Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2026.108945
Jaime Banks
The mainstreaming of companionable machines—customizable artificial agents designed to participate in ongoing, idiosyncratic, socioemotional relationships—is met with relative theoretical and empirical disarray, according to recent systematic reviews. In particular, the conceptualization and measurement of machine companionship (MC) is inconsistent or sometimes altogether missing. This study starts to bridge that gap by developing and initially validating a novel measurement to capture MC experiences—the unfolding, autotelic, positively experienced, coordinated connection between human and machine—with AI companions (AICs). After systematic generation and expert review of an item pool (including items pertaining to dyadism, coordination, autotelicity, temporality, and positive valence), N = 467 people interacting AICs responded to the item pool and to construct validation measures. Through exploratory factor analysis, two factors were induced: Eudaimonic Exchange and Connective Coordination. Construct validation analyses indicate the factors function largely as expected (and confirmed in a second sample; N = 249). Post-hoc analyses of deviations suggests two different templates for MC with AICs: One socioinstrumental and one autotelic.
{"title":"Measuring machine companionship experiences: Scale development and validation for AI companions","authors":"Jaime Banks","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mainstreaming of companionable machines—customizable artificial agents designed to participate in ongoing, idiosyncratic, socioemotional relationships—is met with relative theoretical and empirical disarray, according to recent systematic reviews. In particular, the conceptualization and measurement of machine companionship (MC) is inconsistent or sometimes altogether missing. This study starts to bridge that gap by developing and initially validating a novel measurement to capture MC experiences—the unfolding, autotelic, positively experienced, coordinated connection between human and machine—with AI companions (AICs). After systematic generation and expert review of an item pool (including items pertaining to dyadism, coordination, autotelicity, temporality, and positive valence), <em>N</em> = 467 people interacting AICs responded to the item pool and to construct validation measures. Through exploratory factor analysis, two factors were induced: Eudaimonic Exchange and Connective Coordination. Construct validation analyses indicate the factors function largely as expected (and confirmed in a second sample; <em>N</em> = 249). <em>Post-hoc</em> analyses of deviations suggests two different templates for MC with AICs: One socioinstrumental and one autotelic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 108945"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2026.108949
Jino Chung, Jihye Lee
Drawing on Social Identity Theory, this study examines how people engage with artificial intelligence (AI)-generated news on a socially sensitive topic, such as child abuse, under different message framing conditions. We investigate how news source (human vs. AI writer) and message framing (emotional vs. factual) shape audience perceptions of identity threat and writer sincerity, as well as behavioral responses to the news and to AI more broadly. An online experiment with U.S. adults (N = 401) showed that while perceptions of identity threat did not differ across conditions, an AI writer was consistently perceived as less sincere than a human writer, particularly when emotionally framed. Lower perceived sincerity of the AI writer had downstream effects on attitudinal and behavioral responses, including reduced AI acceptance, lower willingness to pay for news, and increased AI aversion. By highlighting the interplay between source perceptions and message framing, this study offers novel insights into how concerns about the sincerity of information sources shape engagement with AI-generated content.
{"title":"AI byline, human content: Exploring how source and message framing shape news perception","authors":"Jino Chung, Jihye Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing on Social Identity Theory, this study examines how people engage with artificial intelligence (AI)-generated news on a socially sensitive topic, such as child abuse, under different message framing conditions. We investigate how news source (human vs. AI writer) and message framing (emotional vs. factual) shape audience perceptions of identity threat and writer sincerity, as well as behavioral responses to the news and to AI more broadly. An online experiment with U.S. adults (<em>N</em> = 401) showed that while perceptions of identity threat did not differ across conditions, an AI writer was consistently perceived as less sincere than a human writer, particularly when emotionally framed. Lower perceived sincerity of the AI writer had downstream effects on attitudinal and behavioral responses, including reduced AI acceptance, lower willingness to pay for news, and increased AI aversion. By highlighting the interplay between source perceptions and message framing, this study offers novel insights into how concerns about the sincerity of information sources shape engagement with AI-generated content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 108949"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2026.102272
Abriana M. Gresham , Timothy J. Valshtein , Chelsea M. Spencer , Jeffry A. Simpson
Although intimate partner violence (IPV) research acknowledges intimate relationships as the site of IPV, existing work is often disconnected from the fundamental principles of relationship science. To address this gap, we introduce the Dyadic Socioecological Model of Adverse Relationship Pressures (ARPs). ARPs are defined as socioecological catalysts that span individual, dyadic, and systems levels of analysis and serve as antecedents for experiencing or enacting IPV. Unlike previous socioecological models, the ARP Model explicitly emphasizes the interdependent nature of relationship partners. The model highlights how shared and differentiated pressures interact dynamically within the dyad to create unique configurations of IPV risk. We argue that IPV is not reducible to isolated incidents or individual factors but rather emerges from this complex system of pressures. We conclude by proposing a research agenda across seven thematic areas to advance the utility of the ARP Model, promote theory integration, advance empirical work, and inform more effective, evidence-based prevention and intervention efforts.
{"title":"Rethinking intimate partner violence risk: A Dyadic Socioecological Model of Adverse Relationship Pressures","authors":"Abriana M. Gresham , Timothy J. Valshtein , Chelsea M. Spencer , Jeffry A. Simpson","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2026.102272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2026.102272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although intimate partner violence (IPV) research acknowledges intimate relationships as the site of IPV, existing work is often disconnected from the fundamental principles of relationship science. To address this gap, we introduce the Dyadic Socioecological Model of Adverse Relationship Pressures (ARPs). ARPs are defined as socioecological catalysts that span individual, dyadic, and systems levels of analysis and serve as antecedents for experiencing or enacting IPV. Unlike previous socioecological models, the ARP Model explicitly emphasizes the interdependent nature of relationship partners. The model highlights how shared and differentiated pressures interact dynamically within the dyad to create unique configurations of IPV risk. We argue that IPV is not reducible to isolated incidents or individual factors but rather emerges from this complex system of pressures. We conclude by proposing a research agenda across seven thematic areas to advance the utility of the ARP Model, promote theory integration, advance empirical work, and inform more effective, evidence-based prevention and intervention efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102272"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113715
Xiao-Yan Chen , Ya Zhu , Xuliang Shi
The widespread issue of loneliness among young adults has garnered significant attention, with interpersonal stressors emerging as a significant contributing factor. This study aimed to determine whether interpersonal sensitivity serves as a mediating factor in the relationship between interpersonal stressors and loneliness while distinguishing within-person effects from between-person effects. Additionally, the study investigated the potential influence of gender in this relationship. 3765 Chinese college students were followed for two years and Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models were employed. The results showed interpersonal sensitivity played a significant mediating role in the within-person effects of interpersonal stressors on loneliness, a finding particularly pronounced among females but not among males. These findings imply that strategies to decrease interpersonal sensitivity could be effective in alleviating loneliness because of interpersonal stressors, emphasizing the need for gender-specific interventions.
{"title":"Interpersonal stressors, interpersonal sensitivity, and loneliness among college students: Disentangling between- and within-person associations","authors":"Xiao-Yan Chen , Ya Zhu , Xuliang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread issue of loneliness among young adults has garnered significant attention, with interpersonal stressors emerging as a significant contributing factor. This study aimed to determine whether interpersonal sensitivity serves as a mediating factor in the relationship between interpersonal stressors and loneliness while distinguishing within-person effects from between-person effects. Additionally, the study investigated the potential influence of gender in this relationship. 3765 Chinese college students were followed for two years and Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models were employed. The results showed interpersonal sensitivity played a significant mediating role in the within-person effects of interpersonal stressors on loneliness, a finding particularly pronounced among females but not among males. These findings imply that strategies to decrease interpersonal sensitivity could be effective in alleviating loneliness because of interpersonal stressors, emphasizing the need for gender-specific interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 113715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social hierarchies are a universal property of all social species, implying cognitive and emotional mechanisms for evaluating relative social position. Who is sensitive to unfavorable social comparisons, and what are the mental health consequences? Across five studies (N = 1669) we investigate the socioemotional construct of perceived disadvantage. This multidimensional construct—comprising envy, diminished self-esteem, and heightened justice sensitivity—emerged as a single latent factor, reflecting linked cognitive, emotional, and attitudinal responses to unfavorable social comparison. Based on these findings, we developed the 12-item Perceived Disadvantage Index (PDI), which demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. Perceived disadvantage explained substantial variance in mental health (stress, anxiety, and depression) beyond existing measures of social comparison. Longitudinal evidence suggested a causal link between perceived disadvantage and amplified depressive symptoms over time. These findings highlight perceived disadvantage as a theoretically grounded construct offering insight into social comparison dynamics and mental health in an increasingly stratified perceptual world.
{"title":"Perceived disadvantage: Individual differences in sensitivity to unfavorable social comparison predict poorer mental health","authors":"Sandeep Mishra , Shadi Beshai , Justin Feeney , Cody Fogg , Adam Iskric","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social hierarchies are a universal property of all social species, implying cognitive and emotional mechanisms for evaluating relative social position. Who is sensitive to unfavorable social comparisons, and what are the mental health consequences? Across five studies (<em>N</em> = 1669) we investigate the socioemotional construct of <em>perceived disadvantage</em>. This multidimensional construct—comprising envy, diminished self-esteem, and heightened justice sensitivity—emerged as a single latent factor, reflecting linked cognitive, emotional, and attitudinal responses to unfavorable social comparison. Based on these findings, we developed the 12-item <em>Perceived Disadvantage Index (PDI)</em>, which demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. Perceived disadvantage explained substantial variance in mental health (stress, anxiety, and depression) beyond existing measures of social comparison. Longitudinal evidence suggested a causal link between perceived disadvantage and amplified depressive symptoms over time. These findings highlight perceived disadvantage as a theoretically grounded construct offering insight into social comparison dynamics and mental health in an increasingly stratified perceptual world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 113677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113680
Wei Bai , Haihan Wang , Lijun Zheng
Accumulating evidence shows that women's mate preferences are variable rather than fixed. Some researchers have suggested that cross-cultural variation in mate preferences is an expected outcome of evolved psychological mechanisms, particularly when local conditions alter the reproductive or adaptive value of specific traits. In this study, we focused on gendered power in romantic relationships and its association with mate preferences within the “fourth love” community in China, a subculture characterized by reversed gender roles. A total of 385 fourth love participants and 276 non–fourth love participants completed measures of gendered relational power and mate preferences. Compared with non–fourth love women, fourth love women placed less importance on a partner's resources and potential, but greater importance on good looks. No significant differences were found between fourth love men and non–fourth love men. Furthermore, higher gendered power was associated with lower preference for a partner's resources and potential among women, and partially accounted for the differences between fourth love and non–fourth love women in these domains. These findings suggest that gendered power is linked to women's mate preferences and support the view that variability in women's preferences may reflect adaptive trade-offs under specific relational and cultural conditions.
{"title":"Relational power as a cue for women's adaptive mate preference variation: Evidence from traditional and reversed gender roles","authors":"Wei Bai , Haihan Wang , Lijun Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accumulating evidence shows that women's mate preferences are variable rather than fixed. Some researchers have suggested that cross-cultural variation in mate preferences is an expected outcome of evolved psychological mechanisms, particularly when local conditions alter the reproductive or adaptive value of specific traits. In this study, we focused on gendered power in romantic relationships and its association with mate preferences within the “fourth love” community in China, a subculture characterized by reversed gender roles. A total of 385 fourth love participants and 276 non–fourth love participants completed measures of gendered relational power and mate preferences. Compared with non–fourth love women, fourth love women placed less importance on a partner's resources and potential, but greater importance on good looks. No significant differences were found between fourth love men and non–fourth love men. Furthermore, higher gendered power was associated with lower preference for a partner's resources and potential among women, and partially accounted for the differences between fourth love and non–fourth love women in these domains. These findings suggest that gendered power is linked to women's mate preferences and support the view that variability in women's preferences may reflect adaptive trade-offs under specific relational and cultural conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 113680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113690
Jamie L. Tully , Sarune Savickaite , Sarah Vaughan , Tobias Stevens
Alcohol poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, with China among the highest in production and consumption. However, little is known about Chinese women's alcohol related risks and motivations. This study aimed to fill a significant gap in understanding alcohol use within this underrepresented group, as female drinking patterns are evolving amid rapid socio-economic changes. A cross-sectional exploratory survey examined the links between demographic characteristics and Five-Factor Personality dimensions with alcohol risk and drinking motives among 673 women in Beijing. Findings showed that younger, more educated, single/divorced women reported higher, although modest, AUDIT scores and generally stronger drinking motives. Among personality traits, openness was a strong, consistent predictor, positively linked with AUDIT scores and social, coping, and enhancement motives. Extraversion positively predicted AUDIT scores and social, coping, and conformity motives, while neuroticism predicted coping and conformity motives. Lower conscientiousness predicted higher AUDIT scores, and social and enhancement motives. Agreeableness showed a mixed pattern, negatively predicting AUDIT scores and coping motives but positively predicting social motives. Findings indicate an interplay of demographic and personality factors in predicting alcohol risk and motives among Chinese women and highlight vulnerable subgroups, providing a basis for targeted interventions and research in this understudied population.
{"title":"Demographics and five-factor personality predict alcohol risk and motives in a sample of women from Beijing","authors":"Jamie L. Tully , Sarune Savickaite , Sarah Vaughan , Tobias Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alcohol poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, with China among the highest in production and consumption. However, little is known about Chinese women's alcohol related risks and motivations. This study aimed to fill a significant gap in understanding alcohol use within this underrepresented group, as female drinking patterns are evolving amid rapid socio-economic changes. A cross-sectional exploratory survey examined the links between demographic characteristics and Five-Factor Personality dimensions with alcohol risk and drinking motives among 673 women in Beijing. Findings showed that younger, more educated, single/divorced women reported higher, although modest, AUDIT scores and generally stronger drinking motives. Among personality traits, openness was a strong, consistent predictor, positively linked with AUDIT scores and social, coping, and enhancement motives. Extraversion positively predicted AUDIT scores and social, coping, and conformity motives, while neuroticism predicted coping and conformity motives. Lower conscientiousness predicted higher AUDIT scores, and social and enhancement motives. Agreeableness showed a mixed pattern, negatively predicting AUDIT scores and coping motives but positively predicting social motives. Findings indicate an interplay of demographic and personality factors in predicting alcohol risk and motives among Chinese women and highlight vulnerable subgroups, providing a basis for targeted interventions and research in this understudied population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 113690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113684
Xi Zhang , Jie Yu , Tingyong Feng
Theoretical and empirical research has suggested a close association between attitudes toward procrastination and procrastination behavior, yet the directionality of this relationship remains unclear. The present study investigated the longitudinal associations between attitudes toward procrastination and procrastination, with a focus on the distinct roles of affective and cognitive attitude components. A sample of Chinese university students (N = 208; Mage = 20.95) completed self-report measures of general procrastination and attitudes toward procrastination at two time points separated by a six-month interval, with 184 participants completing the follow-up (12% attrition rate). Cross-lagged panel models revealed significant bidirectional effects between overall attitudes and procrastination: more favorable attitudes at Time 1 predicted greater procrastination at Time 2, and higher procrastination, in turn, predicted more favorable attitudes at Time 2. When decomposing attitude components, the affective component exhibited the same reciprocal pattern, whereas the cognitive component showed no significant association with procrastination over time. These findings provide the longitudinal evidence that procrastination and attitudes toward it are mutually reinforcing, driven primarily by affective rather than cognitive processes. The results highlight the central role of emotional evaluation in sustaining procrastination and offer potential implications for interventions.
{"title":"Bidirectional relationship between attitudes toward procrastination and procrastination in a two-wave longitudinal study","authors":"Xi Zhang , Jie Yu , Tingyong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theoretical and empirical research has suggested a close association between attitudes toward procrastination and procrastination behavior, yet the directionality of this relationship remains unclear. The present study investigated the longitudinal associations between attitudes toward procrastination and procrastination, with a focus on the distinct roles of affective and cognitive attitude components. A sample of Chinese university students (<em>N</em> = 208; <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 20.95) completed self-report measures of general procrastination and attitudes toward procrastination at two time points separated by a six-month interval, with 184 participants completing the follow-up (12% attrition rate). Cross-lagged panel models revealed significant bidirectional effects between overall attitudes and procrastination: more favorable attitudes at Time 1 predicted greater procrastination at Time 2, and higher procrastination, in turn, predicted more favorable attitudes at Time 2. When decomposing attitude components, the affective component exhibited the same reciprocal pattern, whereas the cognitive component showed no significant association with procrastination over time. These findings provide the longitudinal evidence that procrastination and attitudes toward it are mutually reinforcing, driven primarily by affective rather than cognitive processes. The results highlight the central role of emotional evaluation in sustaining procrastination and offer potential implications for interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 113684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113688
Fernanda Otoni , Ariela Raíssa Lima-Costa , Antônio Silvério da Rocha Neto , Victória Sobreira Gonçalves , Ligia Ziegler Samuel , Bruno Bonfá-Araujo
This study examined how dispositional antagonism relates to authoritarian ideologies and self-regulatory processes, testing whether Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) mediate the relationship between the Dark Factor of Personality (D factor) and both self-control and emotion regulation. A total of 498 Brazilian adults (Mage = 33.43, SD = 9.17) completed measures of dark traits, RWA, SDO, self-control, and emotional dysregulation. Correlations indicated that the D factor was positively associated with RWA and emotion dysregulation and weakly associated with self-control, whereas SDO showed negligible relations with both. In a path model, RWA fully mediated the relation between the D factor and self-control; no indirect effects via SDO emerged for either outcome. Emotion dysregulation was inversely related to self-control even after accounting for the D factor, RWA, and SDO, suggesting a relatively independent regulatory pathway. Facet-level patterns further suggested that self-control may function not only as a protective capacity but also as a strategic resource in aversive personality expression. These findings indicate that antagonistic dispositions may manifest ideologically through authoritarian rigidity and punitive attitudes, rather than hierarchical dominance. The results also highlight that emotion regulation and self-control function as distinct yet interacting domains within ideological expression.
{"title":"The dark core and the dual process of prejudice: When self-control and emotional dysregulation serve antagonistic ends","authors":"Fernanda Otoni , Ariela Raíssa Lima-Costa , Antônio Silvério da Rocha Neto , Victória Sobreira Gonçalves , Ligia Ziegler Samuel , Bruno Bonfá-Araujo","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2026.113688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined how dispositional antagonism relates to authoritarian ideologies and self-regulatory processes, testing whether Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) mediate the relationship between the Dark Factor of Personality (D factor) and both self-control and emotion regulation. A total of 498 Brazilian adults (M<sub><em>age</em></sub> = 33.43, SD = 9.17) completed measures of dark traits, RWA, SDO, self-control, and emotional dysregulation. Correlations indicated that the D factor was positively associated with RWA and emotion dysregulation and weakly associated with self-control, whereas SDO showed negligible relations with both. In a path model, RWA fully mediated the relation between the D factor and self-control; no indirect effects via SDO emerged for either outcome. Emotion dysregulation was inversely related to self-control even after accounting for the D factor, RWA, and SDO, suggesting a relatively independent regulatory pathway. Facet-level patterns further suggested that self-control may function not only as a protective capacity but also as a strategic resource in aversive personality expression. These findings indicate that antagonistic dispositions may manifest ideologically through authoritarian rigidity and punitive attitudes, rather than hierarchical dominance. The results also highlight that emotion regulation and self-control function as distinct yet interacting domains within ideological expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 113688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2026.106444
Savithry Namboodiripad , Ethan Kutlu , Anna Babel , Molly Babel , Melissa Baese-Berk , Paras B. Bassuk , Adeli Block , Reinaldo Cabrera Pérez , Matthew T. Carlson , Sita Carraturo , Andrew Cheng , Lauretta S.P. Cheng , Philip Combiths , Ruthe Foushee , Anne Therese Frederiksen , Devin Grammon , Rachel Hayes-Harb , Eve Higby , Kelly Kendro , Elena Koulidobrova , Kelly Elizabeth Wright
Essentialist categorizations of language users, such as native speaker, are widely used but lack empirical validity and reinforce social inequities. This article focuses on the nativeness construct, critically examining how its centrality in social-scientific research distorts scholarly inquiry, introduces bias in educational and clinical assessments, and perpetuates exclusion in academia. We argue that such labels impose artificial homogeneity, devalue linguistic diversity, and contribute to systemic biases in society. By reifying social divisions, essentialist categorizations can exclude marginalized groups, perpetuate linguistic discrimination, and hinder scientific progress. We advocate for a shift away from essentialist proxies and toward more contextually grounded and empirically driven characterizations of language use. A reflexive and interdisciplinary approach is necessary to dismantle these harmful frameworks and promote more accurate, inclusive, and equitable research. Our argument is relevant not just to the cognitive sciences, but to any scholarship which involves describing or understanding language. Ultimately, rejecting essentialist assumptions will lead to more nuanced understandings of language, identity, and social belonging, fostering both scientific and societal transformation by promoting justice and accuracy across social-scientific disciplines.
{"title":"Finding our ROLE: How and why to reframe essentialist approaches to language","authors":"Savithry Namboodiripad , Ethan Kutlu , Anna Babel , Molly Babel , Melissa Baese-Berk , Paras B. Bassuk , Adeli Block , Reinaldo Cabrera Pérez , Matthew T. Carlson , Sita Carraturo , Andrew Cheng , Lauretta S.P. Cheng , Philip Combiths , Ruthe Foushee , Anne Therese Frederiksen , Devin Grammon , Rachel Hayes-Harb , Eve Higby , Kelly Kendro , Elena Koulidobrova , Kelly Elizabeth Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2026.106444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2026.106444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essentialist categorizations of language users, such as <span>native speaker</span>, are widely used but lack empirical validity and reinforce social inequities. This article focuses on the <span>nativeness</span> construct, critically examining how its centrality in social-scientific research distorts scholarly inquiry, introduces bias in educational and clinical assessments, and perpetuates exclusion in academia. We argue that such labels impose artificial homogeneity, devalue linguistic diversity, and contribute to systemic biases in society. By reifying social divisions, essentialist categorizations can exclude marginalized groups, perpetuate linguistic discrimination, and hinder scientific progress. We advocate for a shift away from essentialist proxies and toward more contextually grounded and empirically driven characterizations of language use. A reflexive and interdisciplinary approach is necessary to dismantle these harmful frameworks and promote more accurate, inclusive, and equitable research. Our argument is relevant not just to the cognitive sciences, but to any scholarship which involves describing or understanding language. Ultimately, rejecting essentialist assumptions will lead to more nuanced understandings of language, identity, and social belonging, fostering both scientific and societal transformation by promoting justice and accuracy across social-scientific disciplines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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