Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118221
Xingyu Qi , Yuelong Ma , Yimo Zhao , Tao Pang , Shisheng Lin , Lili Lu , Guoxing Jiang , Dongbin Xue , Guilu Wang , Daqin Chen
Addressing thermal management and color quality challenges in solid-state lighting, this work pioneers a color-converter based on patterned phosphor-in-glass film (PiGF) sintered on a YAG:Ce transparent ceramic (TC). The composite alternating β-SiAlON:Eu and (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu PiGF striped on YAG:Ce TC exhibited exceptional photothermal performance: thermal conductivity reached 8.32 W/(m·K) and only 11.6 % luminescence intensity loss at 150 °C. Under a 450 nm LD excitation with the laser spot size of 850 μm, beam expansion ratios were 24 % for the YAG:0.35 at%Ce, and 84.11 % for the green-red PiGF (2:1 ratio). Combined with a 60 W blue LED chip, the color-converter realized a nature-white-light emission with LF of 3705 lm, CCT of 3852 K, and CRI of 91, respectively. By combining the converter with a 12 W blue LD, the obtained LE, CRI and CCT were 163 lm/W, 90.1 and 5092 K, respectively. The composite shows great promise as a novel color-converter for high-power LED/LD lighting applications.
{"title":"Novel color converters for full-spectrum high-power LED/LD: Patterned phosphor in glass film – ceramic composite","authors":"Xingyu Qi , Yuelong Ma , Yimo Zhao , Tao Pang , Shisheng Lin , Lili Lu , Guoxing Jiang , Dongbin Xue , Guilu Wang , Daqin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing thermal management and color quality challenges in solid-state lighting, this work pioneers a color-converter based on patterned phosphor-in-glass film (PiGF) sintered on a YAG:Ce transparent ceramic (TC). The composite alternating β-SiAlON:Eu and (Sr,Ca)AlSiN<sub>3</sub>:Eu PiGF striped on YAG:Ce TC exhibited exceptional photothermal performance: thermal conductivity reached 8.32 W/(m·K) and only 11.6 % luminescence intensity loss at 150 °C. Under a 450 nm LD excitation with the laser spot size of 850 μm, beam expansion ratios were 24 % for the YAG:0.35 at%Ce, and 84.11 % for the green-red PiGF (2:1 ratio). Combined with a 60 W blue LED chip, the color-converter realized a nature-white-light emission with LF of 3705 lm, CCT of 3852 K, and CRI of 91, respectively. By combining the converter with a 12 W blue LD, the obtained LE, CRI and CCT were 163 lm/W, 90.1 and 5092 K, respectively. The composite shows great promise as a novel color-converter for high-power LED/LD lighting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 9","pages":"Article 118221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118175
Yingze Li , Yao Yao , Rui Zhang , Mengdi Zhang , Jing Wang , Lei Zhao
Li-doping has been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of AgNbO3-based ceramics via promoting antiferroelectric/ferrielectric (AFE/FIE) to ferroelectric (FE) phase transition. In this work, the phase structure, FE properties and piezoelectric properties of (Ag1-xLix)NbO3 ceramics with x = 0.02–0.07 are investigated. (Ag1-xLix)NbO3 ceramics undergo a phase transition from FIE to FE phase as x increases from 0.02 to 0.07 with FIE phase at x = 0.02–0.04, a coexistence of AFE and FE phases at x = 0.05, and FE phase at x = 0.06–0.07 at room temperature. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) is 74 pC/N in (Ag0.94Li0.06)NbO3 ceramic, and increases to 92 pC/N at FE-AFE phase boundary. The relationship between d33 and phase structure is elucidated via temperature-dependent d33 and dielectric measurements. This work provides further insights into the tunable phase structures of AgNbO3-based ceramics and their potential applications in next-generation multi-sensing devices.
{"title":"Phase structure, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties in (Ag,Li)NbO3 ceramics","authors":"Yingze Li , Yao Yao , Rui Zhang , Mengdi Zhang , Jing Wang , Lei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Li-doping has been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of AgNbO<sub>3</sub>-based ceramics via promoting antiferroelectric/ferrielectric (AFE/FIE) to ferroelectric (FE) phase transition. In this work, the phase structure, FE properties and piezoelectric properties of (Ag<sub>1-<em>x</em></sub>Li<sub><em>x</em></sub>)NbO<sub>3</sub> ceramics with <em>x</em> = 0.02–0.07 are investigated. (Ag<sub>1-<em>x</em></sub>Li<sub><em>x</em></sub>)NbO<sub>3</sub> ceramics undergo a phase transition from FIE to FE phase as <em>x</em> increases from 0.02 to 0.07 with FIE phase at <em>x</em> = 0.02–0.04, a coexistence of AFE and FE phases at <em>x</em> = 0.05, and FE phase at <em>x</em> = 0.06–0.07 at room temperature. The piezoelectric coefficient (<em>d</em><sub>33</sub>) is 74 pC/N in (Ag<sub>0.94</sub>Li<sub>0.06</sub>)NbO<sub>3</sub> ceramic, and increases to 92 pC/N at FE-AFE phase boundary. The relationship between <em>d</em><sub>33</sub> and phase structure is elucidated via temperature-dependent <em>d</em><sub>33</sub> and dielectric measurements. This work provides further insights into the tunable phase structures of AgNbO<sub>3</sub>-based ceramics and their potential applications in next-generation multi-sensing devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 9","pages":"Article 118175"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118232
Wei Wang , Lei Zhao , Yewei Wu , Liangliang Liu , Songlin Ran , Xing Jin , Gang Wang
Reliable bonding of B4C-TiB2 ceramics was realized through a Ti/Ni/Ti composite interlayer and spark plasma sintering (SPS) processing. The formation of joint prepared at 1050 °C with holding times from 1 to 15 min were studied. The mechanical test showed that the room temperature shear strength for 1 min reached 108 ± 16 MPa, and the strength decreased significantly after holding for more than 5 min. The enhanced joint performance under short holding time originated from the effects of dispersion strengthening by TiB2 nanoparticles and interface strengthening through interlocking structure between TiB2 and Ni3Ti phase. Also, the coordinated NiTi / Ni3Ti layered configuration established a stress gradient transition zone that mitigated interfacial thermal mismatch stresses. However, over-elongated holding induced thickening of reaction layers, disrupting functional gradient integrity and consequently diminished mechanical strength.
{"title":"Microstructure and shear strength of B4C-TiB2 ceramics joined by spark plasma sintering with a Ti/Ni/Ti interlayer","authors":"Wei Wang , Lei Zhao , Yewei Wu , Liangliang Liu , Songlin Ran , Xing Jin , Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable bonding of B<sub>4</sub>C-TiB<sub>2</sub> ceramics was realized through a Ti/Ni/Ti composite interlayer and spark plasma sintering (SPS) processing. The formation of joint prepared at 1050 °C with holding times from 1 to 15 min were studied. The mechanical test showed that the room temperature shear strength for 1 min reached 108 ± 16 MPa, and the strength decreased significantly after holding for more than 5 min. The enhanced joint performance under short holding time originated from the effects of dispersion strengthening by TiB<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and interface strengthening through interlocking structure between TiB<sub>2</sub> and Ni<sub>3</sub>Ti phase. Also, the coordinated NiTi / Ni<sub>3</sub>Ti layered configuration established a stress gradient transition zone that mitigated interfacial thermal mismatch stresses. However, over-elongated holding induced thickening of reaction layers, disrupting functional gradient integrity and consequently diminished mechanical strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 9","pages":"Article 118232"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118228
Bola Yoon , Benjamin Groth , Marco C. Martinez , Trevor G. Aguirre , Amy M. Elliott , Corson L. Cramer
Atmosphere, temperature, and hold time were varied for silicon infiltrated binder jet 3D printed SiC preforms. A two-step infiltration process optimized infiltration. The first step at 1450 °C under vacuum facilitated improved wetting. The second step at elevated temperature in argon advanced infiltration while suppressing vaporization. Variation of the second-step temperature (1550–1750 °C) and hold time revealed that 1550 °C for 1 h in argon following initial vacuum treatment yielded the highest silicon uptake ratio (∼96 %) with minimal residual porosity and strengths of 150–180 MPa. Flexural strength was either stable or improved with elevated temperatures up to 1000°C. In contrast, higher temperatures or extended hold times led to increased silicon vaporization and pores. The optimized process was applied to formulations with extra carbon to enhance SiC content and interconnectedness through reaction bonding, which corresponded to increased flexural strength. These findings provide guidance for silicon infiltration in additively manufactured SiC.
{"title":"Influence of silicon infiltration conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties in binder jet 3D printed SiC","authors":"Bola Yoon , Benjamin Groth , Marco C. Martinez , Trevor G. Aguirre , Amy M. Elliott , Corson L. Cramer","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmosphere, temperature, and hold time were varied for silicon infiltrated binder jet 3D printed SiC preforms. A two-step infiltration process optimized infiltration. The first step at 1450 °C under vacuum facilitated improved wetting. The second step at elevated temperature in argon advanced infiltration while suppressing vaporization. Variation of the second-step temperature (1550–1750 °C) and hold time revealed that 1550 °C for 1 h in argon following initial vacuum treatment yielded the highest silicon uptake ratio (∼96 %) with minimal residual porosity and strengths of 150–180 MPa. Flexural strength was either stable or improved with elevated temperatures up to 1000°C. In contrast, higher temperatures or extended hold times led to increased silicon vaporization and pores. The optimized process was applied to formulations with extra carbon to enhance SiC content and interconnectedness through reaction bonding, which corresponded to increased flexural strength. These findings provide guidance for silicon infiltration in additively manufactured SiC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 9","pages":"Article 118228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanisms of novel metal-ceramic laminated composites. These materials were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of Ti3Al(Si)C2 MAX phase-filled preceramic papers with niobium, tantalum, or molybdenum foils (Me/TAC composites). The obtained composites exhibit a well-defined alternating layered structure with uniform metal and ceramic layers. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of ceramic layers consisting primarily of Ti3Al(Si)C2, with secondary phases of TiC and α-Al2O3. The key feature of the composites is the formation of complex, multi-layered reaction layers (RLs) at the metal/ceramic interfaces, whose thickness and phase composition are highly dependent on the metal used. The thickest RL (∼17 μm) was observed in Nb/TAC composites, followed by Mo/TAC (∼9.7 μm) and Ta/TAC (∼7 μm). Mechanical characterization reveals that the bending strength and fracture toughness are strongly influenced by the Me and the Me/TAC ratio. Despite significant interface delamination, the highest fracture toughness (∼16.5 MPa·m1/2) was obtained for Mo/TAC composites fabricated by stacking one layer of preceramic paper per one metal foil layer (Me/TAC ratio of 1/1). In contrast, Nb/TAC and Ta/TAC composites, which showed quasi-ductile behavior with pronounced plastic deformation of the metal layers without noticeable delamination of the interface, exhibited lower fracture toughness. The obtained results suggest that the mechanical properties of the laminated composites are determined not only by the properties of the Me layers, but also significantly depend on interfacial RLs and consequently on the resulting fracture mechanisms.
{"title":"Effect of Me layers (Nb, Ta, Mo) on interfacial behavior and mechanical properties of laminated metal-ceramic Me/MAX phase-based composites","authors":"Egor Kashkarov , Dmitriy Krotkevich , Anastasia Abdulmenova , Yulia Teryaeva , Zhenying Huang , Nahum Travitzky","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanisms of novel metal-ceramic laminated composites. These materials were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of Ti<sub>3</sub>Al(<em>Si</em>)C<sub>2</sub> MAX phase-filled preceramic papers with niobium, tantalum, or molybdenum foils (Me/TAC composites). The obtained composites exhibit a well-defined alternating layered structure with uniform metal and ceramic layers. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of ceramic layers consisting primarily of Ti<sub>3</sub>Al(<em>Si</em>)C<sub>2</sub>, with secondary phases of TiC and α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The key feature of the composites is the formation of complex, multi-layered reaction layers (RLs) at the metal/ceramic interfaces, whose thickness and phase composition are highly dependent on the metal used. The thickest RL (∼17 μm) was observed in Nb/TAC composites, followed by Mo/TAC (∼9.7 μm) and Ta/TAC (∼7 μm). Mechanical characterization reveals that the bending strength and fracture toughness are strongly influenced by the Me and the Me/TAC ratio. Despite significant interface delamination, the highest fracture toughness (∼16.5 MPa·m<sup>1/2</sup>) was obtained for Mo/TAC composites fabricated by stacking one layer of preceramic paper per one metal foil layer (Me/TAC ratio of 1/1). In contrast, Nb/TAC and Ta/TAC composites, which showed quasi-ductile behavior with pronounced plastic deformation of the metal layers without noticeable delamination of the interface, exhibited lower fracture toughness. The obtained results suggest that the mechanical properties of the laminated composites are determined not only by the properties of the Me layers, but also significantly depend on interfacial RLs and consequently on the resulting fracture mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107698
Runxing Zhou , Lei Chen , Zuming Liu , Yongxia Li , Dan Zou , Xulin Cheng , Yiming Chang , Peicheng Mo , Hanjing Lu
The advanced manufacturing industry has an urgent demand for WC–Co cemented carbide complex geometric parts with high-density and excellent mechanical properties prepared by additive manufacturing (AM). In this work, simulation-assisted material extrusion (MEX) AM was employed to prepare WC–6Ti(C, N)–10Co cemented carbides. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and phase-field simulation (PFS) were employed to optimize MEX AM processes including the printing and sintering processes, and then prepare the high-performance cemented carbides using the CFD and PFS results, which effectively shortened the production cycles and reduced the costs of AM cemented carbides. Based on the simulation results, the printed green bodies with free-defects were prepared using a printing temperature of 150 °C and a printing speed of 30 mm/s, and the high-performance WC–6Ti(C, N)–10Co cemented carbide with fine WC grains and a uniform microstructure were prepared by sintered at 1360 °C. The cemented carbide exhibited a relative density of 99.3%, an average WC grain size of 310.9 nm, and a 40 μm decarburization gradient layer. The Vickers hardness of the cemented carbides reached 1701 ± 57 HV30 at the cubic carbide free layer of the surface layer and 1787 ± 22 HV30 in the homogeneous cemented carbide in the interior, respectively. Meanwhile, the transverse rupture strength and fracture toughness were 2610 ± 32 MPa and 10.7 ± 0.23 MPa·m1/2, respectively, which were comparable with those of gradient cemented carbides prepared by powder metallurgy. This work provides important guidance for the development of high-performance cemented carbides by AM.
{"title":"Simulation-assisted material extrusion additive manufacturing of WC–6Ti(C, N)–10Co cemented carbides","authors":"Runxing Zhou , Lei Chen , Zuming Liu , Yongxia Li , Dan Zou , Xulin Cheng , Yiming Chang , Peicheng Mo , Hanjing Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advanced manufacturing industry has an urgent demand for WC–Co cemented carbide complex geometric parts with high-density and excellent mechanical properties prepared by additive manufacturing (AM). In this work, simulation-assisted material extrusion (MEX) AM was employed to prepare WC–6Ti(C, N)–10Co cemented carbides. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and phase-field simulation (PFS) were employed to optimize MEX AM processes including the printing and sintering processes, and then prepare the high-performance cemented carbides using the CFD and PFS results, which effectively shortened the production cycles and reduced the costs of AM cemented carbides. Based on the simulation results, the printed green bodies with free-defects were prepared using a printing temperature of 150 °C and a printing speed of 30 mm/s, and the high-performance WC–6Ti(C, N)–10Co cemented carbide with fine WC grains and a uniform microstructure were prepared by sintered at 1360 °C. The cemented carbide exhibited a relative density of 99.3%, an average WC grain size of 310.9 nm, and a 40 μm decarburization gradient layer. The Vickers hardness of the cemented carbides reached 1701 ± 57 HV<sub>30</sub> at the cubic carbide free layer of the surface layer and 1787 ± 22 HV<sub>30</sub> in the homogeneous cemented carbide in the interior, respectively. Meanwhile, the transverse rupture strength and fracture toughness were 2610 ± 32 MPa and 10.7 ± 0.23 MPa·m<sup>1/2</sup>, respectively, which were comparable with those of gradient cemented carbides prepared by powder metallurgy. This work provides important guidance for the development of high-performance cemented carbides by AM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107698"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107720
Zihang Chen , Zirui Liu , Kaihua Shi , Chaoqun Peng , Richu Wang , Xiaofeng Wang
Steel-bonded hardmetals, composites comprising hard ceramic phases within a steel matrix, offer excellent wear resistance crucial for demanding applications. However, using traditional processes to fabricate parts with complicated geometry continues to be difficult. This work shows that complex WC-316 L steel-bonded hardmetal components can be produced using vat photopolymerization (VPP) additive manufacturing. An acidic block copolymer dispersant (P5398, 3 wt%) was found to be the best option after a methodical optimization of the photocurable slurry. This resulted in a low viscosity of 4.79 Pa·s at 100 s−1 and improved stability for a 50 vol% solids loading slurry. Specimens were successfully created using optimized printing parameters (95% laser power, 1000 mm/s scan speed, 0.02 mm hatch spacing) and a customized thermal debinding-sintering profile. Samples from the 50% slurry had minimal surface roughness (Ra = 2.34 μm), a transverse rupture strength of 1173.07 MPa, a Vickers hardness of 794.41 HV, and a relative density of 97.3%. WC particles were uniformly distributed throughout the steel matrix, according to microstructural studies, which contributed to the improved mechanical qualities. This work bridges the gap between geometric freedom and material performance by establishing VPP as a practical and accurate manufacturing route for complexly formed, high-performance steel-bonded hardmetals.
{"title":"Vat photopolymerization of WC-316 L steel-bonded hardmetals with complex structures","authors":"Zihang Chen , Zirui Liu , Kaihua Shi , Chaoqun Peng , Richu Wang , Xiaofeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel-bonded hardmetals, composites comprising hard ceramic phases within a steel matrix, offer excellent wear resistance crucial for demanding applications. However, using traditional processes to fabricate parts with complicated geometry continues to be difficult. This work shows that complex WC-316 L steel-bonded hardmetal components can be produced using vat photopolymerization (VPP) additive manufacturing. An acidic block copolymer dispersant (P5398, 3 wt%) was found to be the best option after a methodical optimization of the photocurable slurry. This resulted in a low viscosity of 4.79 Pa·s at 100 s<sup>−1</sup> and improved stability for a 50 vol% solids loading slurry. Specimens were successfully created using optimized printing parameters (95% laser power, 1000 mm/s scan speed, 0.02 mm hatch spacing) and a customized thermal debinding-sintering profile. Samples from the 50% slurry had minimal surface roughness (Ra = 2.34 μm), a transverse rupture strength of 1173.07 MPa, a Vickers hardness of 794.41 HV, and a relative density of 97.3%. WC particles were uniformly distributed throughout the steel matrix, according to microstructural studies, which contributed to the improved mechanical qualities. This work bridges the gap between geometric freedom and material performance by establishing VPP as a practical and accurate manufacturing route for complexly formed, high-performance steel-bonded hardmetals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107706
M. Serra , R. Batista , L. Cabezas , N. Cinca , E. Tarrés , E. Jiménez-Piqué , L. Llanes
The partial substitution of tungsten carbide by cubic refractory ones (γ-phase) represents an accessibility-driven approach for the microstructural design of hard ceramic-metal composites, offering an alternative to WC-Co hardmetals by reducing dependence on tungsten as a critical raw material. However, successful implementation of this approach requires knowledge and deeper understanding of microstructural effects on mechanical integrity, beyond simple hardness – indentation fracture toughness correlations, for these γ-phase containing- WC-Co cemented carbides. In this study, a systematic and detailed investigation addressing the influence of γ-phase carbides – as third phase – on crack growth resistance of WC-Co hardmetals, under monotonic and cyclic loading, is conducted. Materials studied include two γ-phase containing grades with submicron and fine grain sizes, as well as two reference WC-Co systems with matching microstructural features. Fatigue crack growth behavior and fracture toughness are assessed by testing through-thickness pre-cracked specimens. The mechanical study is complemented by an extensive characterization of cracking paths and fractographic features. Independent of microstructural assemblage, crack propagation under variable loading is found to be dominated by static failure modes rather than pure cyclic ones. Meanwhile, quantitative analysis of crack-microstructure interactions reveals an increased frequency of transgranular cracking through the γ-phase carbides in both submicron- and fine-grained grades. This is more pronounced in the former, significantly reducing the relative prominence of binder-related crack paths. Hence, despite exhibiting higher crack growth rates, the submicron-grained three-phase cemented carbide is found to have a lower fatigue sensitivity relative to its reference counterpart. This behavior reflects a microstructure-dependent trade-off and should be interpreted within a tailored application framework. However, such behavior is not kept as microstructure gets coarser, because this yields higher and lower proportions of ductile binder fracture and transgranular crack paths within γ-phase carbides, respectively. Nanoindentation measurements revealed significant differences in hardness and modulus between WC, γ-phase and binder regions, further validating the observed failure micromechanisms. The experimental findings and their corresponding analysis underscore the critical influence of microstructural assemblage — particularly the contiguity and distribution of the γ-phase carbides — in controlling fracture and fatigue behavior in multielement cemented carbide systems.
{"title":"Microstructural effects on the fatigue crack growth behavior of γ-phase containing WC-Co cemented carbides: Mechanics, mechanisms and fatigue sensitivity","authors":"M. Serra , R. Batista , L. Cabezas , N. Cinca , E. Tarrés , E. Jiménez-Piqué , L. Llanes","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The partial substitution of tungsten carbide by cubic refractory ones (γ-phase) represents an accessibility-driven approach for the microstructural design of hard ceramic-metal composites, offering an alternative to WC-Co hardmetals by reducing dependence on tungsten as a critical raw material. However, successful implementation of this approach requires knowledge and deeper understanding of microstructural effects on mechanical integrity, beyond simple hardness – indentation fracture toughness correlations, for these γ-phase containing- WC-Co cemented carbides. In this study, a systematic and detailed investigation addressing the influence of γ-phase carbides – as third phase – on crack growth resistance of WC-Co hardmetals, under monotonic and cyclic loading, is conducted. Materials studied include two γ-phase containing grades with submicron and fine grain sizes, as well as two reference WC-Co systems with matching microstructural features. Fatigue crack growth behavior and fracture toughness are assessed by testing through-thickness pre-cracked specimens. The mechanical study is complemented by an extensive characterization of cracking paths and fractographic features. Independent of microstructural assemblage, crack propagation under variable loading is found to be dominated by static failure modes rather than pure cyclic ones. Meanwhile, quantitative analysis of crack-microstructure interactions reveals an increased frequency of transgranular cracking through the γ-phase carbides in both submicron- and fine-grained grades. This is more pronounced in the former, significantly reducing the relative prominence of binder-related crack paths. Hence, despite exhibiting higher crack growth rates, the submicron-grained three-phase cemented carbide is found to have a lower fatigue sensitivity relative to its reference counterpart. This behavior reflects a microstructure-dependent trade-off and should be interpreted within a tailored application framework. However, such behavior is not kept as microstructure gets coarser, because this yields higher and lower proportions of ductile binder fracture and transgranular crack paths within γ-phase carbides, respectively. Nanoindentation measurements revealed significant differences in hardness and modulus between WC, γ-phase and binder regions, further validating the observed failure micromechanisms. The experimental findings and their corresponding analysis underscore the critical influence of microstructural assemblage — particularly the contiguity and distribution of the γ-phase carbides — in controlling fracture and fatigue behavior in multielement cemented carbide systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118203
Yueying Yin , Zemin Liu , Diansen Li , Lei Jiang , Stepan V. Lomov , Frederik Desplentere
This study systematically investigates the evolution of bending properties and damage mechanisms of three-dimensional angle-interlock woven alumina/mullite ceramic matrix composites (3DAW Al₂O₃-CMCs) under room-temperature (RT) and various high-temperature environments. The experimental temperature range was set from RT to 1200°C. The results indicate that the bending properties of 3DAW Al₂O₃-CMCs exhibit a non-monotonic temperature dependence, initially increasing before decreasing, with optimal performance observed at 1000°C where the maximum bending strength and bending modulus reach 128 MPa and 15.20 GPa, respectively. The damage mechanism shifts with increasing temperature: from localized fiber fracture and matrix cracking, to ductile fracture characterized by matrix softening and enhanced interfacial bonding, and finally to the state of matrix degradation coupled with fiber bundles collapse.
{"title":"Effect of temperature on bending mechanical behavior of 3D angle-interlock woven Al₂O₃/mullite ceramic matrix composites","authors":"Yueying Yin , Zemin Liu , Diansen Li , Lei Jiang , Stepan V. Lomov , Frederik Desplentere","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the evolution of bending properties and damage mechanisms of three-dimensional angle-interlock woven alumina/mullite ceramic matrix composites (3DAW Al₂O₃-CMCs) under room-temperature (RT) and various high-temperature environments. The experimental temperature range was set from RT to 1200°C. The results indicate that the bending properties of 3DAW Al₂O₃-CMCs exhibit a non-monotonic temperature dependence, initially increasing before decreasing, with optimal performance observed at 1000°C where the maximum bending strength and bending modulus reach 128 MPa and 15.20 GPa, respectively. The damage mechanism shifts with increasing temperature: from localized fiber fracture and matrix cracking, to ductile fracture characterized by matrix softening and enhanced interfacial bonding, and finally to the state of matrix degradation coupled with fiber bundles collapse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 9","pages":"Article 118203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118233
Longjiao Pu, Guangda Guo, Zeshui Xu, Fang Ye, Laifei Cheng
Severe performance degradation of SiCf/SiC composites in high-temperature water-oxygen environments of aircraft engines critically limits their engineering applications. This study addresses the challenge by synthesizing a four-component rare-earth disilicate solid solution (4RE0.25)2Si2O7 (RE = Yb, Y, Lu, Tm) via solid-state reaction and fabricating SiCf/SiC-(4RE0.25)2Si2O7 composites with multilayered matrix structure using combined chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), slurry impregnation (SI), and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) processes. The results demonstrate that (4RE0.25)2Si2O7 exhibits a β-phase monoclinic structure with homogeneous rare-earth distribution at the microscale, exhibiting exceptional thermal stability and a thermal expansion coefficient matching that of the SiC matrix. During static water-oxygen corrosion at 1400 °C, the (4RE0.25)2Si2O7 phase develops a continuous barrier layer through grain growth and interconnection, effectively suppressing the diffusion of corrosive species. After 50 h of corrosion, the composites retain 88.82 % of their initial flexural strength, representing a 20 % improvement compared to the unmodified composites.
SiCf/SiC复合材料在航空发动机高温水氧环境下的严重性能退化严重限制了其工程应用。本研究通过固相反应合成了四组分稀土二硅酸固溶体（4RE0.25）2Si2O7 (RE = Yb， Y, Lu, Tm)，并采用化学气相渗透（CVI）、浆料浸渍（SI）和聚合物渗透热解（PIP）相结合的工艺制备了具有多层基体结构的SiCf/SiC-(4RE0.25)2Si2O7复合材料。结果表明，（4RE0.25）2Si2O7在微观尺度上表现为稀土分布均匀的β相单斜结构，具有优异的热稳定性和与SiC基体相匹配的热膨胀系数。在1400℃的静态水-氧腐蚀过程中，（4RE0.25）2Si2O7相通过晶粒生长和相互连接形成一个连续的阻挡层，有效抑制了腐蚀物质的扩散。经过50 h的腐蚀后，复合材料保持了其初始抗弯强度的88.82% %，与未改性的复合材料相比，提高了20% %。
{"title":"Enhanced water-oxygen corrosion resistance of SiCf/SiC composites modified by novel rare-earth disilicate (4RE0.25)2Si2O7","authors":"Longjiao Pu, Guangda Guo, Zeshui Xu, Fang Ye, Laifei Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe performance degradation of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites in high-temperature water-oxygen environments of aircraft engines critically limits their engineering applications. This study addresses the challenge by synthesizing a four-component rare-earth disilicate solid solution (4RE<sub>0.25</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (RE = Yb, Y, Lu, Tm) via solid-state reaction and fabricating SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC-(4RE<sub>0.25</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> composites with multilayered matrix structure using combined chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), slurry impregnation (SI), and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) processes. The results demonstrate that (4RE<sub>0.25</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> exhibits a β-phase monoclinic structure with homogeneous rare-earth distribution at the microscale, exhibiting exceptional thermal stability and a thermal expansion coefficient matching that of the SiC matrix. During static water-oxygen corrosion at 1400 °C, the (4RE<sub>0.25</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> phase develops a continuous barrier layer through grain growth and interconnection, effectively suppressing the diffusion of corrosive species. After 50 h of corrosion, the composites retain 88.82 % of their initial flexural strength, representing a 20 % improvement compared to the unmodified composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 9","pages":"Article 118233"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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