Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.068
Fan Bu, Yaojun Zhang, Jiahao Ma, Yaoqing Zhang, Jun Wang, Yixuan He
A systematic understanding of the effect of magnetic field intensity on the liquid state-dependent solidification of a Co-B hypereutectic alloy was carried out. The application of a magnetic field promotes nucleation, as evidenced by the reduction in undercooling, and the extent of the reduction is proportional to the intensity of the magnetic field. Nevertheless, for different liquid states, the magnetic field has dissimilar impacts on facilitating nucleation, manifested in the low-temperature liquid is more affected by the magnetic field, and the enhancing effect is more significant. A pre-nucleation model, modified from classical nucleation theory to include clusters as nucleation precursors, has been developed to describe the phenomena of liquid state-dependent nucleation. The model adeptly elucidates how the magnetic field intensity influences the nucleation of diverse melt structures differently, which is primarily attributed to the varying contact angles resulting from differences in surface tension as the magnetic field interacts with distinct melt structures. The present work might be helpful for not only theoretically understanding the effect of magnetic field intensity on the liquid state-dependent solidification but also providing an alternative strategy and criterion to tailor the microstructure and properties via magnetic field.
{"title":"Effect of magnetic field intensity on the liquid state-dependent solidification of a Co-B hypereutectic alloy: Experiments and modeling","authors":"Fan Bu, Yaojun Zhang, Jiahao Ma, Yaoqing Zhang, Jun Wang, Yixuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.068","url":null,"abstract":"A systematic understanding of the effect of magnetic field intensity on the liquid state-dependent solidification of a Co-B hypereutectic alloy was carried out. The application of a magnetic field promotes nucleation, as evidenced by the reduction in undercooling, and the extent of the reduction is proportional to the intensity of the magnetic field. Nevertheless, for different liquid states, the magnetic field has dissimilar impacts on facilitating nucleation, manifested in the low-temperature liquid is more affected by the magnetic field, and the enhancing effect is more significant. A pre-nucleation model, modified from classical nucleation theory to include clusters as nucleation precursors, has been developed to describe the phenomena of liquid state-dependent nucleation. The model adeptly elucidates how the magnetic field intensity influences the nucleation of diverse melt structures differently, which is primarily attributed to the varying contact angles resulting from differences in surface tension as the magnetic field interacts with distinct melt structures. The present work might be helpful for not only theoretically understanding the effect of magnetic field intensity on the liquid state-dependent solidification but also providing an alternative strategy and criterion to tailor the microstructure and properties via magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan‐Jie Wang, Jia‐Yu Ni, Fan Gao, Chunyan Cui, Ziyang Xu, Si Yu Zheng, Hanshu Sun, Yang He, Yiping Zhao, Zi Liang Wu, Wenguang Liu, Li Chen
In contrast to small molecules, macromolecules exhibit distinctive characteristics due to their higher potential energy (EP). These include elevated viscosity, enhanced tensile strength, cohesiveness, and stability. The EP of macromolecules can be modulated through the design of side groups, but this approach may also alter chemical properties. This study introduces an α‐methylation strategy that significantly enhances EP without modifying the structure of these side groups. This increase in EP induces a transition in the rheological behavior of polymer systems from a rubbery to a glassy state. Concurrently, it improves hygrothermal tolerance without changing dynamic bond groups. The application of this ultra‐high EP strategy results in substantial enhancements in traditional acrylic adhesives: a 1500% increase in adhesion strength and a 33200% rise in adhesion modulus when exposed to hot water. Polymer is endowed with a shape memory function due to ultra‐high EP. With the dual interface locking of this function, the adhesion strength can be increased by 70%. This ultra‐high EP strategy provides a possible explanation for the origin of vitrification in polymeric systems.
{"title":"A Polymer System with Ultra‐High Molecular Potential Energy","authors":"Yan‐Jie Wang, Jia‐Yu Ni, Fan Gao, Chunyan Cui, Ziyang Xu, Si Yu Zheng, Hanshu Sun, Yang He, Yiping Zhao, Zi Liang Wu, Wenguang Liu, Li Chen","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202505125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202505125","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to small molecules, macromolecules exhibit distinctive characteristics due to their higher potential energy (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>P</jats:sub>). These include elevated viscosity, enhanced tensile strength, cohesiveness, and stability. The <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>P</jats:sub> of macromolecules can be modulated through the design of side groups, but this approach may also alter chemical properties. This study introduces an α‐methylation strategy that significantly enhances <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>P</jats:sub> without modifying the structure of these side groups. This increase in <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>P</jats:sub> induces a transition in the rheological behavior of polymer systems from a rubbery to a glassy state. Concurrently, it improves hygrothermal tolerance without changing dynamic bond groups. The application of this ultra‐high <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>P</jats:sub> strategy results in substantial enhancements in traditional acrylic adhesives: a 1500% increase in adhesion strength and a 33200% rise in adhesion modulus when exposed to hot water. Polymer is endowed with a shape memory function due to ultra‐high <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>P</jats:sub>. With the dual interface locking of this function, the adhesion strength can be increased by 70%. This ultra‐high <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>P</jats:sub> strategy provides a possible explanation for the origin of vitrification in polymeric systems.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread popularization of electric vehicles and portable electronics gives rise to the concomitant surge of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Considering the resource shortage and environmental concerns, recycling degraded cathode materials is highly desirable to ensure the sustainable development of the whole LIBs industry. To this end, a facile LiBr-LiOH eutectic molten salt strategy is proposed for direct regeneration of highly degraded polycrystalline LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (denoted as D-NCM622), which enables efficient renovation of the nonstoichiometric composition and damaged crystal structure in D-NCM622, including full Li-supplement, complete restoration from rock salt/spinel phases to the original layered structure, suppressive cation disorder, and reconstructed single-crystalline nature. Benefiting from these favorable structural characteristics, the regenerated cathodes (R-NCM622) exhibit significantly enhanced electrochemical performance relative to D-NCM622, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 174.0 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, capacity retention of 82.5% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, and excellent rate performance (136.7 mAh g−1 at 5 C), which is comparable to the fresh commercial NCM622 (C-NCM622). More significantly, the current regeneration route possesses the incomparable advantages in economic benefit and environmental impact compared to conventional recycling routes based on techno-economic analysis, ensuring sustainable recycling from highly degraded cathode materials.
{"title":"Direct regeneration of highly degraded LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 to high-performance single-crystalline cathodes","authors":"Zhenzhen Liu, Zongkun Bian, Heng Zhang, Xi Wu, Zhen Fu, Haimin Zhang, Guozhong Wang, Yunxia Zhang, Huijun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104240","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread popularization of electric vehicles and portable electronics gives rise to the concomitant surge of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Considering the resource shortage and environmental concerns, recycling degraded cathode materials is highly desirable to ensure the sustainable development of the whole LIBs industry. To this end, a facile LiBr-LiOH eutectic molten salt strategy is proposed for direct regeneration of highly degraded polycrystalline LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (denoted as D-NCM622), which enables efficient renovation of the nonstoichiometric composition and damaged crystal structure in D-NCM622, including full Li-supplement, complete restoration from rock salt/spinel phases to the original layered structure, suppressive cation disorder, and reconstructed single-crystalline nature. Benefiting from these favorable structural characteristics, the regenerated cathodes (R-NCM622) exhibit significantly enhanced electrochemical performance relative to D-NCM622, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 174.0 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2 C, capacity retention of 82.5% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, and excellent rate performance (136.7 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 C), which is comparable to the fresh commercial NCM622 (C-NCM622). More significantly, the current regeneration route possesses the incomparable advantages in economic benefit and environmental impact compared to conventional recycling routes based on techno-economic analysis, ensuring sustainable recycling from highly degraded cathode materials.","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improving traditional multi-network hydrogels by introducing a low-density rigid filler network to optimize a single ionic conductivity and overcome the limited electromagnetic properties to produce electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding hydrogels is a pioneering challenge. Drawing inspiration from the neural network, this research introduces a novel triple-network (TN) hydrogel. The single-layer graphenes (SGs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) mimic the conductive channels similar to neurons and axons/dendrites, respectively, and assist the dispersion-lap-fixation process of the filler by carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) and polyacrylamide (PAM). This collaborative assembly of SGs-CNTs, coupled with the presence of water molecules, imparts SGs-CNTs/CCS/PAM (SCCP) hydrogel with exceptional EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) across the 8.2–26.5 GHz range (X, Ku, and K bands), reaching SE of 42.31, 50.20, and 60.78 dB, respectively. Moreover, the photothermal properties of SGs-CNTs enable CCS/PAM to heal sections efficiently and recover electromagnetic properties when exposed to near-infrared (NIR) light. SCCP also boasts a significant depression of the freezing point to −43 °C, achieved through the hydration of LiCl. Boasting diversified manufacturing, self-healing properties, and exceptional environmental durability, SCCP stands out as an ideal candidate for EMI shielding and shows excellent potential for multifunctional applications in flexible electronics.
{"title":"SGs-CNTs/PAM/CCS Triple Network Hydrogel: Neural Architecture Inspired for Broadband EMI Shielding and Environmental Resilience","authors":"Jingzong He, Zhengkun Ma, Shilin Liu, Yonggen Lu, Qilin Wu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202507404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202507404","url":null,"abstract":"Improving traditional multi-network hydrogels by introducing a low-density rigid filler network to optimize a single ionic conductivity and overcome the limited electromagnetic properties to produce electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding hydrogels is a pioneering challenge. Drawing inspiration from the neural network, this research introduces a novel triple-network (TN) hydrogel. The single-layer graphenes (SGs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) mimic the conductive channels similar to neurons and axons/dendrites, respectively, and assist the dispersion-lap-fixation process of the filler by carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) and polyacrylamide (PAM). This collaborative assembly of SGs-CNTs, coupled with the presence of water molecules, imparts SGs-CNTs/CCS/PAM (SCCP) hydrogel with exceptional EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) across the 8.2–26.5 GHz range (X, Ku, and K bands), reaching SE of 42.31, 50.20, and 60.78 dB, respectively. Moreover, the photothermal properties of SGs-CNTs enable CCS/PAM to heal sections efficiently and recover electromagnetic properties when exposed to near-infrared (NIR) light. SCCP also boasts a significant depression of the freezing point to −43 °C, achieved through the hydration of LiCl. Boasting diversified manufacturing, self-healing properties, and exceptional environmental durability, SCCP stands out as an ideal candidate for EMI shielding and shows excellent potential for multifunctional applications in flexible electronics.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facing the exhausting of fossil fuel and the objective of carbon neutrality, electrocatalytic processes can convert natural wind, solar, or tidal energy into chemical energy through hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and other reactions. Clearly, efficient electrocatalysts are the key to achieving the green energy with a low carbon footprint and the high value-added products. A remarkable electrocatalyst should possess abundant surface active sites, superb intrinsic activity, effective carrier transport performance, and stable functionality in electrolytes with hash pH value for enhanced energy conversion efficiency. In this review, we summarized the routes of construction of efficient active sites at the surface of electrocatalysts in the reported literatures, and concluded the positive correlations between the intrinsic activity of active sites and the unsaturated coordinated electronic structure of them. Taking the electrochemical hydrolysis (HER/OER) as the examples, various reported electrocatalysts were listed to illustrate this kind of positive correlations based on the structure and mechanisms research during HER/OER processes in acidic or basic environments. The theoretical investigation results were intercompared to verify the positive relationship of the active sites and the unsaturated coordinated sites through whose interaction with hydrolysis intermediates, as well as the charge and mass transfer dynamics. Finally, we discussed some of the challenges that lie ahead in the development of efficient transition metal-based electrocatalysts and the related mechanistic studies. This work will provide some guidelines for the design and preparation of electrocatalysts with a high level of intrinsic activity.
{"title":"The Role of Unsaturated Coordinated Sites of Electrocatalysts in Electrochemical Energy Conversion:A Review","authors":"Liqi Wang, Kexin Sun, Mingzhi Hu, Bingyan Xu, Yuqi Yang, Zexin Li, Junyi Zhang, Chao Wang, Ziheng Tang, Yuxi Chen, Qi Zhang, Jihui Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180225","url":null,"abstract":"Facing the exhausting of fossil fuel and the objective of carbon neutrality, electrocatalytic processes can convert natural wind, solar, or tidal energy into chemical energy through hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and other reactions. Clearly, efficient electrocatalysts are the key to achieving the green energy with a low carbon footprint and the high value-added products. A remarkable electrocatalyst should possess abundant surface active sites, superb intrinsic activity, effective carrier transport performance, and stable functionality in electrolytes with hash pH value for enhanced energy conversion efficiency. In this review, we summarized the routes of construction of efficient active sites at the surface of electrocatalysts in the reported literatures, and concluded the positive correlations between the intrinsic activity of active sites and the unsaturated coordinated electronic structure of them. Taking the electrochemical hydrolysis (HER/OER) as the examples, various reported electrocatalysts were listed to illustrate this kind of positive correlations based on the structure and mechanisms research during HER/OER processes in acidic or basic environments. The theoretical investigation results were intercompared to verify the positive relationship of the active sites and the unsaturated coordinated sites through whose interaction with hydrolysis intermediates, as well as the charge and mass transfer dynamics. Finally, we discussed some of the challenges that lie ahead in the development of efficient transition metal-based electrocatalysts and the related mechanistic studies. This work will provide some guidelines for the design and preparation of electrocatalysts with a high level of intrinsic activity.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104236
Caiping Zhang, Jinyu Wang, Linjing Zhang, Weige Zhang, Tao Zhu, Xiao-Guang Yang, Andrew Cruden
Accurately estimating the state of health (SOH) of in-vehicle batteries is critical for advancing electric vehicle (EV) technology. However, higher charging rates and more complex driving conditions have posed major challenges, with significant variations from vehicle-to-vehicle and cycle-to-cycle. In this study, we developed a SOH estimation framework to monitor battery capacity degradation, in EVs with multi-step constant-current fast charging and voltage balancing technology. The framework employs a customized data window approach, informed by a thorough analysis of EV charging behavior, and extracts hierarchical features from vehicle-, pack- and cell-levels for tracking battery aging. We collected real-world charging data from 300 pure EVs over 1.5 years, resulting in 193,180 samples for validation. The best-performing machine learning models achieved an absolute error of less than 2% for 93.7% of samples, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.05%, and a maximum error of only 3.73% whilst using only 30% data for training. Our analysis indicates that the proposed model can be effectively developed without the need to pre-select vehicles based on specific driving habits or operating conditions. Notably, reliable and accurate estimations were produced using data from just one vehicle, achieving an RMSE of 1.82%. Our results highlight the potential of user behavior-assisted feature engineering to decode battery pack aging under dynamically changing vehicle profiles. This work underscores the promise of developing accurate SOH estimation modules for battery management systems using minimal vehicle data.
{"title":"Decoding Battery Aging in Fast-Charging Electric Vehicles: An Advanced SOH Estimation Framework Using Real-World Field Data","authors":"Caiping Zhang, Jinyu Wang, Linjing Zhang, Weige Zhang, Tao Zhu, Xiao-Guang Yang, Andrew Cruden","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104236","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately estimating the state of health (SOH) of in-vehicle batteries is critical for advancing electric vehicle (EV) technology. However, higher charging rates and more complex driving conditions have posed major challenges, with significant variations from vehicle-to-vehicle and cycle-to-cycle. In this study, we developed a SOH estimation framework to monitor battery capacity degradation, in EVs with multi-step constant-current fast charging and voltage balancing technology. The framework employs a customized data window approach, informed by a thorough analysis of EV charging behavior, and extracts hierarchical features from vehicle-, pack- and cell-levels for tracking battery aging. We collected real-world charging data from 300 pure EVs over 1.5 years, resulting in 193,180 samples for validation. The best-performing machine learning models achieved an absolute error of less than 2% for 93.7% of samples, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.05%, and a maximum error of only 3.73% whilst using only 30% data for training. Our analysis indicates that the proposed model can be effectively developed without the need to pre-select vehicles based on specific driving habits or operating conditions. Notably, reliable and accurate estimations were produced using data from just one vehicle, achieving an RMSE of 1.82%. Our results highlight the potential of user behavior-assisted feature engineering to decode battery pack aging under dynamically changing vehicle profiles. This work underscores the promise of developing accurate SOH estimation modules for battery management systems using minimal vehicle data.","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104234
Pan Luo, Ying Zhang, Jialin Song, Xing Li, Qiu Chen, Qinghua Yang, Li Liao, Haoyi Yang, Mingshan Wang, Zhengzhong Yang, David Mitlin
Fluorine-rich electrolytes hold promise to significantly enhance the energy and the safety of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, they generate acidic species, especially when lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is used as the lithium salt. This critical issue impedes their wide-scale utilization but has to date received minimum analysis. Herein, we reveal the mechanisms behind the exacerbation of HF generation in LiPF6-based all-fluorinated electrolytes and propose a universally applicable mitigation strategy. The screened additive Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate (TMSPa) reacts with HF and stabilizes PF5, preventing its further hydrolysis and thereby effectively reducing the HF content in fluorine-rich electrolytes. TMSPa contributes to preferentially form a conductive and protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), suppressing interface parasitic reactions and ensuring the structural integrity of electrode materials throughout battery cycling. The all-fluorinated electrolytes developed in this work with the addition of TMSPa (AFE-TMSPa) demonstrates a wide electrochemical window (4.6 V), high-temperature stability (up to 55°C), and enhanced safety for LMBs (flame-retardant and dendrite-suppressing). A Li metal pouch cell (7.2 Ah) employing AFE-TMSPa (NCM811 double sided cathode with a mass loading of 80.72 mg/cm2), and lean electrolytes at 1.23 g Ah−1, achieves an energy density of 572 Wh kg−1 at a 0.1 C rate. In a Li||NCM811 coin cell with a 50 µm thick Li-metal anode and a high-loading NCM811 cathode (19.8 mg cm−2, 3.96 mAh cm−2), the system supports 160 stable cycles with a capacity retention of 89% at a 0.2 C charge and 0.5 C discharge rate.
{"title":"Understanding and Mitigating Acidic Species in All-Fluorinated Electrolytes for a Stable 572 Wh/kg Lithium Metal Battery (LMB)","authors":"Pan Luo, Ying Zhang, Jialin Song, Xing Li, Qiu Chen, Qinghua Yang, Li Liao, Haoyi Yang, Mingshan Wang, Zhengzhong Yang, David Mitlin","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104234","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorine-rich electrolytes hold promise to significantly enhance the energy and the safety of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, they generate acidic species, especially when lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF<sub>6</sub>) is used as the lithium salt. This critical issue impedes their wide-scale utilization but has to date received minimum analysis. Herein, we reveal the mechanisms behind the exacerbation of HF generation in LiPF<sub>6</sub>-based all-fluorinated electrolytes and propose a universally applicable mitigation strategy. The screened additive Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate (TMSPa) reacts with HF and stabilizes PF<sub>5</sub>, preventing its further hydrolysis and thereby effectively reducing the HF content in fluorine-rich electrolytes. TMSPa contributes to preferentially form a conductive and protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), suppressing interface parasitic reactions and ensuring the structural integrity of electrode materials throughout battery cycling. The all-fluorinated electrolytes developed in this work with the addition of TMSPa (AFE-TMSPa) demonstrates a wide electrochemical window (4.6 V), high-temperature stability (up to 55°C), and enhanced safety for LMBs (flame-retardant and dendrite-suppressing). A Li metal pouch cell (7.2 Ah) employing AFE-TMSPa (NCM811 double sided cathode with a mass loading of 80.72 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>), and lean electrolytes at 1.23 g Ah<sup>−1</sup>, achieves an energy density of 572 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a 0.1 C rate. In a Li||NCM811 coin cell with a 50 µm thick Li-metal anode and a high-loading NCM811 cathode (19.8 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>, 3.96 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>), the system supports 160 stable cycles with a capacity retention of 89% at a 0.2 C charge and 0.5 C discharge rate.","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163092
Lin Wang, Haili Huang, Dongdong Zhang, Hung-Chun Wu, Meiling Li, Huilin Hou, Weiyou Yang, Xuhui Yu, Zonghua Wang
Triethylamine (TEA) is a typically volatile organic compound that poses significant environmental and health risks, due to its high toxicity and volatility. Currently, the exploration of TEA sensors based on semiconductor ZnO is still suffered by their intrinsically low sensitivity, slow response/recovery times, and poor selectivity. Herein, we develop the highly-sensitive TEA sensors based on rationally-designed Co3O4/ZnO p-n heterojunctions, in which the clustered Co3O4 are incorporated into porous ZnO nanosheets. As a result, at the given operating temperature of 260 °C, the as-constructed sensors exhibit an overall enhanced performance with an excellent response of 140.5 to 100 ppm TEA, swift response/recovery times of 6/60 s and high selectivity, representing their promise toward practical applications in advanced TEA sensors.
{"title":"Highly sensitive Triethylamine sensors Enabled by Co3O4/ZnO p-n heterojunctions","authors":"Lin Wang, Haili Huang, Dongdong Zhang, Hung-Chun Wu, Meiling Li, Huilin Hou, Weiyou Yang, Xuhui Yu, Zonghua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163092","url":null,"abstract":"Triethylamine (TEA) is a typically volatile organic compound that poses significant environmental and health risks, due to its high toxicity and volatility. Currently, the exploration of TEA sensors based on semiconductor ZnO is still suffered by their intrinsically low sensitivity, slow response/recovery times, and poor selectivity. Herein, we develop the highly-sensitive TEA sensors based on rationally-designed Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/ZnO <em>p-n</em> heterojunctions, in which the clustered Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> are incorporated into porous ZnO nanosheets. As a result, at the given operating temperature of 260 °C, the as-constructed sensors exhibit an overall enhanced performance with an excellent response of 140.5 to 100 ppm TEA, swift response/recovery times of 6/60 s and high selectivity, representing their promise toward practical applications in advanced TEA sensors.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinting Feng, Zhiwen Luo, Wei Zhang, Renwen Wan, Yisheng Chen, Fangqi Li, Yanwei He, Zhiheng Lin, James Hoipo Hui, João Conde, Shiyi Chen, Zhijie Zhao, Xianwen Wang
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a severe condition in which the loss of skeletal muscle surpasses the body's intrinsic repair capabilities, leading to irreversible functional deficits and potential disability, with persistent inflammation and impaired myogenic differentiation. To address these challenges, a novel zinc‐dihydromyricetin (Zn‐DHM) nanozyme with superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity is developed, designed to neutralize excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restore oxidative balance. Zn‐DHM mitigates oxidative stress and promotes polarization of macrophages from the proinflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, thereby reducing chronic inflammation and creating a conducive environment for muscle repair. Further, Zn‐DHM significantly enhances the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells, accelerating wound healing processes. These studies confirm the biosafety and low toxicity of Zn‐DHM. As per a murine tibialis anterior VML model, Zn‐DHM effectively suppresses inflammation and markedly improves skeletal muscle repair outcomes. Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals that Zn‐DHM treatment increases the expression of M2 macrophage markers and enhances the proliferation and differentiation capacity of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). In addition, intercellular communication analysis reveals interactions between MuSCs and macrophages in the Zn‐DHM treatment group, suggesting that these interactions may drive tissue regeneration through the activation of the GAS and Notch signaling pathways.
{"title":"Zn‐DHM Nanozymes Enhance Muscle Regeneration Through ROS Scavenging and Macrophage Polarization in Volumetric Muscle Loss Revealed by Single‐Cell Profiling","authors":"Xinting Feng, Zhiwen Luo, Wei Zhang, Renwen Wan, Yisheng Chen, Fangqi Li, Yanwei He, Zhiheng Lin, James Hoipo Hui, João Conde, Shiyi Chen, Zhijie Zhao, Xianwen Wang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202506476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202506476","url":null,"abstract":"Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a severe condition in which the loss of skeletal muscle surpasses the body's intrinsic repair capabilities, leading to irreversible functional deficits and potential disability, with persistent inflammation and impaired myogenic differentiation. To address these challenges, a novel zinc‐dihydromyricetin (Zn‐DHM) nanozyme with superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity is developed, designed to neutralize excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restore oxidative balance. Zn‐DHM mitigates oxidative stress and promotes polarization of macrophages from the proinflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, thereby reducing chronic inflammation and creating a conducive environment for muscle repair. Further, Zn‐DHM significantly enhances the myogenic differentiation of C<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>C<jats:sub>12</jats:sub> cells, accelerating wound healing processes. These studies confirm the biosafety and low toxicity of Zn‐DHM. As per a murine tibialis anterior VML model, Zn‐DHM effectively suppresses inflammation and markedly improves skeletal muscle repair outcomes. Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals that Zn‐DHM treatment increases the expression of M2 macrophage markers and enhances the proliferation and differentiation capacity of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). In addition, intercellular communication analysis reveals interactions between MuSCs and macrophages in the Zn‐DHM treatment group, suggesting that these interactions may drive tissue regeneration through the activation of the GAS and Notch signaling pathways.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The low ductility and strong mechanical anisotropy of wrought magnesium alloys have hindered their further processing and application. In this study, AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet was prepared by a new asymmetrical angular rolling (AAR) process, compared with conventional symmetrical rolling (SR) process and asymmetrical rolling (ASR) process. The effects of three rolling processes on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of the alloy sheets were systematically studied. The results show that the AAR sheet exhibits excellent mechanical properties compared to other two rolling processes. It not only achieves the highest ductility of 17.9 %, 17.9 %, and 18.5 % in the three directions, but also has the lowest mechanical anisotropy values for yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation. The AAR process significantly reduces the anisotropy of the material by achieving the smallest average grain size of 4.93 µm and the most homogeneous grain size distribution. Introduced bi-directional asymmetric shear stresses randomizes grain orientation and activates the non-basal slip system, which also significantly reduces the anisotropy. In addition, the tensile twinning mechanism dominates during the AAR process, which contributes to texture weakening and the activation of the non-basal slip system. Through the synergy of these mechanisms, the AAR sheet is characterized by high ductility and low anisotropy.
{"title":"AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet with high ductility and low anisotropy achieved by a novel asymmetrical angular rolling process","authors":"Chenze Wang, Zan Liu, Zhihui Cai, Lifang Pan, Guangming Liu, Lifeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"The low ductility and strong mechanical anisotropy of wrought magnesium alloys have hindered their further processing and application. In this study, AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet was prepared by a new asymmetrical angular rolling (AAR) process, compared with conventional symmetrical rolling (SR) process and asymmetrical rolling (ASR) process. The effects of three rolling processes on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of the alloy sheets were systematically studied. The results show that the AAR sheet exhibits excellent mechanical properties compared to other two rolling processes. It not only achieves the highest ductility of 17.9 %, 17.9 %, and 18.5 % in the three directions, but also has the lowest mechanical anisotropy values for yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation. The AAR process significantly reduces the anisotropy of the material by achieving the smallest average grain size of 4.93 µm and the most homogeneous grain size distribution. Introduced bi-directional asymmetric shear stresses randomizes grain orientation and activates the non-basal slip system, which also significantly reduces the anisotropy. In addition, the tensile twinning mechanism dominates during the AAR process, which contributes to texture weakening and the activation of the non-basal slip system. Through the synergy of these mechanisms, the AAR sheet is characterized by high ductility and low anisotropy.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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