心理学最新文献

Bidirectional links between mental health and substance use and romantic relationship dynamics are well-established, though most of this research has focused on different-gender (presumed heterosexual) couples in established, committed relationships or marriages. Given the high prevalence of mental health and substance use disparities among sexual minority adults, more research is needed on how these factors might influence them and not just in committed relationships, but early romantic relationship development, a time that can be especially turbulent for all couples. The present study used qualitative data from 60 cisgender, same-gender couples (50% female) collected during a semistructured conversation couples had regarding their relationship formation and early history. Applied content analysis was used to explore the role of mental health and substance use on couples' relationship formation and early functioning. Primary themes included the role of alcohol and substance use in accelerating relationship development, perception of partners as a mental health support promoting relationship formation, and associations between partner's psychological distress and early relationship distress and instability. More female couples than male couples described their poor mental health at relationship initiation as both promoting relationship involvement and exacerbating conflict. These findings highlight the relevance of mental health and substance use problems for same-gender couples' early romantic relationship development given the mental health disparities they face. Future research will be needed to explore if findings generalize to other types of sexual and gender minority couples and heterosexual couples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Leisure activities may protect cognitive performance in older age, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study examined the short-term time-lagged associations between leisure activities that are minimally physically active (e.g., meeting friends; hereinafter referred to as "leisure activities") and working memory, and whether affect and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (i.e., cortisol) mediate such associations. We examined 7,928 observations provided by 235 participants (aged 56-88 years, 49% women) from the German socioeconomic panel. Over 7 days, participants reported their leisure activities and affect (i.e., valence and arousal), completed an ambulatory working memory task, and provided saliva samples five times per day. Results from multivariate multilevel time series analyses show that a bout of leisure activity (that happened within the recent 3 hr) was associated with subsequent better working memory performance as captured 6 hr later, but not 3 hr later or at the same time. Moreover, high- and low-arousal positive affect and low-arousal negative affect mediated the temporal association. That is, a bout of leisure activity was associated with concurrent more high- and low-arousal positive affect and less low-arousal negative affect, which were associated with subsequent better working memory performance. In contrast, high-arousal negative affect and cortisol did not mediate the association. In addition, we observed heterogeneity across participants and reported generalizability of our hypothesis on leisure activities that are physically active (e.g., walking). In conclusion, engagement in leisure activities may have short-term benefits for working memory performance by enhancing affective well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

A newborn in the family results in several life changes, including the emergence and stress of conflicts between family roles and other roles. However, family interference with leisure has not been addressed in the scientific literature yet. The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of the Family Interference with Leisure Scale (FILS) in a sample of parents of children between 0 and 6 years old. One hundred sixty-four parents of at least one child between 0 and 6 years old participated in this study. Participants completed a self-assessment protocol, which included the FILS, along with measures of parental stress, frequency of leisure activities, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted for the FILS, along with correlational and hierarchical regression analyses between FILS scores and the other variables of the study. The results suggest a unidimensional structure of the FILS, explaining 74% of the variance of family interference with leisure. Good reliability was found (Cronbach's α = .88). Additionally, results show that higher scores on FILS were associated with higher levels of parental stress, more depressive and anxiety symptoms, and a lower frequency of leisure activities. These findings suggest good psychometric properties of the FILS, endorsing its use for measuring family interference with leisure in parents. In addition, the results suggest that the role conflict between family and leisure activities may play a key role in the understanding of parental stress and parents' psychological distress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Does emotional information have a place in court, or does it bias legal decisions? We address this longstanding question using real-world national sentencing patterns and laboratory-based mock jury decisions. Archival analysis of 918,152 observations reveals that the introduction of Victim Impact Statements, in which victims express the effect of crimes on their lives, did not change sentencing outcomes for violent crimes (Study 1). We hypothesized this may occur if observers empathize with victims over defendants by default. In two experimental studies (including a preregistered replication; data collected 2018 and 2019), exposure to the facts of a crime produced empathy for victims but dehumanization of defendants, a pattern not altered by Victim Impact Statements. Upon exposure to both the defendant's perspective and the victim's perspective, people express empathy for the victim and defendant, humanize defendants, and support more lenient sentencing. Internal meta-analyses of Study 2 and 3 found that the pooled effect of the defendant's perspective was much stronger than that of the victim, despite a content analysis demonstrating no significant difference in the emotionality or tone of the two statements. Taken together, the large and real-world sample of Study 1, combined with the experimental manipulation of Studies 2 and 3, suggests that "empathic defaults" are part of legal decision making and that introducing-rather than ignoring-multiple perspectives may balance the emotional scales. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

The coping pattern of individuals who experience different cultures is influenced by different worldviews and ways of dealing with problems. This study aimed to estimate the psychometric properties of the BriefCOPE inventory and to compare coping strategies between Brazilian and Finnish university students. The study also aimed to identify how individual characteristics relate to coping strategies and explore the interconnections among strategies within the student samples from both countries. This is a cross-sectional observational study. Data was collected in Brazil using paper-and-pencil (n = 398, female = 66.6%; mean age = 21.0, SD = 2.2 years) and in Finland using an online survey (n = 165, female = 67.3% mean age = 26.9, SD = 7.2 years) during 2023 and 2024. A demographic questionnaire and the BriefCOPE Inventory were used. The fit of BriefCOPE to the samples was estimated using confirmatory factor analysis. Prevalences of coping strategies commonly used by students were calculated using a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Multiple logistic regression models were developed, and the odds ratio (OR) was estimated considering each sample and its characteristics. Network analysis was carried out to identify the interconnection among coping strategies. The BriefCOPE Inventory presented adequate psychometric properties in both samples after refinement. Brazilian students showed a higher prevalence of using "Planning" and "Self-Distraction" strategies, while Finnish students showed a more uniform and balanced use of all coping strategies. In Brazil, students who reported having some type of mental health care had a greater probability of using adaptive strategies ("Active Coping": OR = 3.51). In Finland, individual characteristics seem to have little effect on the choice of coping strategies. For both samples, "Planning" was the main strategy in maintaining networks. Finnish students have a larger and diverse repertoire to face everyday problems and better manage psychosocial demands compared to Brazilian students. Expanding students' coping repertoire can be important in preventing the development of symptoms associated with mental disorders in response to stress.

Human mate selection is a critical precursor to reproduction and involves three key dimensions: physical attractiveness, resources, and good parenting. The behavioral immune system influences these mate standards, with pathogen threats increasing emphasis on physical attractiveness as health indicators. This study investigated whether modern disease prevention measures, such as sterile medical gloves, can affect individuals' ideal mate standards by altering behavioral immune system activation. Sixty-six Chinese undergraduate students were randomly assigned to wear sterile medical gloves (gloved condition) or not (ungloved condition) while reading a contaminated newspaper to simulate pathogen threat exposure. Participants then completed measures of disgust, mood, anxiety, and ideal mate standards across the three dimensions: physical attractiveness, resources, and good parenting. Following pathogen threat exposure, participants using sterile medical gloves showed significantly reduced disgust responses (indicating lowered behavioral immune system activation) and enhanced mood compared to ungloved participants. Crucially, gloved participants demonstrated decreased emphasis on physical attractiveness while simultaneously increasing their requirements for partners' resource acquisition abilities and parenting potential. Mediation analyses identified reduced disgust as the key mediator for the decreased focus on physical attractiveness. Enhanced mood provided an additional mediating pathway, reducing both physical attractiveness and resource requirements. Beyond these emotional mediators, sterile medical glove use exhibited significant direct effects on resource and parenting standards. These results suggest that disease prevention measures can systematically alter ideal mate standards following pathogen threat exposure by altering behavioral immune system activation. This study provides the first empirical evidence that modern disease prevention technologies can influence fundamental aspects of human mate selection through effects on evolved pathogen avoidance mechanisms, highlighting the adaptability of mate standards to modern disease prevention practices in contemporary societies.

Previous studies have examined different variables related to trust in science and associated trust in science with personal or psychological variables. In this study, we assessed the role of personal agency beliefs (free will, scientific determinism, fatalistic determinism, and unpredictability) and personality traits, focusing on the psychological underpinnings of trust in science. The study, which was conducted with 1019 individuals from a Turkish sample, revealed that psychological factors were more strongly predictive of trust in science than demographic factors. The results showed that free will and scientific determinism were associated with trust in science. In addition, individuals with conscientious personality traits were found to have higher confidence in science. By emphasizing the role of psychological factors, our study reveals the importance of supporting the relationship between science and society with more comprehensive research in the future.

Living under the threat of natural disasters affects mental health. Natural disasters that are more likely to occur in a specific season represent a special case that is becoming more frequent with the consequences of climate change. Therefore, they deserve special attention regarding their potentially seasonal mental health implications. We investigated seasonal and non-seasonal natural disasters and levels of exposure in terms of threatened safety in an online survey in Iceland. Among a total of 335 participants, there were 252 participants who had experienced natural disasters in the past or who lived under the threat of natural disasters to happen in their area of residency. We found that all participants who were exposed to natural disasters or their threat to happen had a higher risk perception for natural disasters than the control group, but disaster-related anxiety was increased only among individuals who had their safety threatened because of a natural disaster (p < 0.001). Individuals who lived under the threat of seasonal disasters or who had their safety threatened by seasonal disasters had a lower risk perception for non-seasonal disasters as compared to controls (p < 0.001). There was also an association between the experience of depression-specific seasonal symptoms and disaster anxiety (p < 0.001). The research shows the critical impacts of compromised safety due to natural disasters on risk perception and mental health, but more specifically disaster anxiety, which in turn is related to an increased vulnerability to experience seasonal symptoms.

During the transition to middle school, difficulties understanding and identifying emotions may place youth at risk for maladaptive responses to peer victimization. In turn, maladaptive responses to victimization may increase the likelihood of engaging in aggressive behaviors. In a prospective, multi-informant study of 636 youth (338 girls; M_age in fourth grade = 9.94 years; 66.7% White; 34.75% receiving subsidized lunch) from fourth to sixth grades (2008-2011), we examined the indirect pathways from emotional clarity to aggressive behavior via responses to peer victimization. Results revealed that poor emotional clarity predicted less effortful engagement and more involuntary disengagement responses to peer victimization, which predicted more aggressive behaviors. These results highlight the importance of promoting emotional understanding to enhance effective coping with victimization and reduce aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Individuals engaging in child sexual abuse often present pedophilic interest, but the other psychiatric morbidities among undetected users of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) are largely unknown. We mapped the psychiatric profile of 160 mainly male and primarily non-convicted anonymous Darknet-recruited adult CSAM users. The participants' psychiatric morbidities were analyzed descriptively, and correlations between sexual pathologies known as risk factors for committing child sexual abuse (paraphilias, hypersexuality) and CSAM offense behavior (viewing time, content) were examined in a series of exploratory linear regression models. Pedophilic interests, hypersexuality, autism traits, ADHD, and depression were commonly reported. Further, hypersexuality was associated with CSAM viewing time (r = .295, b = 0.07, p = .001), zoophilic interest was associated with CSAM severity (r = .195, b = 0.46, p = .003) and both zoophilic and pedophilic sexual interest were associated with the age of the youngest child in CSAM viewed (r = -.218, b = -0.56, p = .01 and r = -.273, b = -1.01, p < .001). We conclude that CSAM users presented sexual pathologies, some related to their CSAM-use behavior, as well as multiple other mental health needs.