Direct recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries offers a promising solution to address resource scarcity and environmental concerns. While existing recovery methods focused on black mass face limitations, which underscores the demand for universal and efficient strategies to regenerate degraded cathode materials. Here, we introduce a highly compatible chemical lithiation-based method for regenerating degraded LiFePO4 materials. This process uses a multifunctional bipyridine-lithium reagent to drive spontaneous chemical reactions, followed by annealing that simultaneously restores structural integrity and introduces nitrogen doping. The regenerated material delivers a discharge capacity of 164 mAh g⁻¹ and retains 90% of its capacity after 500 cycles at 0.5C. Additionally, this method enables in-situ regeneration of degraded electrodes, yielding a 10% enhancement in initial capacity compared to untreated samples. This approach provides a feasible solution for the direct regeneration of cathode materials, paving the way for sustainable practices in the circular development of the battery industry.
{"title":"Versatile chemical repair strategy for direct regeneration of cathode materials from retired lithium-ion battery","authors":"Wei Liu, Linfeng Peng, Mengchuang Liu, Jiayue Peng, Ziqi Zeng, Shijie Cheng, Jia Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104227","url":null,"abstract":"Direct recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries offers a promising solution to address resource scarcity and environmental concerns. While existing recovery methods focused on black mass face limitations, which underscores the demand for universal and efficient strategies to regenerate degraded cathode materials. Here, we introduce a highly compatible chemical lithiation-based method for regenerating degraded LiFePO<sub>4</sub> materials. This process uses a multifunctional bipyridine-lithium reagent to drive spontaneous chemical reactions, followed by annealing that simultaneously restores structural integrity and introduces nitrogen doping. The regenerated material delivers a discharge capacity of 164 mAh g⁻¹ and retains 90% of its capacity after 500 cycles at 0.5C. Additionally, this method enables in-situ regeneration of degraded electrodes, yielding a 10% enhancement in initial capacity compared to untreated samples. This approach provides a feasible solution for the direct regeneration of cathode materials, paving the way for sustainable practices in the circular development of the battery industry.","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110953
Kequan Xia, Min Yu, Yichen Luo, Yunyi Ding
Self-powered pressure sensors are essential for robotics, enabling real-time force perception and adaptive interaction. However, most triboelectric pressure sensors focus on dynamic sensing, while static measurement remains challenging due to the lack of standardized methods. Here, we introduce an all-foam triboelectric nanogenerator (AF-TENG) as a lightweight, flexible, and highly compressible self-powered sensor. It enables the detection of both static and dynamic pressures for industrial robotic applications. We propose a dual-mode measurement strategy using an electrometer and an oscilloscope in DC/AC modes, allowing precise differentiation between static electrostatic potential (DC mode) and transient dynamic pressure signals (AC mode). The AF-TENG exhibits a high static pressure sensitivity of 1.48 V·kPa⁻¹ below 6.3 kPa and 0.22 V·kPa⁻¹ above 6.3 kPa, with fast response/recovery times of 251 ms/416 ms. For dynamic pressure sensing, it achieves sensitivities of 10.09 V·kPa⁻¹ below 5.6 kPa and 1.89 V·kPa⁻¹ above 5.6 kPa. These capabilities enable precise object classification, collision detection, and adaptive force control in industrial robots. This work pioneers an all-foam TENG for self-powered sensing and establishes a standardized measurement methodology, advancing triboelectric-based pressure sensing technologies.
{"title":"All-foam intrinsic triboelectric static and dynamic pressure sensor with a standardized DC/AC measurement method for industrial robots","authors":"Kequan Xia, Min Yu, Yichen Luo, Yunyi Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110953","url":null,"abstract":"Self-powered pressure sensors are essential for robotics, enabling real-time force perception and adaptive interaction. However, most triboelectric pressure sensors focus on dynamic sensing, while static measurement remains challenging due to the lack of standardized methods. Here, we introduce an all-foam triboelectric nanogenerator (AF-TENG) as a lightweight, flexible, and highly compressible self-powered sensor. It enables the detection of both static and dynamic pressures for industrial robotic applications. We propose a dual-mode measurement strategy using an electrometer and an oscilloscope in DC/AC modes, allowing precise differentiation between static electrostatic potential (DC mode) and transient dynamic pressure signals (AC mode). The AF-TENG exhibits a high static pressure sensitivity of 1.48<!-- --> <!-- -->V·kPa⁻¹ below 6.3 kPa and 0.22<!-- --> <!-- -->V·kPa⁻¹ above 6.3 kPa, with fast response/recovery times of 251 ms/416 ms. For dynamic pressure sensing, it achieves sensitivities of 10.09<!-- --> <!-- -->V·kPa⁻¹ below 5.6 kPa and 1.89<!-- --> <!-- -->V·kPa⁻¹ above 5.6 kPa. These capabilities enable precise object classification, collision detection, and adaptive force control in industrial robots. This work pioneers an all-foam TENG for self-powered sensing and establishes a standardized measurement methodology, advancing triboelectric-based pressure sensing technologies.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180214
K Georgarakis, ME Stiehler, L Hennet, Y Guo, J Antonowicz, DV Louzguine-Luzgin, MR Jolly, J Andrieux, G Vaughan, AL Greer
A metallic glass is formed when a molten metallic alloy is cooled rapidly enough that crystallisation is avoided. However, the way the atomic structure of the liquid converts to that of the glass is generally unknown. The main challenge is the sufficiently fast experimental acquisition of structural data in the undercooled liquid regime necessitated by the high cooling rates needed to avoid crystallisation. In the present study, using aerodynamic levitation, the Ni-free Ti-based alloy Ti40Zr10Cu34Pd14Sn2 was vitrified in-situ in a high-energy synchrotron X-ray beam while diffraction data were acquired during cooling from above the liquidus temperature Tliq to well below the glass-transition temperature Tg. The structure in the undercooled liquid regime shows an accelerated evolution. Both the local order in the short (SRO) and medium range (MRO) increases rapidly as the undercooled liquid approaches Tg, below which the amorphous structure “freezes”. Nevertheless, distinct differences between the evolution of SRO and MRO were observed. The structural rearrangements in the undercooled liquid are found to be correlated with a rapid increase in viscosity of the metallic liquid upon cooling. The new findings shed light on the evolution of the atomic structure of metallic liquids during vitrification and the structural origins of the sluggish kinetics that suppress nucleation and growth of crystalline phases.
{"title":"In-situ monitoring the structural pathway of a Ti-based alloy from metallic liquid to metallic glass","authors":"K Georgarakis, ME Stiehler, L Hennet, Y Guo, J Antonowicz, DV Louzguine-Luzgin, MR Jolly, J Andrieux, G Vaughan, AL Greer","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180214","url":null,"abstract":"A metallic glass is formed when a molten metallic alloy is cooled rapidly enough that crystallisation is avoided. However, the way the atomic structure of the liquid converts to that of the glass is generally unknown. The main challenge is the sufficiently fast experimental acquisition of structural data in the undercooled liquid regime necessitated by the high cooling rates needed to avoid crystallisation. In the present study, using aerodynamic levitation, the Ni-free Ti-based alloy Ti<sub>40</sub>Zr<sub>10</sub>Cu<sub>34</sub>Pd<sub>14</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub> was vitrified in-situ in a high-energy synchrotron X-ray beam while diffraction data were acquired during cooling from above the liquidus temperature <em>T</em><sub>liq</sub> to well below the glass-transition temperature <em>T</em><sub>g</sub>. The structure in the undercooled liquid regime shows an accelerated evolution. Both the local order in the short (SRO) and medium range (MRO) increases rapidly as the undercooled liquid approaches <em>T</em><sub>g</sub>, below which the amorphous structure “freezes”. Nevertheless, distinct differences between the evolution of SRO and MRO were observed. The structural rearrangements in the undercooled liquid are found to be correlated with a rapid increase in viscosity of the metallic liquid upon cooling. The new findings shed light on the evolution of the atomic structure of metallic liquids during vitrification and the structural origins of the sluggish kinetics that suppress nucleation and growth of crystalline phases.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180106
Diogo Lopes, Miguel A. Vieira, Nuno M. Ferreira, Vladimir V. Shvartsman, Oscar J. Dura, Francisco Q. Batista, Andrei N. Salak, Sergey Mikhalev, Florinda Costa, Andrei V. Kovalevsky
Oxide thermoelectrics, made from abundant, eco-friendly materials, can withstand high-temperature gradients, making them highly promising for high-temperature waste heat harvesting. Recent advancements in the efficiency of thermoelectric material families have been driven by composite approaches, fostering synergistic effects between materials, further enhanced by advanced processing techniques. Accordingly, this study explores the design of oxide-based thermoelectric composites, involving the redistribution of a common substituting cation between composite phases, driven by laser floating zone (LFZ) processing. Niobium substituted strontium titanate/rutile composite material with a nominal composition Sr0.97Ti0.8Nb0.2O3 / 0.15Ti0.95Nb0.05O2 was processed by LFZ at various pulling rates (50, 100, and 200 mm/h), followed by post-thermal treatment under highly reducing conditions. The obtained samples showed inhomogeneous niobium distribution between perovskite and rutile phases shaped by strongly non-equilibrium conditions inherent to the LFZ processing, in contrast to the conventional solid-state route. Adjusting the pulling rate enabled a certain degree of control over niobium incorporation into both phases. Primarily driven by an enhanced Seebeck coefficient, the LFZ-processed and thermally treated samples demonstrated high power factors, reaching 1350-820 μW·K-2·m-1 at 473-1173 K, respectively. An appealing ZT of 0.52 at 1173 K was achieved for the composite sample processed at 100 mm/h and subjected to thermal treatment. This performance is attributed to a combination of a high power factor and low thermal conductivity (~2 W·m-1·K-1 at 1173 K), enabled by phase and compositional inhomogeneities, as well as residual porosity introduced by LFZ processing. The LFZ technique offers considerable potential for optimisation and has proven to be a powerful tool for designing ceramic composite thermoelectric materials.
{"title":"High thermoelectric performance in donor-substituted strontium titanate-based composites processed by laser floating zone","authors":"Diogo Lopes, Miguel A. Vieira, Nuno M. Ferreira, Vladimir V. Shvartsman, Oscar J. Dura, Francisco Q. Batista, Andrei N. Salak, Sergey Mikhalev, Florinda Costa, Andrei V. Kovalevsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180106","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide thermoelectrics, made from abundant, eco-friendly materials, can withstand high-temperature gradients, making them highly promising for high-temperature waste heat harvesting. Recent advancements in the efficiency of thermoelectric material families have been driven by composite approaches, fostering synergistic effects between materials, further enhanced by advanced processing techniques. Accordingly, this study explores the design of oxide-based thermoelectric composites, involving the redistribution of a common substituting cation between composite phases, driven by laser floating zone (LFZ) processing. Niobium substituted strontium titanate/rutile composite material with a nominal composition Sr<sub>0.97</sub>Ti<sub>0.8</sub>Nb<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> / 0.15Ti<sub>0.95</sub>Nb<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was processed by LFZ at various pulling rates (50, 100, and 200<!-- --> <!-- -->mm/h), followed by post-thermal treatment under highly reducing conditions. The obtained samples showed inhomogeneous niobium distribution between perovskite and rutile phases shaped by strongly non-equilibrium conditions inherent to the LFZ processing, in contrast to the conventional solid-state route. Adjusting the pulling rate enabled a certain degree of control over niobium incorporation into both phases. Primarily driven by an enhanced Seebeck coefficient, the LFZ-processed and thermally treated samples demonstrated high power factors, reaching 1350-820 μW·K<sup>-2</sup>·m<sup>-1</sup> at 473-1173<!-- --> <!-- -->K, respectively. An appealing ZT of 0.52 at 1173<!-- --> <!-- -->K was achieved for the composite sample processed at 100<!-- --> <!-- -->mm/h and subjected to thermal treatment. This performance is attributed to a combination of a high power factor and low thermal conductivity (~2<!-- --> <!-- -->W·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup> at 1173<!-- --> <!-- -->K), enabled by phase and compositional inhomogeneities, as well as residual porosity introduced by LFZ processing. The LFZ technique offers considerable potential for optimisation and has proven to be a powerful tool for designing ceramic composite thermoelectric materials.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c03429
Philipp Groppe, Valentin Müller, Johannes Will, Xin Zhou, Kailun Zhang, Michael S. Moritz, Christian Papp, Jörg Libuda, Tanja Retzer, Erdmann Spiecker, Julien Bachmann, Karl Mandel, Susanne Wintzheimer
The controlled assembly of supraparticles by using spray-drying enables the synthesis of nanoporous materials. Changing the size of the constituent nanoparticles or their agglomeration states provides access to a diverse range of pore frameworks. This turns supraparticles into ideal scaffolds in heterogeneous catalysis. The combination of supraparticles with atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a surface functionalization technique offers excellent control over the deposition of a functional material and its distribution over the scaffold on the nanoscale. This work reports the combination of SiO2 supraparticles as tunable scaffolds and their loading with a platinum-based ALD catalyst. The deliberate adjustment of the scaffold pore framework via spray-drying and its effect on the catalyst deposition are highlighted. Furthermore, varying numbers of Pt ALD cycles are applied to explore the capability of the combination approach with respect to catalyst loading and Pt efficiency. High-resolution electron microscopy reveals ultrasmall Pt clusters deposited on the supraparticles after the very first ALD cycle. Using the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol as a demonstration, the impact of the pore framework and the Pt deposition variation in ALD on the catalytic functionality is investigated.
{"title":"Atomic Layer Deposition on Spray-Dried Supraparticles to Rationally Design Catalysts with Ultralow Noble Metal Loadings","authors":"Philipp Groppe, Valentin Müller, Johannes Will, Xin Zhou, Kailun Zhang, Michael S. Moritz, Christian Papp, Jörg Libuda, Tanja Retzer, Erdmann Spiecker, Julien Bachmann, Karl Mandel, Susanne Wintzheimer","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c03429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c03429","url":null,"abstract":"The controlled assembly of supraparticles by using spray-drying enables the synthesis of nanoporous materials. Changing the size of the constituent nanoparticles or their agglomeration states provides access to a diverse range of pore frameworks. This turns supraparticles into ideal scaffolds in heterogeneous catalysis. The combination of supraparticles with atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a surface functionalization technique offers excellent control over the deposition of a functional material and its distribution over the scaffold on the nanoscale. This work reports the combination of SiO<sub>2</sub> supraparticles as tunable scaffolds and their loading with a platinum-based ALD catalyst. The deliberate adjustment of the scaffold pore framework via spray-drying and its effect on the catalyst deposition are highlighted. Furthermore, varying numbers of Pt ALD cycles are applied to explore the capability of the combination approach with respect to catalyst loading and Pt efficiency. High-resolution electron microscopy reveals ultrasmall Pt clusters deposited on the supraparticles after the very first ALD cycle. Using the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol as a demonstration, the impact of the pore framework and the Pt deposition variation in ALD on the catalytic functionality is investigated.","PeriodicalId":33,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charge excitation is a key method to enhance the output of floating rotary triboelectric nanogenerator (FR-TENG). However, most current research focuses on improving the surface charge density of a single material, neglecting the strategy of simultaneously increasing the surface charge density of two materials with opposite polarities to enhance the potential difference. Here, we propose a method of coinjecting positive and negative charges using a voltage-multiplying circuit (VMC), applied to a floating self-excited rotary TENG (FSR-TENG). The VMC injects positive and negative charges into two adjacent, nonconductive electrode groups on the stator. This increases the potential difference between the two electrode groups, thereby effectively enhancing the device’s output. Compared to FR-TENG, the current and transferred charge increase by 341% and 421%, respectively. This work provides an innovative strategy for maximizing the output of rotational TENGs and can be easily applied to other types of TENGs.
{"title":"Bipolar Co-Injection Floating Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wind Energy Harvesting","authors":"Zhaoyue Xia, Huang Lin, Heng Yao, Yadong Jia, Jing Wang, Hui Yang, Qilong Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsami.4c22943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c22943","url":null,"abstract":"Charge excitation is a key method to enhance the output of floating rotary triboelectric nanogenerator (FR-TENG). However, most current research focuses on improving the surface charge density of a single material, neglecting the strategy of simultaneously increasing the surface charge density of two materials with opposite polarities to enhance the potential difference. Here, we propose a method of coinjecting positive and negative charges using a voltage-multiplying circuit (VMC), applied to a floating self-excited rotary TENG (FSR-TENG). The VMC injects positive and negative charges into two adjacent, nonconductive electrode groups on the stator. This increases the potential difference between the two electrode groups, thereby effectively enhancing the device’s output. Compared to FR-TENG, the current and transferred charge increase by 341% and 421%, respectively. This work provides an innovative strategy for maximizing the output of rotational TENGs and can be easily applied to other types of TENGs.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cr2+: CdSe and Fe2+: CdSe single crystals are considered promising mid-infrared laser materials owing to the broad absorption and emission bands. As the key component in the laser system, high-quality and large-size active element benefits laser output. However, the preparation of crystals encounters difficulty due to the serious decomposition and high vapor pressure. In this paper, a modified vertical gradient freeze method with a molybdenum crucible was used to grow Cr2+ / Fe2+: CdSe crystals with a size of Φ 51 × 110 mm3. The crystals demonstrated recorded full width at half maximum values of 0.03° in the high-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curves. The transmittance spectra indicated good Cr2+ / Fe2+ doping homogeneity with the concentration varying only 3 (1.5) times from top to bottom, and the average transmittance exceeded 65% except the absorption band. Besides, exactly opposite results after the thermal annealing in Se vapors were displayed, and the mechanism was studied in detail. Additionally, the emission spectrum of Cr2+: CdSe crystal was measured to be 2.2 - 3.6 μm, and a preliminary laser experiment was realized with an output power of 20 mW (500 ns,1 kHz) at 2.5 μm. All these results exhibit that the Cr2+ / Fe2+: CdSe crystals fabricated by this method have better quality, and the research may give an effective conference for the preparation of other transition metal-doped II-VI chalcogenides.
{"title":"Preparation of large size high uniformity doping Cr2+/Fe2+: CdSe laser crystals by modified VGF method","authors":"Qianqian Hu, Youbao Ni, Changbao Huang, Lei Guo, Haixin Wu, Zhenyou Wang, Xuezhou Yu, Guojin Liu, Huabei Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180215","url":null,"abstract":"Cr<sup>2+</sup>: CdSe and Fe<sup>2+</sup>: CdSe single crystals are considered promising mid-infrared laser materials owing to the broad absorption and emission bands. As the key component in the laser system, high-quality and large-size active element benefits laser output. However, the preparation of crystals encounters difficulty due to the serious decomposition and high vapor pressure. In this paper, a modified vertical gradient freeze method with a molybdenum crucible was used to grow Cr<sup>2+</sup> / Fe<sup>2+</sup>: CdSe crystals with a size of Φ 51 × 110 mm<sup>3</sup>. The crystals demonstrated recorded full width at half maximum values of 0.03° in the high-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curves. The transmittance spectra indicated good Cr<sup>2+</sup> / Fe<sup>2+</sup> doping homogeneity with the concentration varying only 3 (1.5) times from top to bottom, and the average transmittance exceeded 65% except the absorption band. Besides, exactly opposite results after the thermal annealing in Se vapors were displayed, and the mechanism was studied in detail. Additionally, the emission spectrum of Cr<sup>2+</sup>: CdSe crystal was measured to be 2.2 - 3.6 μm, and a preliminary laser experiment was realized with an output power of 20<!-- --> <!-- -->mW (500<!-- --> <!-- -->ns,1<!-- --> <!-- -->kHz) at 2.5 μm. All these results exhibit that the Cr<sup>2+</sup> / Fe<sup>2+</sup>: CdSe crystals fabricated by this method have better quality, and the research may give an effective conference for the preparation of other transition metal-doped II-VI chalcogenides.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donggyun Kim, Jinhyeon Park, Seonghyeon Jung, Jieun Jang, Minsu Han, Minjun Kim, Wenkai Zhu, Woo-Jin Song, Yusuke Yamauchi, Jeonghun Kim
Metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived carbons, known for their highly tunable structures, have attracted considerable attention for electrochemical applications. Efficient ion and electron transport, along with low electrode resistance, is critical for enhancing performance in these areas. To optimize MOF-derived carbons, we synthesize Zn-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanocrystals with controlled sizes and a narrow size distribution, resulting in nanoporous polyhedral carbon structures. The sample is then subjected to carbonization to yield ZIF-8-derived carbon (ZIF-8-C) doped with heteroatoms, and subsequently, performance evaluations of supercapacitors are conducted to assess their ion and electron transport properties. Larger particles exhibit greater capacitance loss at high scan rates or current densities, likely due to underutilization of pores for ion diffusion. Uniform particle sizes facilitate ordered packing, improving electron pathways compared to electrodes with non-uniform particles and yielding higher electrochemical performance despite similar specific surface areas. Notably, the electrode prepared with the smallest and most uniformly sized ZIF-8-C-m1 exhibits a specific capacitance of 206.4 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, along with excellent rate capability and stability, retaining 99.7% of its capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. In a two-electrode system, it achieves an energy density of up to 19.4 W h kg−1 at a specific power of 350 W kg−1. The results present here offer valuable insights into the utilization of nanoporous carbons across diverse electrochemical applications.
{"title":"Study on the importance of uniformity and nanoparticle size in ZIF-8 carbon nanoarchitecture for enhancing electrochemical properties","authors":"Donggyun Kim, Jinhyeon Park, Seonghyeon Jung, Jieun Jang, Minsu Han, Minjun Kim, Wenkai Zhu, Woo-Jin Song, Yusuke Yamauchi, Jeonghun Kim","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00556f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00556f","url":null,"abstract":"Metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived carbons, known for their highly tunable structures, have attracted considerable attention for electrochemical applications. Efficient ion and electron transport, along with low electrode resistance, is critical for enhancing performance in these areas. To optimize MOF-derived carbons, we synthesize Zn-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanocrystals with controlled sizes and a narrow size distribution, resulting in nanoporous polyhedral carbon structures. The sample is then subjected to carbonization to yield ZIF-8-derived carbon (ZIF-8-C) doped with heteroatoms, and subsequently, performance evaluations of supercapacitors are conducted to assess their ion and electron transport properties. Larger particles exhibit greater capacitance loss at high scan rates or current densities, likely due to underutilization of pores for ion diffusion. Uniform particle sizes facilitate ordered packing, improving electron pathways compared to electrodes with non-uniform particles and yielding higher electrochemical performance despite similar specific surface areas. Notably, the electrode prepared with the smallest and most uniformly sized ZIF-8-C-m1 exhibits a specific capacitance of 206.4 F g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 1 A g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, along with excellent rate capability and stability, retaining 99.7% of its capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>. In a two-electrode system, it achieves an energy density of up to 19.4 W h kg<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at a specific power of 350 W kg<small><sup>−1</sup></small>. The results present here offer valuable insights into the utilization of nanoporous carbons across diverse electrochemical applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twisted 2D TMDs with misorientation of layers have sparked utmost attention towards probing into an escalating new classification of materials with tuned materials characteristics. Yet, research on the scaling up of synthesis protocols and their electrochemical performance remains in its infancy. Herein, we present the first report on the observation of twisting angles (θ = 6.4°, 8.1°, 11.4°, 19°, 20.4°, 22° and 26°) in plasma sprayed exfoliated twisted MoS2. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed the induced twist angles in exfoliated MoS2. Further, HR TEM investigation confirms the existence of twisting with significant moiré pattern in exfoliated MoS2 layers and corroborates with Raman spectra findings. Twisted MoS2 layers exhibited better electrochemical performance of 181F/g than bulk MoS2. This breakthrough observation paves the way to unveil the industrially friendly plasma spraying protocol for the synthesis of other and upcoming twisted 2D materials.
{"title":"Unusual stacking observation in plasma sprayed exfoliated MoS2","authors":"P.Sai Kiran, K.Vijay Kumar, Niranjan Pandit, Chintham Satish, Anup Kumar Keshri","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163127","url":null,"abstract":"Twisted 2D TMDs with misorientation of layers have sparked utmost attention towards probing into an escalating new classification of materials with tuned materials characteristics. Yet, research on the scaling up of synthesis protocols and their electrochemical performance remains in its infancy. Herein, we present the first report on the observation of twisting angles (θ = 6.4°, 8.1°, 11.4°, 19°, 20.4°, 22° and 26°) in plasma sprayed exfoliated twisted MoS<sub>2</sub>. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed the induced twist angles in exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub>. Further, HR TEM investigation confirms the existence of twisting with significant moiré pattern in exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub> layers and corroborates with Raman spectra findings. Twisted MoS<sub>2</sub> layers exhibited better electrochemical performance of 181F/g than bulk MoS<sub>2</sub>. This breakthrough observation paves the way to unveil the industrially friendly plasma spraying protocol for the synthesis of other and upcoming twisted 2D materials.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite their environmental friendliness, security and high volumetric energy density of zinc anodes, aqueous Zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) still face poor reversibility of Zn anodes, especially under high current density, originating from various parasitic reactions induced by high activity of water. The hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte (HDEE) effectively suppresses parasitic reactions, but the electrochemical performance still needs to be optimized. Here, our research emphasized the importance of balancing enhanced reversibility and fast Zn2+ transfer kinetics. A new green and low-cost HDEE (Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O/Glycerol) is developed, and then an optimized solvation structure [Zn(H2O)2.0(Gl)1.3(ClO4)2.7]²⁺ can be formed by adding glycerol (Gl), which not only maintains a high Zn2+ diffusion coefficient (1.2×10−7 cm2 s−1), but also disrupts the bulk water network via strong H-bonding with ClO₄− and water, significantly lowering the freezing point (-65°C) and inhibiting the parasitic reactions/cathode dissolution. Furthermore, the evolution of the HDEEs solvation chemistry and its impact on the electrode/electrolyte interfacial stabilities can be understood through precise adjustments of the molar ratios of Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O and Gl, molecular dynamics and COMSOL simulation. The Zn//Zn with the HDEE (Zn|HDEE|Zn cells) can cycle for ∼5000 h without short-circuiting at 1 mA cm−2, which is roughly 12.5 times more stable than ordinary aqueous electrolyte, indicating effective suppression of parasitic reactions. The Zn//NH4V4O10 with HDEE (Zn|HDEE|NH4V4O10 cells) can stably cycle 3500 cycles with 120 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 at room temperature and 1000 cycles with 95 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 at a low temperature of -20 °C. This study provides a path toward the development of HDEE electrolyte and a thorough comprehension of the influence of Zn2+ solvation structure on reversibility.
{"title":"Trade-Off between Reversibility and Fast Zn2+ Kinetics: Toward Ultra-Stable Low-Temperature Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries","authors":"Junye Zhang, Linlin Wang, Yuping Liao, Chen Huang, Hangtian Zhu, Juan Wang, Linying Yuan, Tianchen Shen, Shigang Lu, Luyang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104229","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their environmental friendliness, security and high volumetric energy density of zinc anodes, aqueous Zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) still face poor reversibility of Zn anodes, especially under high current density, originating from various parasitic reactions induced by high activity of water. The hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte (HDEE) effectively suppresses parasitic reactions, but the electrochemical performance still needs to be optimized. Here, our research emphasized the importance of balancing enhanced reversibility and fast Zn<sup>2+</sup> transfer kinetics. A new green and low-cost HDEE (Zn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O/Glycerol) is developed, and then an optimized solvation structure [Zn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2.0</sub>(Gl)<sub>1.3</sub>(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2.7</sub>]²⁺ can be formed by adding glycerol (Gl), which not only maintains a high Zn<sup>2+</sup> diffusion coefficient (1.2×10<sup>−7</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>), but also disrupts the bulk water network via strong H-bonding with ClO₄<sup>−</sup> and water, significantly lowering the freezing point (-65°C) and inhibiting the parasitic reactions/cathode dissolution. Furthermore, the evolution of the HDEEs solvation chemistry and its impact on the electrode/electrolyte interfacial stabilities can be understood through precise adjustments of the molar ratios of Zn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O and Gl, molecular dynamics and COMSOL simulation. The Zn//Zn with the HDEE (Zn|HDEE|Zn cells) can cycle for ∼5000 h without short-circuiting at 1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, which is roughly 12.5 times more stable than ordinary aqueous electrolyte, indicating effective suppression of parasitic reactions. The Zn//NH<sub>4</sub>V<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> with HDEE (Zn|HDEE|NH<sub>4</sub>V<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> cells) can stably cycle 3500 cycles with 120 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 10 A g<sup>−1</sup> at room temperature and 1000 cycles with 95 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup> at a low temperature of -20 °C. This study provides a path toward the development of HDEE electrolyte and a thorough comprehension of the influence of Zn<sup>2+</sup> solvation structure on reversibility.","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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