consensus that emotion differentiation-the ability to discern specific emotions-is healthy. To assess this ability, studies so far have exclusively relied on the dimension of emotion pleasantness by lumping together various types of emotions that fall within the same valence category. However, this approach neglects the possibility that individuals may represent certain types of emotions in a more differentiated fashion, if these emotions are functionally adaptive and therefore are more frequently experienced in their cultural environments. Here, we propose social orientation as another dimension to analyze emotion differentiation and test a hypothesis that the ability to differentiate socially engaging (vs. disengaging) emotions is reinforced more and is associated with better health in interdependent (vs. independent) cultural contexts. In a longitudinal daily diary study conducted in the United States and Korea between 2019 and 2020, we assessed the extent to which participants differentiated engaging or disengaging emotions based on 2 weeks of daily affective reports. For both positive and negative emotions, Koreans differentiated engaging emotions more than European Americans did. Conversely, European Americans differentiated disengaging emotions more than Koreans did. Moreover, for both cultural groups, the extent to which they differentiated emotions that are valued more in their respective culture-engaging for Koreans and disengaging for European Americans-predicted better health 2 months later, indirectly via reducing their tendency to ruminate over time. These results suggest that culture shapes how we represent emotions, and doing so in a culturally preferred way has a potential to bring health benefits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

According to the regulatory model of nostalgia, nostalgia activates the positive valence system to countermand negative emotionality. However, no research has systematically examined whether nostalgia influences the diverse manifestations of the positive valence system. We addressed this issue in two preregistered studies (ΣN = 543). Participants completed trait nostalgia scales and the Positive Valence System Scale, comprising the following seven constructs: reward valuation, reward expectancy, effort valuation, action selection, reward anticipation, initial reward responsiveness, and reward satiation. In both studies, trait nostalgia was positively associated with all positive valence system constructs. When nostalgia was experimentally induced (Study 2), it increased reward valuation, action selection, and initial responsiveness. The results clarify nostalgia's impact on the positive valence system and the implications of the regulatory model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Bidirectional influences between parenting and children's emotion regulation are well established, but developmental shifts in these dynamics and differences between mother- and father-child relationships are far from understood. We examined such bidirectional dynamics from infancy to early school age in 102 U.S. Midwestern community families (51 girls), using an autoregressive latent trajectory model that enabled us to distinguish within-dyad co-regulatory processes from traitlike stability across dyads. Parental responsiveness and child emotion (dys)regulation were coded from observed parent-child interactions at seven time points from 7 months to 6.5 years. Results demonstrated significant parent-to-child effects during toddlerhood in both mother- and father-child dyads, with higher parental responsiveness predicting better subsequent emotion regulation in children. However, child-to-parent effects were observed only in father-child dyads, such that children with poorer emotion regulation elicited more, and those with better emotion regulation elicited less paternal responsiveness at the later time point. These findings suggest fathers may adjust caregiving more flexibly, balancing recognition of children's emotional needs and of their growing autonomy, whereas maternal responsiveness may be less influenced by fluctuations in child emotion (dys)regulation. No significant bidirectional associations were observed in infancy or early school age. Findings suggest that bidirectional dynamics are developmentally fluid in early parent-child relationships and that, surprisingly, fathers may be more adept at calibrating their responsiveness based on children's regulatory needs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

To refine the 23-item chronic Hepatitis B quality of life instrument (CHBQOL) using the modified Delphi method and Rasch model analysis, this study conducted a secondary data analysis on 578 chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The preliminary evaluation of the item's importance of the original CHBQOL and the final review of the short form of CHBQOL (CHBQOL-SF) were collected by the Delphi method. A bi-factor model was estimated and Rasch analysis with partial credit model was performed on each domain of the CHBQOL. Six items were suggested to remove based on the Delphi results. The fit of the bi-factor model was acceptable (RMSEA = 0.040; CFI = 0.983; TLI = 0.965). Disordered thresholds were initially found on three out of five items in Somatic symptoms, and four out of six items in Social stigma. Uniform differential item functioning was observed for three items for age group, two items for gender, and one item each for different ALT levels and HBV-DNA levels. Finally, the 10-item CHBQOL-SF retained the four-dimensional structure of the original instrument. The 10 items fit the Rasch model well and response options were set reasonably. The 10-item CHBQOL-SF would offer a brief and easily administrative CHB-specific patient-reported outcome measure for use in clinical practice and population studies.

Recent advancements in the theory of narcissism emphasize that it is a multidimensional construct with three distinct facets: agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic. Although this model has been extensively studied and supported in adults, there is a lack of instruments assessing the multidimensional structure of narcissism in children. In response to this gap in the literature, we aimed to introduce a new measure of three-dimensional narcissism in children. In three studies among children aged between 8 and 10 years (N = 189, N = 235, N = 163), we successfully supported the presence of the three-factor structure of narcissism. In addition, we identified respectable reliability and validity for the new measure. Agentic narcissism positively correlated with self-enhancement values, agentic attributes, and self-esteem. Neurotic narcissism was negatively correlated with self-esteem. Finally, antagonistic narcissism was negatively associated with self-transcendence values and positively with self-enhancement values. In conclusion, we propose a 12-item measure distinguishing agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism in children.